Prevention Of Heart Disease Research Articles

Exploring Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Levels in Iraqi Patients with Stable Angina: Insights from Coronary Angiography Diagnosis

Stable angina is a prevalent heart disease which can be defined as a clinical syndrome of stable coronary artery disease (CAD) that refers to the presence of myocardial ischemia. Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an important biomarker of atherosclerosis progression through pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: The aim was to detect the role of Lp-PLA2 in the diagnosis of patients with stable angina and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Patients and methods: The study design was a case-control study. 90 males and females (age 40-76 years) who were presented with chest pain were enrolled in the study, all were subjected to echocardiography, ECG and coronary angiography by the cardiologist. Besides, patient’s questionnaire and biochemical analysis were also used. According to the angiography, they were divided into two groups: 60 patients and 30 as a control group. Levels of Lp-PLA2, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum were assessed. The biplane M mode method was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Result: It was detected that Lp-PLA2 serum levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the control, (P≤0.01). ROC analysis showed that Lp-PLA2 had specificity of 100% and sensitivity 100%. Conclusion: Measurement of Lp-PLA2 can be applied as an excellent biomarker in the diagnosis of patients with stable angina and normal LV ejection fraction.

METABOLIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMORBIDITIES IN BULGARIAN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL B AND C HEPATITIS

Recent epidemiologic data on chronic viral B and C hepatitis in Bulgaria are limited.The evolution of these infections depends on liver complications and the presence of nonliver comorbidities. The aim of the study was to assess the frequencies of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic viral B and C hepatitis, associated liver cirrhosis and to compare with those of uninfected controls. Material/Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in the period 2003-2023. We included 1803 patients, 474 with chronic hepatitis B, 482 with chronic hepatitis C and 847 uninfected controls. The patient's medical records were analyzed for the presence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Results: The most common comorbidity in the three groups was arterial hypertension, followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus. The frequency increased in chronically infected patients with liver cirrhosis. We observed a higher prevalence of myocardial infarctions in the patients with chronic hepatitis C (p=0.045) and of metabolic syndrome in the hepatitis B group (p=0.028). A higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease was observed in the group with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis (p=0.01). Conclusions: Chronic hepatitis B and C in our groups were associated with significant morbidity, particularly with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The finding was more pronounced in patients with already developed liver cirrhosis.

REM obstructive sleep apnea: prevalence and clinical associations in a high-altitude population.

REM-associated OSA (REM OSA) has a prevalence of 17-74% of all OSA cases. At high altitude and in Latin America, there are no data on REM OSA and its relationship to daytime sleepiness and comorbidities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of REM OSA and the differences in clinical and polysomnographic characteristics between OSA and REM OSA in a population living at 2640 m. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on adults in Bogotá, Colombia between January and December 2022. Patients were considered to have REM- OSA if they had a REM sleep duration of at least 30 minutes and the ratio of REM-AHI to NREM-AHI was > 2, and NREM-AHI < 15. For comparing the OSA and OSA REM groups, the X2 or Fisher's exact test was used for the qualitative variables and Student's t-test or its non-parametric counterpart for the quantitative variables. Patients with REM OSA and mild OSA had more severe nocturnal desaturation indices compared to mild NREM OSA. Patients with OSA had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. REM OSA prevalence in a population living at high altitude was low compared with other studies. The patients with REM OSA and mild OSA had more severe nocturnal desaturation indexes compared to REM OSA at sea level. This study suggests a possible subgroup of patients with mild OSA at high altitude who may benefit from a discussion about initiating CPAP therapy.

Mortality among older adults Jordanians with coronary heart disease: Intelligent algorithms prediction

&lt;b&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/b&gt;Worldwide, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of death. To prevent heart disease and save lives, this study uses a machine learning algorithm (MLA), a subfield of artificial intelligence, to predict death vs. life outcomes among older persons with CHD.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Methods: &lt;/b&gt;Large-scale data was retrieved from the electronic health records of 3,331 elderly patients with congestive heart failure retrospectively. Information was gathered on the population in Jordan who were hospitalized in public health hospitals between 2015 and 2021.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results: &lt;/b&gt;Based on the accuracy level (91.4%) and area under the curve (71.7%) of the eight prediction models created, the Chi-square automatic interaction detector algorithm was chosen to predict death versus life among older adults with CHD. The sequence of death prediction algorithms began with the medical diagnosis, location, age, and pulse pressure.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/b&gt;Attempts should be made to use the expertise of many specialists and clinical screening data gathered from patient databases to speed up the diagnosis process with MLAs, which are thought to be a useful tool for identifying CHD patients who are at high risk of dying.

Numerical Optimization of the Hydraulic and Hemolytic Performance of a Centrifugal Ventricular Assist Device Based on Impeller Flow Passage and Outlet Geometry

As technology continues to advance and modern lifestyles become increasingly mechanized, the prevalence of heart disease is steadily growing. On the other hand, donor hearts ready for transplantation are limited worldwide. Therefore, blood pumps are a suitable alternative to help the patient during the waiting period and even until the end of life. Blood pumps must meet biological requirements, including adequate output pressure and flow rate, within an acceptable margin of safety in the event of blood damage. Reduction of pump size, blood exposure time, and blood damage such as hemolysis have been mentioned as important challenges in the design of blood pumps. Statistics show that 30% of the patients who use a left ventricular blood pump need a right ventricular blood pump due to right ventricular failure. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the geometrical shape of the impellers (flow passage) and the thrust tube geometry of the volute chamber on the pump’s hydraulic performance, the amount of axial and radial forces, and the amount of blood damage. So, for this study, six blades and two types of geometry for the volute chamber thrust tube were designed. This pump has been simulated using computational fluid dynamics used the Ansys CFX 17. Finally, the appropriate pump has been selected for low hemolysis index (HI). The HI calculated using the Lagrangian method is 0.00279 in the pump with a flow rate of 5 L per minute and 1100 rpm.

Real-time Prediction Model for Heart Disease Risk during Medical Consultations and Health Monitoring

In the realm of cardiovascular health, early detection and proactive management of heart disease are critical for improving patient outcomes. This paper introduces a novel real-time prediction model designed to assess heart disease risk during medical consultations and continuous health monitoring. Leveraging advanced machine learning techniques and a diverse dataset comprising patient demographics, medical history, and biometric measurements, our model provides immediate, actionable insights into an individual’s cardiovascular health. The model integrates seamlessly with electronic health record (EHR) systems and wearable health devices, offering real-time risk assessments that aid healthcare professionals in making informed decisions and tailoring personalized treatment plans. Through extensive validation and testing, our model demonstrates high accuracy and reliability, with potential to significantly enhance early intervention strategies and patient engagement in heart disease prevention. This research underscores the transformative potential of real-time predictive analytics in clinical practice and highlights pathways for future development and integration of intelligent health monitoring solutions.

Heart Failure Early Prediction Using Machine And Deep Learning Algorithm

In this article, we use machine learning approaches to give a thorough investigation into the prediction of cardiac illnesses and strokes. The Stroke Prediction Dataset and the Heart Failure Prediction Dataset are the two datasets that we use. Our objective is to maximize accuracy and minimize Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) in order to enhance predictive performance. We use a variety of machine learning methods, such as Random Forests, Naive Bayes, Decision Trees, and k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). We also use Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) as deep learning models. We use oversampling approaches to rectify the imbalance in classes. For hyperparameter tweaking, we also use Grid Search and k-Fold Cross Validation. Our goal is to deliver valuable insights into early detection and preventive measures through comprehensive testing and assessment for prevention of strokes and heart diseases.

Prevalence of valvular heart disease in the echocardiography laboratory of the National Cardiology Center of Nouakchott-Mauritania

Prevalence of valvular heart disease in the echocardiography laboratory of the National Cardiology Center of Nouakchott-Mauritania

Leveraging artificial intelligence for predicting spontaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect in children: a multicentre, retrospective study in China.

Perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) is a prevalent congenital heart disease, presenting challenges in predicting spontaneous closure, which is crucial for therapeutic decisions. Existing models mainly rely on structured echocardiographic parameters or restricted data. This study introduces an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model, which uses natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning with the aim of improving spontaneous closure predictability in PMVSD. We did a multicentre, retrospective analysis using data from 29 142 PMVSD patients across six tertiary centres in China from May, 2004, to September, 2022, for training (70%) and validation (30%; dataset 1, 27 269 patients), and from September, 2001, to December, 2009 for testing (dataset 2, 1873 patients). NLP extracted structured data from echocardiography reports and medical records, which were used to develop machine learning models. Models were evaluated for spontaneous closure occurrence and timing by use of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), decision curve analysis, and calibration index. Spontaneous closure occurred in 3520 patients (12·1%) at a median of 31 months (IQR 16-56). Eleven NLP-derived predictors, identified via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, highlighted the importance of defect morphology and patient age. The random survival forest algorithm, selected for its superior concordance indexes, showed excellent predictive performance with validation set AUCs (95% CI) of 0·95 (0·94-0·96) for 1-year and 3-year predictions, and 0·95 (0·95-0·96) for 5-year predictions; testing set AUCs were 0·95 (0·94-0·97) for 1-year predictions, 0·97 (0·96-0·98) for 3-year predictions, and 0·98 (0·97-0·99) for 5-year predictions. The model showed high clinical utility through decision curve analysis, calibration, and risk stratification, maintaining consistent accuracy across centres and subgroups. This AI-based model for predicting spontaneous closure in PMVSD patients represents a substantial advancement, potentially improving patient management, reducing risks of delayed or inappropriate treatment, and enhancing clinical outcomes. National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Municipal Hospital Clinical Technology Project, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, and Clinical Research Unit of XinHua Hospital.

Nursing Process in Postoperative Preschoolers with Ventricular Septal Defect: A Humanized Approach

The ventricular septal defect (VSD) was identified as the most prevalent congenital heart disease, with a global incidence of 6-8 per 1,000 live births, according to WHO data and regional studies. In Latin America, this condition represented one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality. In Peru, the National Institute of Child Health San Borja estimated that 30% of congenital defects were heart diseases, many of which were associated with genetic alterations such as trisomy 21, 13, or 18.Postoperative management of VSD in preschoolers in cardiovascular intensive care units was considered crucial to prevent complications such as heart failure and ventilatory dysfunction. The nursing process, consisting of the stages of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, was applied as a systematic tool to provide comprehensive care. During the assessment phase, the 11 functional health patterns of Marjory Gordon were used to identify actual and potential problems, while the priority diagnoses included decreased cardiac output, ineffective tissue perfusion, and dysfunctional ventilatory response.Implemented interventions included continuous hemodynamic monitoring, thoracic drain management, infection prevention, and pain control. These actions, along with a humanized approach and emotional support for families, improved clinical outcomes and strengthened the bond between the healthcare team and caregivers. The nursing process was key to ensuring proper recovery and providing quality care to pediatric patients affected by VSD

The description of the development of the photoelectric sensors in detecting heart sound lesions

Cutting-edge developments in medicine require more precise medical equipment and more effective methods. In response to the current societal challenges of an ageing population and the prevalence of coronary heart disease, I propose a photoelectric stethoscope in this study to enhance the diagnostic capabilities of existing medical equipment and reduce the barrier to using traditional stethoscopes. This photoelectric stethoscope, firstly, by pressing its metallic inner chamber closely to the chest, detects heart vibrations and converts them into optical signals with a phase difference using a built-in LED. Secondly, it employs photoelectric conversion to transform the optical signals to electronic signals, which is then filtered and amplified to output the human heart sound signals. Finally, those signals will be collected in large quantities and used for training heart sound models, enabling the photoelectric stethoscope to have the capability to distinguish heart murmurs and pathological sounds among heart sound, which can effectively avoid the drawbacks of using traditional stethoscopes.

Trans-Catheter Device Closure of Atrial Septal Defect in Symptomatic Children Up to 10 Kg of Body Weight: A Multicentric Retrospective Observational Cohort Study to Assess Feasibility, Safety and Midterm Results After Closure

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the second most prevalent congenital heart diseases (CHD) encompassing 8-10% of all CHDs beyond neonatal period. Although relatively benign, if left untreated can amount to several adverse outcomes. Trans-catheter Device closure of ASD is a preferred therapy for a hemodynamically significant shunt. Despite multitude of septal occluders being available these days, paucity of literature concerning appropriateness of device sizing, and various adaptations of techniques for device deployment in large ASDs with deficient rims and their outcomes in children up to 10 kg weight nevertheless still exists. Aims and Methods: A retrospective multi-centric observational study, was conducted in a cohort of children who underwent ASD device closure weighing up to 10 kg conducted over a period of 4 years, to assess its safety and feasibility. Results: Of the included 85 patients, 63% were females and 37% were males with mean age at intervention being 32 months. The mean weight and height were 9.17 Kg and 88 cm respectively. Mean of maximum ASD dimension was 14.92mm. Hemodynamic assessment with invasive PA pressures recordings suggested normal PA pressure in 82%, while 18% had pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mean Qp/Qs and PVR was 2.58 and 1.8 Wood units respectively. Average device: weight ratio was 1.9. Arrhythmias occurred in 6 children, five had Adenosine sensitive SVTs and one had persisting CHB necessitating surgical device retrieval and Permanent pacemaker implantation. No mortality occurred in this study. Conclusion: Trans-catheter closure of ASD is indeed safe and effective procedure if performed in children weighing up to 10 Kg, in a hemodynamically significant shunt, adopting modified techniques, even in presence of flimsy or deficient rims with device weight ratio up to 3:1

Nursing Documents and Documentation for Patients with Heart Diseases; Could Be Made Easier

The review article on documents and documentation for heart disease patients was conceived due to the rising prevalence of heart disease among non-communicable diseases. It highlights the need for quality nursing care through effective assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Proper communication among healthcare providers, facilitated by standardized documentation, is essential for documenting patient history and care effectively. The objectives aim to expose many documents for use in the care of cardiac patients, to describe standardized documents used in the care of cardiac patients, and explore difficulties faced with accurate documentation. Information has been sourced from websites, text books, journals, and institutions of health. Results show that Standardized documents ensure that all relevant information is consistently captured, thus reducing the risk of errors and omissions. These documents include, nursing assessment sheets, intake and output charts, nursing care plans, weight monitoring sheets, discharge summaries/ reports, flow sheets, patient’s progress notes, heparin administration form, digitalis/digoxin monitoring charts. It has also been revealed that algorithm sheets for vital signs, weight monitoring sheets, and flow sheets for laboratory results are important. Nursing documentation is shown to be a critical component of patient care, particularly for patients with heart diseases. The recommendations are, that continuous professional training be focused on identifying the best practices for implementing standardized documents for documentation in various healthcare settings, with a particular focus on the care of patients with heart diseases.

Herbal medicine for secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease

The use of herbal medicine in global clinical practice has its roots in the distant past. Research into the application of healing herbs in medicine continues. The article describes an approach to the use of the phytotherapeutic agent “Normavit” in the secondary prevention of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. The article was prepared based on the author’s observations.

Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease in Children and Adolescents Under 18 in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

There are limited population-based studies on congenital heart disease (CHD) in the pediatric population in Africa. Technological advancements in diagnostic tools have resulted in multiple echocardiographic studies in hospital settings. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CHD in both settings (population-based and hospital based) followed by comparing the two estimates for a difference. We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, and African Index Medicus for eligible studies from 1992 through 2022. We performed a meta-analysis using the random-effects model. We selected 42 studies; 10 population studies with 1,011,163 participants, and 32 hospital-based studies with 605,268 patients for the analyses. The population and hospital-based prevalence were 5.12 versus 12.63 per 1,000 population of children (P = .007). Ventricular septal defect was the most common type of CHD in both settings (0.61 vs 1.88 per 1,000), followed by atrial septal defect (0.26 vs 0.68 per 1,000). Tetralogy of Fallot was the most common cyanotic heart lesion in both settings (0.08 vs 0.52 per 1,000). The population-based prevalence of CHD was significantly lower than the hospital-based prevalence (5.12 vs 12.63 per 1,000 population of children). Juxtaposing these two prevalence estimates against each other can be a reasonable alternative to quantifying the contemporary burden of CHD in the pediatric population of Africa. Moving forward, efforts should bolster awareness of CHD in Africa, and further advocacy for children with CHD should be a priority on the continent.

Relationship Self-Management Level of Hypertension Patients Towards Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Most hypertension sufferers are not very strict in controlling themselves and managing their blood pressure to prevent complications. One of the significant risk factors for heart disease is hypertension. This study aims to ascertain if hypertension patients' degree of self-management and the prevalence of coronary heart disease are related. This specific type of research uses a cross-sectional study design and is quantitative. Purposive sampling is employed. The Slovin formula is used to compute the sample. The study's total sample was 109 outpatients with hypertension from the internal medicine polyclinic of Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital. This study used the HSMBQ (Hypertension Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire) questionnaire by Nargis Akther to measure the level of self-management of hypertension with coronary heart disease. The data analysis used was a univariate test, and the risk level was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score and the chi-square bivariate test. Results show that the study's p-value=0.048 (&lt;0.05) suggests a significant correlation between hypertension patients' degree of self-management and the prevalence of coronary heart disease. Most individuals fall into the category of having an adequate level of self-management. The majority of the 76 people (69.7%) with intermediate levels of self-management had a minor risk of coronary heart disease. The results of the study showed a significant relationship between the incidence of coronary heart disease and the level of self-control in hypertensive patients. Promotive and preventive efforts through educational approaches and structured interventions are essential to improve the quality of self-control in hypertensive patients.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Valvular Heart Disease, 1990 to 2021.

Valvular heart disease poses an escalating global health challenge with an increasing impact on mortality and disability. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the global burden of valvular heart disease. Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, we analyzed the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years, examining implications across demographics and geographic regions. In 2021, an estimated 54.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 43.3-67.6) cases of rheumatic heart disease, 13.3 million (95% UI, 11.4-15.2) cases of nonrheumatic calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), and 15.5 million (95% UI, 14.5-16.7) cases of nonrheumatic degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) were reported globally. Despite the rising prevalence, disability-adjusted life years declined between 1991 and 2021. Among individuals aged 70 years or older, the age-standardized prevalences were 1803.6 per 100 000 (95% UI, 1535.5-2055.7) for CAVD and 2148.9 per 100 000 (95% UI, 2001.4-2310.1) for DMVD. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest age-standardized prevalence for rheumatic heart disease; Conversely, high-income regions led in CAVD and DMVD prevalence. Rheumatic heart disease had the highest age-standardized prevalence of 1184.2 per 100 000 (95% UI, 932.4-1478.2) in low Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions, whereas CAVD peaked at 349.8 per 100 000 (95% UI, 303.6-395.8) in high SDI regions. The most substantial increases in age-standardized prevalences of CAVD from 1990 to 2021 occurred in the middle SDI and low-middle SDI regions. A parallel trend was noted for DMVD. Rheumatic heart disease remains a significant burden in low SDI regions, whereas CAVD and DMVD pose challenges in high SDI regions with aging populations.

Trends in Coconut Brown Sugar Production – A Review of Health and Future Prospect in the Industry

In recent times, several publications on processing of brown coconut sugar have been carried out, which present an excellent option for health-conscious consumers in the global market. The goal was to discuss and present recent developments in the industry, highlight the numerous health benefits and forecast into the future prospects of the industry. From the discussion, coconut sugar contains all the essential amino acids, various vitamins, minerals, phenolic and antioxidant compounds. These antioxidants are very important in the prevention of heart disease, cancer and inflammatory diseases, whilst the polyphenols inhibited the formation of cancer cells by reducing DNA hypermethylation. Vitamins also play an important role in metabolic reactions by acting as transcription effectors and electron donors. Coconut sugar is also known to prevent kidney stone formation and renal diseases by flushing out formed stones and plays an important role in the revitalization and proper functioning of the kidney due to its high potassium content. With a global trade volume of USD 1.33 billion and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8%, the industry has great prospects. However, restraints such as high labor intensity, environment-friendly demand, and lack of mechanization require immediate attention to salvage the industry.

The role of the inflammatory protein Pentraxin 3 as a biomarker in patients with ischemic heart disease

Atherosclerosis is a generalised process with a long latent period. Its manifestations in the context of ischemic heart disease are acute coronary syndrome and chronic coronary syndrome. Vascular inflammation is an integral part of the development and complications of atherosclerosis. Although primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease has received much attention in clinical practice, the role of vascular inflammation remains incompletely understood and studied. Pentraxin 3 is an inflammatory biomarker that has the potential to be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in cardiology due to its local secretion from the vascular endothelium with peak values in the setting of acute coronary syndrome within 6-8 hours from symptom onset. The aim of this review is to examine the available evidence in the literature for its use in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Prevalence of Fetal Heart Disease in Pregnant Women Referred to a Specialized Service Due to Cardiac Abnormalities on Morphological Ultrasound

Prevalence of Fetal Heart Disease in Pregnant Women Referred to a Specialized Service Due to Cardiac Abnormalities on Morphological Ultrasound