Prevalence Of Iron Deficiency Anemia Research Articles

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Among Moderate and Severely Acute Malnourished Children.

Iron deficiency remains one of the globally recognized leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children, among developing countries like India as compared to the Western world. To estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and iron deficiency without anemia (IDWA) among malnourished children. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department Of Pediatrics, Tertiary Care Hospital, Western Rajasthan. Demographic data and serum samples were collected and analyzed. Hematological and biochemical values were determined for 300 children aged 6 months to 59 months. A total of 93.9% of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children and 83.24% of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) children had anemia as perWHO definition, with moderate anemia (47.66%) being the predominant type of anemia. About 64% of children showed iron deficiency with a prevalence of IDA and IDWA being 94.27% and 5.72%, respectively. The mean values of serum ferritin, serum iron, serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation in children with IDWA were 8.34±2.85, 17.43±7.57, 454.09±40.76, and 4.09±1.44, respectively. The proportion of anemic children in both SAM and MAM groups was very high. Our study shows that more than 60% of the MAM and SAM children were iron deficient. We recommend future measures for the prevention and control of anemia, including increased coverage of nutritional supplementation, fortification programs, and supplement iron in this sub-group (IDWA) to take care of their symptoms due to iron deficiency even before the development of overt IDA.

Characteristics of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Patients with Colorectal Cancer-Associated Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have a high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and the gut microbiota is closely related to iron metabolism. We performed metagenomic and metabolomic analyses of stool samples from 558 eligible samples, including IDA CRC patients (IDA, n = 69), non-anemia CRC patients (Non-Anemia, n = 245), and healthy controls (CTRL, n = 244), to explore the dynamically altered gut microbes and their metabolites. Compared with the CTRL group, fecal bacteria in both the IDA group and the Non-Anemia group showed a decrease in alpha diversity and changes in microbial communities. Flavonifractor plautii (F. plautii) increases progressively from CTRL to Non-Anemia to IDA, accompanied by decreased trimethoxyflavanone and a downregulated KO gene, megDIII. In the Non-Anemia group, Parabacteroides showed a specifically elevated abundance positively correlated with enriched 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The intricate correlations among gut microbiota, metabolites, and KO genes were uncovered and highlighted, implicating an aberrant iron metabolism vulnerable to chronic inflammation during the deterioration of the anemic condition. Furthermore, the amount of F. plautii in feces achieved independent and effective prediction performance for the poor outcome of CRC. Perturbed host-microbe interplays represent a novel prospect for explaining the pathogenesis of CRC-associated IDA. The fecal microbial features also reflect the associations between IDA and elevated CRC recurrence risk.

Edukasi Peran Gizi Dalam Pencegahan Anemia Gizi Besi Pada Remaja Putri Markaz Tahfiz Alquran Al-Fityan School Aceh

Anemia is one of the nutritional problems in adolescents that can be prevented from an early age. Education on the role of nutrition in preventing iron deficiency anemia in young women is one of the efforts that can be made to provide accurate information regarding this problem. So that teenagers are more concerned about their health, especially what they consume and other habits that can increase the risk of anemia. This community service activity was carried out at Markaz Tahfiz Alquran Alfityan School Banda Aceh. This community service activity aims to provide education to female students about anemia and the role of nutrition in preventing iron deficiency anemia. Based on community service activities at Markaz Tahfiz Alquran Alfityan School Aceh, it was concluded that as many as 31 female students took part in activities providing education on the role of nutrition in preventing iron deficiency anemia in young women. Based on verbal and written observations and evaluations, female students were able to receive and understand the material well, there was an increase in knowledge of 2.4 points. Based on the results obtained from this activity, it is recommended that adolescent health promotion be carried out more intensively in education centers.

The Prevalence of Anemia among Pregnant Women in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to ascertain the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among Chinese pregnant women. A total of 722 articles on maternal anemia during pregnancy published between January 2010 and December 2020 were compiled, and a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on 57 eligible studies including 1,376,204 pregnant women to ascertain the prevalence of anemia and the prevalence in different subgroups. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia, ID, and IDA among pregnant women in China were 30.7% (95% CI: 26.6%, 34.7%), 45.6% (95% CI: 37.0%, 54.2%), and 17.3% (95% CI: 13.9%, 20.7%), respectively. All prevalence increased with the progression of the pregnancy. There were sizable regional variations in the prevalence of anemia, ID, and IDA. Generally, lower prevalence was observed in the economically more advanced eastern region of the country, while the prevalence of ID was higher in the eastern region than that in the western region. The prevalence of anemia and IDA in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, but ID prevalence was higher in urban areas. In conclusion, the regional differences and urban-rural disparities in the prevalence of anemia indicate the need for more context-specific interventions to prevent and treat anemia. It was found that dietary factors were one of the major causes of anemia, and iron-containing supplements and nutrition counseling could be effective interventions to reduce the prevalence of anemia, ID, and IDA among Chinese pregnant women.

Iron Deficiency Anemia and Its Impact on Oral Health-A Literature Review.

Oral disease interventions primarily focus on behavioral changes like dietary improvements and ensuring better oral hygiene. However, recognizing the influence of biological factors, including genetics and early-life nutrition, is crucial. Iron deficiency (ID) and its advanced form, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), affect nearly two billion people globally, especially children and pregnant women. We conducted a comprehensive search using Medline via EndNote and Web of Science, employing keywords related to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and we identified 36 studies deemed relevant for inclusion in this literature review. IDA prevalence is notably high among pregnant women and young children. Both IDA and early-childhood caries (ECC) disproportionately affect impoverished populations, highlighting the socioeconomic dimension of this issue. IDA presents with various oral mucosal changes and is closely linked to candidiasis. Additionally, IDA can hinder tooth development and weaken the immune response. Multiple population surveys have revealed a significant association between ECC and IDA. While some studies have explored the IDA-periodontal disease link, the current evidence is relatively limited in its robustness. In conclusion, more comprehensive longitudinal studies are essential to deepen our understanding of the IDA-oral disease connection. Investigating the underlying biological mechanisms is critical to developing effective interventions, particularly for vulnerable populations affected by IDA.

Anthropometric Indices and Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia among School Children in Delta State, Nigeria: an Intervention Study

Abstract Background Anaemia being a condition of low levels of haemoglobin in the blood is a public health problem that affects approximately 1.3 to 2.2 billion people worldwide. Aim This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and its association with anthropometric measurements among school children in Delta State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods The study was a pretest-postest study of 201 primary school (age 6-12 years) and secondary school (age 13-19 years) respondents randomly selected from primary and secondary schools in the three senatorial districts of Delta State. Eighty-three (41.3%) males and 118 (58.7%) females with a mean age of 12.30 ± 3.14 years were enrolledin the study. The preventive intervention protocol consisted of a single dose of vitamin A, daily vitamin C, weekly vitamin E, and twice weekly ferrous sulphate supplements administered for five weeks. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. Assessment of anaemia was done by pretest-postest haemoglobin determination. Results The prevalence of anaemia at baseline was 38.3% and 0% post-intervention. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and thinness at baseline were 7.0%, 14.3 % and 15.0%, respectively, and post-intervention were 5.5%, 8.7% and 8.5%, respectively. The prevalence ofoverweight at baseline and post-intervention was 5.0%. The correlation between anaemia and underweight was r =-0.399, p = 0.005. The correlation between anaemia and body mass index wasr = -0.234, ρ< 0.001. Conclusion Nutritional deficiency could cause anaemia among school children. However, intake of antioxidant vitamins and iron might help to reduce the burden.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency at Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern Punjab

Anemia is a frequently encountered complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to worse outcomes in terms of quality of life and premature death. However, the current prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in CKD is understudied in Pakistan. Objective: To assess the frequency of IDA in patients with CKD at Bewal International Hospital, Gujar Khan, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional was executed at the Department of Nephrology, Bewal International Hospital, Pakistan from January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022. The study comprised 97 patients aged >13 years of either gender having CKD (GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m²) for at least 90 days. All patients were tested for serum creatinine, ferritin, and hemoglobin levels. IDA was considered if hemoglobin was ≤12 mg/dL in women and ≤13 mg/dL in men. Results: Among 97 patients, there were 57(58.7%) males and 40(41.3%) females. The mean age was 51.23 ± 12.99 years while the mean disease duration was 6.01 ± 1.610 years. 57(58.7%) patients had IDA. IDA was more frequent in women with CKD (67.5%), compared to men (52.64%). However, this association was statically insignificant (p>0.05). When data was stratified, a substantial association was found between IDA and the stage of CKD (p=0.007). There was no significant association between IDA and disease duration (p>0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that anemia is common in CKD patients, with a high prevalence in females. Stage 3–5 CKD is significantly associated with developing iron deficiency anemia. Early identification and timely management can avoid unfavorable outcomes in these patients.

PREVALENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Even in affluent nations, IDA is still a significant public health issue, particularly for young children and women who are ready to have children. Aims: This systematic review is to review the treatment and prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children. Methods: This study demonstrated compliance with all requirements by means of a comparison with the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Thus, the specialists were able to guarantee that the research was as current as feasible. Publications released between 2014 and 2024 were considered for this search strategy. This was accomplished by utilizing a number of distinct online reference sites, including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub. It was determined that reviews, previously published works, and partially completed works would not be included. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 353 articles, whereas the results of our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 8.865 articles, our search on SAGEPUB brought up 3.269 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 184 articles for PubMed, 4.071 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT and 1.144 articles for SAGEPUB. In the end, we compiled a total of 5 papers, 3 of which came from PubMed, 1 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT and 1 of which came from SAGEPUB. We included five research that met the criteria. Conclusion: In summary, with its haematological repercussions of anemia, IDA is a prevalent and significant children health concern. To assess the effects of IDA on immunity and neurocognition, additional research is necessary. The key to successfully treating children with IDA is early identification and diagnosis of the condition together with competent interpretation of laboratory tests.

Comparative evaluation of different oral iron salts in the management of iron deficiency anemia.

Anemia affects one-fourth of the world's population and is caused mostly by iron deficiency. Iron supplementation is the most essential strategy for preventing iron deficiency anemia. Conventional oral iron salts have many drawbacks such as poor absorption & bioavailability, and poor tolerability resulting in poor clinical outcomes. To compare the effectiveness and safety of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous bis-glycinate, and Sucrosomial iron in the management of iron deficiency anemia. The study is a retrospective observational clinical study comprising 260 subjects with hemoglobin between 7-10g/dl. The patients were divided into four groups I, II, III, and IV, and received ferrous fumarate, ferrous ascorbate, ferrous bis-glycinate, and Sucrosomial iron respectively. Hematological profile and iron store indices were measured at baseline and month 3. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparison test was used to assess statistical significance (P < 0.05) using GraphPad Prism V.9.3.1 software. The observational study showed that hemoglobin levels were significantly increased in the ferrous ascorbate group (11.86 ± 0.09; P < 0.0001), ferrous fumarate group (11.72 ± 0.08; P < 0.0001), ferrous bis-glycinate group (11.69 ± 0.11; P = 0.0003) and Sucrosomial iron group (12.20 ± 0.1; P < 0.0001) compared to the baseline. The Sucrosomial iron-supplemented group showed significantly higher improvement in hemoglobin levels and serum ferritin levels compared to conventional oral iron salts (P < 0.05) with a better safety profile. The Sucrosomial iron showed significantly higher improvement in hemoglobin levels and higher improvement in iron store indices parameters along with a good tolerability profile compared to other conventional oral iron salts.

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Different Age Groups in Duhok City, Kurdistan region, Iraq

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Different Age Groups in Duhok City, Kurdistan region, Iraq

Scientific substantiation of the use of iron-containing drugs in veterinary medicine

The relevance of this study is conditioned by the need to summarise current knowledge about the use of iron-containing drugs in veterinary medicine and their scientific substantiation. The purpose of this study was to analyse the results of the latest experimental data presented in the literature on the pharmacological and toxicological properties of iron-containing drugs and the specific features of their use in veterinary medicine. The study employed the method of literature analysis with the formulation of relevant substantiated conclusions and their generalisation or comparison. Iron-containing medicines are particularly relevant in modern veterinary medicine for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in piglets. The use of iron dextran preparations is a scientifically sound and necessary preventive measure in modern pig production. Furthermore, the study covered new approaches to the development of effective antianaemic drugs for animals of other species, including calves. The study also covered the controversial issues of the use of iron-containing drugs in pregnant females for the prevention of iron deficiency in animals born from them. The analysis of the literature data presented in this study shows a prominent degree of scientific interest in the study of pharmacological and toxicological properties of iron in high valences (specifically, ferrous iron in clathrochelate form) with a view to their use in medicine. The conducted literature review suggests the multidirectional use of iron-containing drugs in various dosage forms in veterinary medicine. The study identified the key trends in the pharmaceutical market of iron-containing drugs registered in Ukraine. In recent years, there has been a growing body of scientifically based evidence indicating the effectiveness of iron-dextran complex in combination with micro- and macronutrients and vitamins. Currently, the use of iron-containing drugs in the world’s veterinary practice, considering their scientifically and experimentally proven pharmacological properties, is extremely promising. The materials of this study are of practical value for expanding the possibilities of using new forms of iron in veterinary medicine

Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency anaemia among children with sickle cell disease in Dodoma, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are prone to iron profile derangements. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and their predictors among children with SCD aged between 6 months and 14 years. Assessment of the prevalence of IDA and its predictors helps to understand ways of alleviating the magnitude of the problem so as to prevent possible complications such as shortness of breath and chest pain.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analytical hospital-based study which included 174 patients with SCD attending SCD clinics at St. Gema hospital and Dodoma regional referral hospital in Dodoma city from October 2020 to March 2021. The cut-off points for detection of IDA was serum ferritin level < 30 µg/L and low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) for age. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25.0. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of IDA. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe prevalence of IDA in this study was (16.1%, n = 28). Family income of less than 70,000/= TZS/month (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.07–2.49, p = 0.023), being transfused with blood less than 3 times from the time of being diagnosed with SCD (AOR = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.03–8.91, p = 0.046), and eating red meat at least once per month (AOR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.37–9.46, p = 0.010) remained the independent predictors of IDA in multivariate regression analysis.ConclusionThe findings of this study have shown that, support of families with children suffering from SCD in terms of financial support for improving medical services including optimal blood transfusion and affordability of diet which is rich in iron such as red meat is imperative.

Iron Insights: Exploring Age-Specific Variations In Anaemia Prevalence In Islamabad

Background &amp; Introduction: Blood, a specialized connective tissue, facilitates the vital transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, minerals, hormones, and salts throughout the body. Anemia, characterized by reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, often stems from factors such as diminished red blood cell (RBC) synthesis or excessive blood loss. Notably, iron deficiency stands out as a prominent cause, particularly among females of reproductive age, due to factors like inadequate dietary iron intake and menstrual blood loss. Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in both males and females across different age groups. Specifically, we seek to determine the frequency of IDA and its distribution among age cohorts spanning 6-12 years, 13-19 years, and 20-50 years. Methodology: Employing a cross-sectional study design, we surveyed a population of 2071 individuals, selecting a sample of 3[1]24 participants through non-probability convenient sampling methods. Descriptive statistics, facilitated by SPSS, guided our analysis. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin (HB) levels, RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were evaluated to ascertain the hematological status of the study cohort. Results: Our findings reveal notable trends in IDA prevalence across age groups. Among participants aged 16-30 years, IDA incidence stood at 51%, whereas the 31-35 years age group exhibited a 26% prevalence, and the 46-60 years age group recorded a 23% incidence of IDA. Additionally, our analysis indicates a higher prevalence of IDA among females, constituting 65% of all IDA cases, particularly pronounced in the reproductive age bracket of 16-30 years. Conclusion: The study underscores a gender-based discrepancy in IDA prevalence, with females exhibiting a higher incidence compared to males. Notably, females within the reproductive age range of 16-30 years emerge as a particularly vulnerable demographic. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to address iron deficiency, especially among at-risk populations.

Clinical Application of Reticulocyte Maturity Indices in Early Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent global health issue, particularly affecting pregnant females due to increased iron demands during pregnancy. In Pakistan, IDA remains a significant concern, posing challenges to maternal and child health. Early detection and management of iron deficiency are crucial for improving pregnancy outcomes.&#x0D; Objective: This study aims to investigate the iron status and associated hematological parameters among pregnant females during the first trimester in Islamabad, Pakistan.&#x0D; Methodology : This cross-sectional study, conducted in collaboration with the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), aimed to investigate the iron status among first-trimester pregnant females in Islamabad, Pakistan.Laboratory investigations encompassed hemoglobin and serum ferritin assays, reticulocyte counts, and other red blood cell parameters. Participants were categorized into distinct iron status groups based on these evaluations. Utilizing SPSS version 25, statistical analysis followed ethical protocols, striving to uncover discrepancies in hematological parameters across the various iron status groups.&#x0D; Results : Among 340 first-trimester pregnant women, three iron status groups were identified. Group 1 (n = 102) had low ferritin despite normal Hb, with elevated immature reticulocytes. Group 2 (n = 150) showed normal iron parameters, while Group 3 (n = 88) had high reticulocyte counts. Group 2 exhibited superior erythrocyte indices and higher ferritin levels than Groups 1 and 3. Group 3 displayed the poorest indices and elevated immature reticulocytes. These findings highlight variations in iron status and reticulocyte maturation among pregnant women.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study underscores the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among first-trimester pregnant females in Islamabad, Pakistan. Variations in red blood cell parameters and serum ferritin levels highlight the importance of early iron status assessment for optimizing maternal and foetal health outcomes.

Iron Supplementation of Pregnant Sows to Prevent Iron Deficiency Anemia in Piglets: A Procedure of Questionable Effectiveness.

In pigs, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common disorder that occurs during the early postnatal period, leading to the stunted growth and increased mortality of piglets. The main cause of IDA is low iron stores in the liver of newborn piglets; these stores constitute the main source of iron needed to satisfy the erythropoietic requirements of the piglets in their first weeks of life. Insufficient iron stores in piglets are usually due to the inadequate placental iron transfer from the sow to the fetuses. Therefore, iron supplementation in pregnant sows has been implemented to enhance placental iron transfer and increase iron accumulation in the liver of the fetuses. Over the years, several oral and parenteral approaches have been attempted to supplement sows with various iron preparations, and consequently, to improve piglets' red blood cell indices. However, there is debate with regard to the effectiveness of iron supplementation in pregnant sows for preventing IDA in newborn piglets. Importantly, this procedure should be carried out with caution to avoid iron over-supplementation, which can lead to iron toxicity. This article aims to critically review and evaluate the use of iron supplementation in pregnant sows as a procedure for preventing IDA in piglets.

Outcome of Intensive Physical Exercise on the Prevalence of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Saudi Military Trainees

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency (ID) is considered a common health condition among military personnel, particularly soldiers during a period of high-intensity workouts. The causes, prevention, and treatment of ID anemia (IDA) remain the subject of ongoing and extensive research in various populations. AIM: This is the first research to study the outcome of 14 weeks of intensive physical exercise on the prevalence and factors associated with ID and IDA among Saudi military male trainees. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among n = 101 trainees who completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, dietary habits, current or past diagnoses of medical conditions, and physical activity. Two blood samples were collected from each participant to estimate (1) C-reactive protein and iron profile and (2) complete blood counts by the CellDYN Sapphire automated blood cell counter. Hemoglobin (Hb) fractions were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using the TOSOH G8 analyzer to exclude hemoglobinopathy and thalassemia. RESULTS: The prevalence of ID, comprising both ID erythropoiesis and IDA among trainees, was found to be 65.3%. The occurrence of IDA was 5%, while ID erythropoiesis was detected among 60.4%. The prevalence of ID was statistically significantly higher among those drinking coffee during military training (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are recommended to validate this study’s findings by incorporating a larger sample and extending the duration of the training period and examine the mechanisms that explain the increased risk of ID during vigorous military training.

Iron deficiency anemia in hospitalized children

Iron is an abundant element on earth. It is used by nearly all forms of life from micro-organisms to humans for their developmental and survival as it is part of many enzymes involved in biological processes such as DNA synthesis, oxygen transport, and cellular energy production. Anemia is the most widely recognized manifestation of iron deficiency. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, based on age, in 200 hospitalized children 0-14 years old. Hemoglobin &lt;12g/dL was found in 54.5% of children, 69% of the children 0-2years old had Hb&lt;12g/dL, 51% of the children 2-6years old had Hb&lt;12g/dL, and 19% of the children 6-14years old had Hb&lt;12g/dL. In conclusion iron deficiency anemia is prevalent in hospitalized children, infants are the group mostly affected. Iron deficiency anemia is a major health concern as it increases risk of child morbidity, impairs cognitive and physical developmental in children and reduces school performance. It is an easily treated medical condition with excellent outcome, so a meticulous clinical attention and evaluation should be kept for children of any age.

Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity Associated With Anemia Among Female Medical Students at Umm Al-Qura University in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction The obesity epidemic has been linked to a wide range of health and nutritional problems, including anemia, which is often caused by impaired iron metabolism. The World Health Organization considers anemia and obesity to be global health issues among adolescent girls and women experiencing menstruation. This study aims to examine the association between iron deficiency anemia and obesity/overweight among female medical students. Methodology This cross-sectional descriptive study conducted as an online self-administered questionnaire. Furthermore, blood samples were collected from 206 students to evaluate the complete blood count, iron and lipid profile. Results The convenience sampling technique was used and a total of 206 students were enrolled in the study. The average body mass index (BMI) was 22.51 ± 3.25, with 83.5% (n = 172) falling within the normal weight range, 12.6% (n = 26) as overweight, and 3.9% (n = 8) as obese. Anemia was present in 16.0% (n = 33) of the participants overall. Higher prevalence of anemia was observed among overweight participants with 10 out of 26 (38.5%) subjects compared to obese with two out of eight (25.0%) and normal weight 21 out of 172 (12.2%); this difference was highly significant (P = 0.005). Individuals with anemia exhibited a significant association with those experiencing a diet full of unhealthy fats and carbohydrates (P = 0.05) and a diet containing all essential nutrients (P = 0.01). There is no statistically significant correlation between anemia prevalence and participants' response to the presence of signs of anemia, physical activity or other dietary habits. Obese participants had a significantly higher mean value of triglycerides (129.5 ± 20.5) compared to normal weight and overweight participants (74.5 ± 12.02 and 51.2 ± 15.04), respectively (P = 0.001). Conclusion A dependable assembly exists between obesity and overweight in cases of iron deficient anemia. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was substantially higher among overweight/obese females, highlighting that overweight/obesity signifies both quantitative and qualitative malnutrition. A high BMI was associated with elevated triglycerides, typically considered indicators of obesity. This association may suggest compromised iron homeostasis.

The Potency of Typical Plants of Central Sulawesi Province to Prevent Iron Deficiency Anemia: Experimental Study

Background: Central Sulawesi falls within the Wallacea region, making it home to various endemic flora and fauna. One distinctive plant in Central Sulawesi is the Moringa tree. The Moringa tree, especially its leaves, was often used as a culinary ingredient known as sayurkelor in the traditional cuisine of the Kaili ethnic group in Central Sulawesi Province. Objective: This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of moringa leaf extract in increasing hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte count. Method: Twenty-four male Wistar rats strain (Rattusnorvegicus) 9−10 weeks old and 200−250 grams were divided into four groups (n=6), normal as a no treatment, negative control, ethanol extract, and positive control during the 15thday. Blood samples on the 15thday were administered to determine blood count. Result: The resultsof this study showed differences in hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in the four experimental groups.The significant difference in average hemoglobin levels between Group 2 and Group 3 with a P-value &lt;0.05 (P value 0.00). The difference between Group 2 and Group 4 is significant with a P-value &lt;0.05 (P value 0.00), and the difference between Group 3 and Group 4 is significant with a P-value &lt;0.05 (P value 0.03). the significant difference in the average erythrocyte counts between Group 2 and Group 3 with a P-value &lt;0.05 (P value 0.00). The difference between Group 2 and Group 4 is not significant with a P-value &gt;0.05 (P value 0.07). The difference between Group 3 and Group 4 has a P-value &gt;0.05 (P value 0.63). Conclusion: The research results indicate that pregnant Wistar rats experienced hemodilution characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels during pregnancy. However, after being given ethanol extract from moringa leaves, there was an increase in hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels. Keywords: Extract; ethanol; moringa; oleifera; hemoglobin

The effect of Dadih for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls 12-15 years old

Adolescent girls are at risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. Dadih has high nutritional value and iron and probiotics. This study aimed to analyze the effect of administering Dadih to prevent iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls aged 12-15. This study used a randomized controlled trial pre-posttest group design, which consisted of an intervention and control group totalling 40 participants taken randomly at the Sumatera Thawalib Parabek Bukittinggi Islamic Boarding School from February to June 2023. In both groups, serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels were measured before and after treatment for 14 days. The intervention group was administered 100 g of Dadih 1x a day, and the control group was administered a placebo. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon statistical and Paired T-test at a 95%CI. Results: There was a significant difference in the hemoglobin levels before and after treatment (p=0,003). There was no significant difference in serum ferritin levels before and after treatment (p=0,191). In conclusion, the administration of 100 g of dadih did not increase serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels, and the independent administration of 100 g of Dadih to prevent iron deficiency anemia still needs to be considered.