Prevalence Rate Of Cancer Research Articles

Late stage and grave prognosis of esophageal cancer in Thailand.

Esophageal cancer is one of the major health concerns in Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, only a limited number of studies have been reported from this region. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and survival rate of esophageal cancer in Thailand. Clinical information, histological features and endoscopic findings were collected from a tertiary care center in central region of Thailand between September 2011- November 2014 and reviewed. A total of 64 esophageal cancer patients including 58 men and 6 women with mean age of 62.6 years were enrolled. Common presenting symptoms were dysphagia (74%), dyspepsia (10%) and hematemesis (8%). Mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 72 days. Esophageal stenosis with contact bleeding was the most common endoscopic finding (55.6%). The location of cancer was found in proximal (16%), middle (50%) and distal (34%) esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma was far more common histology than adenocarcinoma (84.2% vs 10.5%). However, esophageal adenocarcinoma was significantly more common than squamous cell carcinoma in distal area of esophagus (100% vs 22.9%; p=0.0001, OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.1-2.2). Esophageal cancer stages 3 and 4 accounted for 35.2% and 59.3% respectively. Overall 2-year survival rate was 20% and only 16% in metastatic patients. Most esophageal cancer patients in Thailand have squamous cell carcinoma and nearly all present at advanced stage with a grave prognosis. Screening of high risk individuals and early detection might be important keys to improve the survival rate and treatment outcome in Thailand.

Estimating cancer incidence, prevalence, and the number of cancer patients treated with antitumor therapy in 2015 and 2020 - analysis of the Czech National Cancer Registry.

Cancer burden in the Czech population ranks among the highest worldwide, which introduces a strong need for a prospective modelling of cancer incidence and prevalence rates. Moreover, a prediction of number of cancer patients requiring active antitumor therapy is also an important issue. This paper presents the stage-specific predictions of cancer incidence and prevalence, and the stage- and region-specific patients requiring active antitumor therapy for the most common cancer diagnoses in the Czech Republic for years 2015 and 2020. The stage-specific estimates are also presented with regard to the treatment phase as newly diagnosed patients, patients treated for non-terminal recurrence, and patients treated for terminal recurrence. Data of the Czech National Cancer Registry from 1977 to 2011 has been used for the analysis, omitting the records of patients diagnosed as death certificate only or at autopsy. In total, 1,777,775 incidences have been considered for the estimation using a statistical model utilizing solely the population-based cancer registry data. All estimates have been calculated with respect to the changing demographic structure of the Czech population and the clinical stage at diagnosis. Considering year 2011 as the baseline, we predict 89%, 15%, 31% and 32% increase in prostate, colorectal, female breast and lung cancer incidence, respectively, in 2020 resulting in 13,153, 9,368, 8,695, and 8,604 newly dia-g--nosed cancer patients in that year, respectively. Regarding cancer prevalence in 2020, the estimated increase is 140%, 40%, 51%, and 17% for prostate, colorectal, female breast and lung cancer, respectively, meaning that more than 100,000 prevalent female breast cancer patients as well as more than 100,000 prevalent prostate cancer patients are expected in the Czech Republic. The estimated numbers of patients requiring active antitumor therapy for prostate, colorectal, female breast and lung cancer in the Czech Republic in 2020 are 23,652, 14,006, 14,759 and 8,272; respectively. The analysis documents a serious increase in cancer incidence and prevalence in the Czech Republic in years 2015 and 2020 when compared to the situation in 2011. Regarding the estimated numbers of patients requiring active antitumor therapy, the model confirms a continuous increase that must be accounted for in the future planning of health care in the Czech Republic.

Prevalence of Cancer in Female Plastic Surgeons in the United States

Objective: Several female sub-populations of the healthcare industry, including radiologists, radiology technicians, and orthopedic surgeons, display an increased prevalence of breast cancer. Female plastic surgeons have a similar exposure to possible risk factors such as radiation exposure, late parturition, and overnight shifts. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the risk of breast cancer and overall cancer in female plastic surgeons. Methods: A two-page survey designed to collect data on respondent demographics, cancer incidence and exposure to social and occupational risk factors as identified in the current literature was mailed to 612 currently practicing female plastic surgeons identified by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). Prevalence rates for breast cancer and cancer in general were calculated. Only melanoma and internal cancers that were diagnosed within 15 years of the survey date were included, enabling us to compare the results with data from the National Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER 11) Program. Standardized prevalence ratios (SPR), confidence intervals, and exact p-values were calculated. Results: Fourteen of the 352 respondents had been diagnosed with cancer, including three breast cancer cases, within 15 years preceeding the survey. These numbers are not signficantly lower than the expected prediction of 16 cancer and six breast cancer cases, based on the sex and race-specific prevalences in the general U.S. population. SPRs were 0.89 [95%CI: 0.49 to 1.5] for all cancers and 0.54 [95%CI: 0.11, 1.57] for breast cancer. Conclusion: Despite similarities to subpopulations with increased breast and overall cancer prevalence, the subpopulation of female plastic surgeons had no evdience of excess cancers compared to age and race-adjusted women in the general US population.

Knowledge and attitude of Uyghur women in Xinjiang province of China related to the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer.

BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the commonest causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The prevalence rate of cervical cancer in Uyghur women in Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China has been remarkably higher than the ethnic groups living in the same region. This study aimed to assess the knowledge level and attitude of cervical cancer and its issues among the Uyghur women in Xinjiang province of China.MethodsA cross-sectional interview-based survey of 5,000 Uyghur women was developed from 2013 to 2014 in Xinjiang autonomous region, to assess their knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and its issues. The collection of data was based on the questionnaire items.ResultsAccording to the questionnaire items, we collected a data for 5,000 participants. A very small proportion of participants had heard of the cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccine, that is, 27.0%, 13.0% and, 6.0%, respectively. According to the demographic characteristics, women aged 31 to 40 years were more aware of the knowledge of cervical cancer (32.9%), HPV (17.8%), and HPV vaccine (9.1%), and women with undergraduate or higher educational level had more knowledge of cervical cancer (30.0%), HPV (21.0%), and HPV vaccine (9.7%).ConclusionsFrom our study, we concluded that Uyghur women need more information about cervical cancer and its risk factors. Lack of the related knowledge about cervical cancer may be one of the important factors for high incidence rate of cervical cancer in Uyghur population. In order to reduce the incidence rate and mortality of cervical cancer in Uyghur women and to make extensive health education to raise awareness of cervical cancer and HPV is strongly needed than prophylactic vaccination.

Structural and sociocultural factors associated with cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected African American women in Alabama.

African American women have disproportionately high prevalence rates of HIV and cervical cancer. HIV-infected women are significantly less likely to obtain recommended cervical cancer screenings than HIV-uninfected women. The purpose of this study was to examine sociocultural and structural factors associated with cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected African American in Alabama. The PEN-3 Model and the Health Belief Model were used as theoretical frameworks. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty HIV-infected African American women to identify perceptions, enablers, and nurturers, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived benefits related to cervical cancer and screening. The most common positive perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that contributed to cervical cancer screening included internal motivation and awareness of the importance of HIV-infected women getting Pap tests due to their weakened immune system. Negative perceptions, enablers, and nurturers included lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, and lack of perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer. The results of this study can be used to guide the development of culturally relevant cervical cancer and screening education interventions aimed at increasing cervical cancer screening adherence among HIV-infected African American women.

스크리닝 초음파검사와 자가진단에 의한 20대 성인의 갑상선 평가

한국중앙암등록본부는 2011년도 남녀 전체에서 갑상선암의 유병률을 19.6%(1위)로 보고했다. 특히 여자는 5배정도 많이 발생하였으며, 전체 여성암 중 31.1%(1위)를 차지했다. 연령군별 갑상선암 발생 현황에서도 조발생률이 15~34세 군에서 남녀 모두 가장 높게 나타났다. 이처럼 갑상선은 다른 질환에 비교하여 호르몬의 영향이 크다. 따라서 활동력이 왕성한 중간 연령대인 20~25세 사이의 젊은 층의 경우 정기적인 검진이 필요하다. 본 연구는 이러한 중간층에 속하는 20~25세 연령 군에서 자가검진 평가와 초음파 스크리닝 영상 분석을 실시하여 갑상선의 변화를 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 전체 대상자 457명 중 213명(46.6%)이 초음파검사 영상에서 갑상선에 비정상 에코 패턴이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 여자의 비정상 패턴은 석회화 낭성이 73.4%, 미만성저에코가 11.8%, 낭성 에코가 7.3%로 확인되었다. 남자는 석회화 낭성이 61.1%, 협부(Isthmus)의 크기 증가가 19.4%, 미만성저에코가 13.9% 등의 순으로 조사되었다. 자가진단의 기능항진증분석 결과, 초음파 검사에서 비정상 에코 패턴으로 확인된 대상자들의 평균 점수가 6.85점이고, 정상은 5.88점 이였다. 비정상 응답자가 약 15% 높게 나타났다. Korea Central Cancer Registry reported in 2011 that the prevalence rate of thyroid cancer was about 19.6% (the highest) in both men and women. The ratio of thyroid cancer, among cancers that women suffer from, was about 31.1%, the highest among female cancers and about five times more than men. Regarding the incidence of thyroid cancer by age group, the crude rate was highest in women and men aged 15~34. From these figures it can be inferred that there is a greater relationship between thyroid cancer and hormones compared with other cancers. Therefore, young women aged 20~25, even if they are in full health, should undergo a medical examination. This study is aimed at examining changes in thyroid gland detected through self evaluation tests and the analysis of ultrasound screening images in persons aged 20~25. According to the study, 213 persons (about 46.6%) out of 457 people who took part in the study had abnormal echo patterns. With regard to women's abnormal patterns, about 73.4% of them were found to have calcified cystic, 11.8% diffuse-type low-echo and 7.3% cystic echo. With regard to male participants, about 61.1% were found to have calcified cystic, followed by 19.4% with the size of the isthmus increased and 13.9% with diffuse-type low-echo. According to the outcomes of an analysis regarding self-testing for hyperthyroidism, the average points of participants who were found to have abnormal echo patterns in ultrasound tests were 6.85 and the figure was 5.88 in persons with normal patterns. The figure was about 15% higher in abnormal respondents.

Abstract A90: Changes in lung cancer rate over four years in a tobacco producing state: Examining the effect of race and gender

Abstract Objective: According to a recent CDC report, lung cancer rates have declined in several states during 19975-2005. Tennessee, being a tobacco producing State, has received a large settlement from the tobacco industry and engaged in quit smoking program since 2006. Effective October 2007, the state also banned smoking in public places. However, the effect of this ban and smoking cessation program on lung cancer rates remains unknown. This presentation examines whether the lung cancer rates have changed over four years (2005-2008), and whether they vary by race and gender. Methods: We extracted relevant data pertaining to primary diagnosis of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, ICD-9 codes of 160-165) and demographics from Tennessee Hospital Discharge Data system (HDDS) for 2005-2008. Data for each year pertained to 3,500 patients, mostly white (79%) and males (56.8%) with an average age of 66 years. To examine the effect of race and gender on cancer rate, we computed lung cancer prevalence rates per CDC procedures for age-adjusted rates (per 100,000 hospitalized patient population standardized to 2000 Census). Results: Our analyses show that the overall rates of lung cancer increased during four years by 26.3% (from 61.6/100K in 2005 to 77.8/100K in 2008). The increase was larger for blacks than whites (66.0% vs. 42.2%, p<.001). In general, in each year, rates were higher for blacks than whites (48.2 vs. 46.2 in 2005, 57.9 vs. 54.5 in 2006, 71.1 vs. 64.9 in 2007, and 80.0 vs. 65.7 in 2008). Similarly in each year, rates were higher for males than females (75.5 vs. 50.6 in 2005, 75.2 vs. 48.1 in 2006, 92.1 vs. 62.1 in 2007, and 93.8 vs. 65.3 in 2008). Further analyses revealed that (i) higher black rates were largely driven by higher rates among black males, and (ii) rates increased linearly from ages 45 through 74 years, and this was true for both black and white patients (both males and females). After age 84, rates dropped dramatically reflecting increasing mortality. Conclusion: Lung cancer rates have increased for both blacks and males. However, it is too early to tell if smoking cessation programs, banning asbestos use and smoking in public places will produce the desired decline in lung cancer rates. The results at present point to the need for more population-based intensive smoking cessation programs in Tennessee to lower lung cancer rates. Citation Format: Baqar A. Husaini, Van Cain, Mehhan Novotny, Zaheed Samad, Robert Levine. Changes in lung cancer rate over four years in a tobacco producing state: Examining the effect of race and gender. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A90. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A90

Incidental prostate cancer prevalence at radical cystoprostatectomy--importance of the histopathological work-up.

The reported incidental prostate cancer prevalence rates at radical cystoprostatectomy cover a range from 4 to 60 %. We investigated the influence of the histopathological work-up on prostate cancer prevalence rates. We identified 114 patients who had undergone cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer between 2000 and 2012. Complete histopathological assessment was defined as follows: (i) complete embedding of the prostate gland, (ii) sectioning of 15 or more prostate sections, and (iii) processing as whole mount slides. Prostate cancer prevalence rates derived from complete and incomplete histopathological assessments were compared. The overall prostate cancer prevalence rate was 59.6 %. A mean of 14.4 macroscopic tissue sections (thickness 3-5 mm) were sectioned. Sectioning ≥15 sections resulted in a prostate cancer detection rate of 75 %, compared to 42.6 % when sectioning <15 sections (p < 0.001). Complete embedding yielded a prostate cancer detection rate of 72.3 and of 23.1 % for partly embedded prostates (p < 0.0001). Prostate cancer was detected in 68.8 % of the whole mounted samples and in 38.2 % of the samples sectioned as standard slides (p < 0.01); according to the criteria described by Epstein and Ohori, 44.1 % of the detected prostate cancers were clinically significant. The quality of the histopathological work-up significantly influences prostate cancer detection rates and might at least partially explain the highly variable reported incidental prostate cancer prevalence rates at cystoprostatectomy (CP). The high proportion of significant prostate cancer found in our series calls for a careful surgical approach to the prostate during CP.

Abstract 4134: Prevalence of cervical cancer and associated mortality in Grenada: A ten-year analysis (2000 - 2010)

Abstract According to recent WHO estimates, cervical cancer is ranked as the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among women ages 15 - 44 years in the Caribbean and disproportionately affects developing countries. Globally, 80 to 85% of deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. However, little is known about cervical cancer burden in much of the Eastern Caribbean and particularly for Grenada, West Indies. Grenada is a Tri-Island state comprised of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, with a population of 35,000 women ages 15 years and older who are at risk of developing cervical cancer. To investigate cervical cancer prevalence and its associated mortality, a study was conducted on de-identified records obtained from the Grenada General Hospital Histopathology Laboratory of women who visited hospital and clinic facilities during 2000 - 2010. Ten years of hand-written records (12,016 entries) were compiled into an electronic master sheet, and cervical cancer prevalence was assessed. Of the 12,016 entries, 9,003 were female (7,160 individuals) between ages 8 - 94 years. Sampling without replacement resulted in inclusion of 2,524 entries for analysis. Identified cancer cases were matched to corresponding patient data from death registries collected at the Ministry of Health and used to identify and calculate associated mortality rates. The highest rates of cervical cancer occurred in the 35 - 44 year age group followed by the 45 - 64 age group. Prevalence rate of cervical cancer was determined as 52.4 per 100,000 women (ages 15 and above). A total of 65 deaths attributable to cervical cancer occurred during 2000 - 2010, with women over 65 years old experiencing a majority of these deaths. The mortality rate was determined to be 16.7 per 100,000, almost twice the rates estimated by WHO for the region or reported for the previous decade (9.7 per 100,000). This study reports data that demonstrate the need for a comprehensive cervical cancer-screening program in Grenada. It should be used in the generation of public health policy and should aid future studies in determining how to appropriately execute public health policy for screening, prevention, and control of cervical cancer in Grenada. Citation Format: Avi' A T Bahadoor - Yetman, Laura Riley, Ashley Gibbons, Paul J. Fields, Veronica Mapp-Alexander, Robert Hage, Amy Baldwin. Prevalence of cervical cancer and associated mortality in Grenada: A ten-year analysis (2000 - 2010). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4134. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4134

Quality of life after cancer – the influence of age and sex

Introduction: The question of how quality of life is affected by cancer becomes more important as cancer prevalence and survival rates rise. Schwarz & Hinz [1] measured quality of life in a healthy population and found that it decreases with increasing age and women tend to show more symptoms than men. The aim of this study was to find out how these differences become manifest in a population of cancer patients.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis will increase the risk of lung cancer

Objective To review the studies investigating the increased risk of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Data sources Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed and Medline from 1999 to 2013 and highly regarded older publications were also included. Study selection We identified, retrieved and reviewed the information on the frequency, risk factors, anatomical features, histological types, clinical manifestations, computed tomography findings and underlying mechanisms of lung cancer in IPF patients. Results The prevalence rates of lung cancer in patients with IPF (4.8% to 48%) are much higher than patients without IPF (2.0% to 6.4%). The risk factors for lung cancer in IPF include smoking, male gender, and age. Lung cancers often occur in the peripheral lung zones where fibrotic changes are predominant. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of lung cancer in patients with IPF. Radiologic features of these patients include peripherally located, ill-defined mass mimicking air-space disease. The underlying mechanisms of the development of lung cancer in patients with IPF have not been fully understood, but may include the inflammatory response, epithelial injury and/or abnormalities, aberrant fibroblast proliferation, epigenetic and genetic changes, reduced cell-to-cell communication, and activation of specific signaling pathways. Conclusions These findings suggest that IPF is associated with increased lung cancer risk. It is necessary to raise the awareness of lung cancer risk in IPF patients among physicians and patients.

Exploring the decision to participate in the National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and one of the most feared diseases in modern society. A combination of early detection, accurate diagnosis and effective treatment provides the best defence against cancer morbidity; therefore, promoting cancer awareness and encouraging cancer screening is a priority in any comprehensive cancer control policy. Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in the UK and in an effort to reduce the high incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality rates, the National Health Service (NHS) has introduced the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NHS BCSP). For the NHS BCSP to succeed in its goal of reducing the incidence and prevalence rates for colorectal cancer, individuals need to be persuaded to complete the test. Since it was first introduced in 2007, however, participation rates have been low. In an effort to understand why participation rates remain low, this article reports on the findings of a series of focus groups conducted in the East Midlands of England. These focus groups were designed to explore the factors that influence an individual's decision to participate in cancer screening. The findings revealed eight factors that affected participation in the NHS BCSP: (i) the association of screening with entry into old age; (ii) prior experience with health systems; (iii) the support of a significant other; (iv) individual perceptions of risk (and benefit); (v) fear of becoming a cancer patient after the screening test; (vi) lack of disease symptoms; (vii) embarrassment associated with completing the test and (viii) messages that adopt a paternalistic ethos. Overall, our results suggest that more people may participate in the screening programme if it was more sensitive to these psychosocial and contextual factors that shape an individual's decision to be tested.

P-0170 - Epidemiology of Rectal Cancer in the Regions of Varna and Dobrich, Bulgaria

Introduction: Incidence and prevalence rates of rectal cancer continuously grow in Bulgaria in spite of the various preventive campaigns. The objective of this study was to analyze the annual dynamics of several demographic and clinical parameters of rectal cancer in two regions in North-Eastern Bulgaria served by the Specialized Oncologic Hospital of Varna. Methods: An epidemiological analysis of data from patient's registry of the Specialized Oncologic Hospital of Varna for 2004-2013 as well as from ‘Cancer Incidence in Bulgaria’, the official publication of the National Centre of Oncology of Sofia for 2004-2010 concerning the patients from the regions of Varna and Dobrich was carried out. Results: Both incidence and prevalence rates of rectal cancer in both genders and most age groups increased. Cancer incidence rate of male rectal cancer in the region of Varna increased from 26.8 in 2008 to 32.4 in 2013 while that of female one - from 14,9 to 22.3 per 100000, respectively. The corresponding figures concerning the region of Dobrich were the following: 14.8, 21.5; 9.6 and 14.7. In 2010, the region of Varna was fourth among all 30 regions in Bulgaria concerning the age-adjusted (world standard) incidence rate of female rectal cancer per 100000 and fifth concerning that of male one. There was a gradual increasing of the number and percentage of the newly-diagnosed rectal cancer cases during this period in both regions. The percentage of the early-diagnosed cases in the region of Varna increased from 41.7% in 2012 up to 49.2% in 2013 while that in the region of Dobrich did from 54.3% up to 54.5% only. All the newly-diagnosed cases were morphologically verified. In 2004-2008, males aged between 61 and 70 years and females aged between 71 and 80 years (35.65% and 30.47% of the cases, respectively) were most commonly affected. In 2009-2013, both male and female patients aged between 61 and 70 years (35.73% and 37.50% of the cases, respectively) were most affected. As a whole, this age group was most affected followed by the age group between 71 and 80 years (34.37% and 29.43% of the cases, respectively). It was an alarming fact that four patients were aged up to 30 years only and 17 ones were aged between 31 and 40 years. Male patients' mean age was similar (65.82 and 65.47 years) during these two periods while female patients' one slightly increased during the second period (from 66.91 to 67.77 years). In 2009-2013, radical surgical treatment was performed in 58.33% of the patients. The age-adjusted (world standard) mortality rate slightly decreased during the recent years for both genders in Bulgaria and in these two regions as well. Conclusion: Our results revealed a relatively unfavourable socio-epidemiological picture of this disease. Despite the continuous improvement of the diagnostic capacities, surgical opportunities and preventive programs for rectal cancer in Bulgaria, this malignancy is still widely disseminated. Its prognosis remains relatively poor.

MP63-14 MULTICENTER VALIDATION STUDY OF A TISSUE METHYLATION ASSAY TO PREDICT HISTOPATHOLOGICALLY CANCER-NEGATIVE REPEAT PROSTATE BIOPSIES

You have accessJournal of UrologyProstate Cancer: Detection & Screening III1 Apr 2014MP63-14 MULTICENTER VALIDATION STUDY OF A TISSUE METHYLATION ASSAY TO PREDICT HISTOPATHOLOGICALLY CANCER-NEGATIVE REPEAT PROSTATE BIOPSIES Alan Partin, Eric Klein, Leonard Marks, Jason Gee, Dean Troyer, Leslie Mangold, Kimberly Christ, Joseph Bigley, Leander Van Neste, and Jonathan Epstein Alan PartinAlan Partin More articles by this author , Eric KleinEric Klein More articles by this author , Leonard MarksLeonard Marks More articles by this author , Jason GeeJason Gee More articles by this author , Dean TroyerDean Troyer More articles by this author , Leslie MangoldLeslie Mangold More articles by this author , Kimberly ChristKimberly Christ More articles by this author , Joseph BigleyJoseph Bigley More articles by this author , Leander Van NesteLeander Van Neste More articles by this author , and Jonathan EpsteinJonathan Epstein More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1951AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES A negative initial prostate biopsy in conjunction with persistent risk factors, such as increased PSA, often lead to rebiopsy. A multicentered US trial was performed among PSA-screened men to validate a multiplex epigenetic assay used to detect DNA-methylation events in histopathologically negative for cancer initial prostate biopsies. The epigenetic assay complements the pathologic review resulting in a higher negative predictive value (NPV). The assay provides additional molecular information, based on cancer-associated epigenetic changes, to avoid unnecessary repeat prostate biopsies METHODS The DOCUMENT (Detection of Cancer Using Methylated Events in Negative Tissue) study evaluated 3687 histopathologically-negative biopsy core samples from 350 men from 5 urologic centers. All subjects had a repeat biopsy within 24 months with a positive (cases) or negative (controls) histopathological result. All cores from the initial and repeat biopsies were subjected to blinded centralized pathology (J.E.). Patients with ASAP in the first biopsy were excluded, however HGPIN was accepted. Gene markers GSTP1, APC and RASSF1 were tested with a multiplexed methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assay to validate the results from the European MATLOC study. The cancer prevalence rate of the DOCUMENT cohort was adjusted to 18% to allow direct comparison. The predetermined analytical gene marker cutoffs from MATLOC were used to demonstrate clinical performance. RESULTS The epigenetic assay resulted in an NPV of 88% (95% confidence interval (CI), 85-91%), a sensitivity of 60% (95% CI, 50-71%) and specificity of 64% (95% CI, 57-70%). Detection of cancer-associated DNA-methylation in the first biopsy was associated with an odds ratio of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.27-4.01; p = 0.004) when corrected for other risk factors such as histopathology (p=0.040), age (p=0.046), PSA (p=0.254) and race (p=0.758). CONCLUSIONS The DOCUMENT study validates this epigenetic assay as a significant, independent predictor for the absence of prostate cancer in a repeat biopsy in this US population. These findings are consistent with and confirm the results from the earlier European MATLOC study, demonstrating an NPV of 90% (95% CI, 86-94%). The consistently high NPV of the epigenetic assay is significantly higher than the use of standard histopathology alone. The addition of this test to other commonly known risk factors can be used to reduce unnecessary repeat prostate biopsies. © 2014FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 4SApril 2014Page: e713-e714 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014MetricsAuthor Information Alan Partin More articles by this author Eric Klein More articles by this author Leonard Marks More articles by this author Jason Gee More articles by this author Dean Troyer More articles by this author Leslie Mangold More articles by this author Kimberly Christ More articles by this author Joseph Bigley More articles by this author Leander Van Neste More articles by this author Jonathan Epstein More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

MP63-15 THE PROFILE FEASIBILITY STUDY: GENETIC PROSTATE CANCER RISK STRATIFICATION FOR TARGETED SCREENING

(MSP) assay to validate the results from the European MATLOC study. The cancer prevalence rate of the DOCUMENT cohort was adjusted to 18% to allow direct comparison. The predetermined analytical gene marker cutoffs from MATLOC were used to demonstrate clinical performance. RESULTS: The epigenetic assay resulted in an NPV of 88% (95% confidence interval (CI), 85-91%), a sensitivity of 60% (95% CI, 50-71%) and specificity of 64% (95% CI, 57-70%). Detection of cancerassociated DNA-methylation in the first biopsy was associated with an odds ratio of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.27-4.01; p 1⁄4 0.004) when corrected for other risk factors such as histopathology (p1⁄40.040), age (p1⁄40.046), PSA (p1⁄40.254) and race (p1⁄40.758). CONCLUSIONS: The DOCUMENT study validates this epigenetic assay as a significant, independent predictor for the absence of prostate cancer in a repeat biopsy in this US population. These findings are consistent with and confirm the results from the earlier European MATLOC study, demonstrating an NPV of 90% (95% CI, 86-94%). The consistently high NPV of the epigenetic assay is significantly higher than the use of standard histopathology alone. The addition of this test to other commonly known risk factors can be used to reduce unnecessary repeat prostate biopsies.

DO INDIVIDUALS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS RECEIVE EQUITABLE CARE IN THE LAST YEAR OF LIFE?

IntroductionDo individuals with severe mental illness receive equitable care in the last year of life? People living with severe mental illness (SMI) have higher morbidity rates compared to general population....

Kaurenoic Acid Isolated from the Root Bark of Annona senegalensis Induces Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects against PANC-1 and HeLa cells

Aims: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with an estimated 6.7 million deaths and 24.6 million people living with cancer in 2002. Presently, there is a global increase in prevalence, mortality and health burden of various malignancies. World Health Organization (WHO) report projected that cancer prevalence rates could further increase by 50% to 15 million new cases in the year 2020. The bioactivity guided isolation of the bioactive constituent and its characterization, responsible for the anticonvulsant effects of the root bark extract of

Breast cancer in women younger than 30 years: prevalence rate and imaging findings in a symptomatic population.

IntroductionTo identify the prevalence rate of primary breast cancer in women younger than 30 years of age in a symptomatic population in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To analyze the imaging pattern and possible risk factors in cases with cancer. Breast cancer in this age group is generally rare and not clearly understood.MethodsAt King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, a retrospective 5-year (January 2006 to December 2010) data was collected from the Medical Imaging departmental records on breast imaging. Patients younger than 30 years of age were identified including those with breast cancer. The clinical presentation, risk factors, imaging findings and final outcomes were analyzed in a descriptive way. The total number of patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer was recorded.ResultsSeventeen out of a total of 4873 patients younger than 30 years examined had primary breast cancer constituting a rate of 3.5 per 1000 symptomatic patients. The age range was 17 to 29 with mean of 27. The total number of patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed during that period was 413 making a percentage of 4.1% (17 out of 413) in those younger than 30 years. First presentation with a palpable mass and imaging findings of unequivocal category 5 of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) occurred in all. Eight patients had stage I and II while nine had stage III and IV cancers. Only 2 of the 17 had first-degree family history. The youngest was 17 years old.ConclusionA prevalence rate of 3.5 per 1000 primary cancer occurred in the symptomatic population studied and 4 in every 100 primary cancer diagnosed in the unit occurred in women younger than 30 years. First presentation, low family trait and typical imaging features of malignancy was found in all cases.

Clinical Presentation, Prevalence and Management of Breast Cancer in Sokoto, Nigeria

Background: In recent times there have been increased cases of malignant breast diseases presenting to the surgical out - patient department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. The hospital receives referrals mainly from the neighboring state of Kebbi and occasionally from Zamfara. Unfortunately, majority of the patients present late with attendant poor outcome. Objectives: To determine the clinical presentation, prevalence and management outcome of malignant breast diseases in Sokoto, Nigeria. Method: A retrospective review of case notes of all patients with histologically confirmed breast diseases between 2007 and 2011 was carried out. Data studied included demographic characteristics, stage at presentation, management and follow up. Results were analyzed using the windows SPSS Statistics 17.0. Results: A total of 1822 patients were seen, out of which 816 (44.8%) had malignant breast disease and 1006 (55.2%) had benign disease. 288 women had breast cancer in 2011 (new and pre-existing cases) giving a prevalence rate of 10.4 cases per 100,000. The Male: Female ratio for breast cancer was 1: 203. The mean and modal age group for breast cancer was 41-50 years. Invasive ductal carcinoma was responsible for 800 (98%) of cases seen. Invasive lobular carcinoma followed with 12 (1.5%) cases. 452 (55.4%) patients presented with stage 3C (T4B, N3, M0) disease while 359 (44.0%) patients presented with stage 4 (T4C, N3, M1) disease. Only 5 (0.6%) patients presented with stage 2B (T3A, N1B, M0) disease. No patient was seen with stage 1 disease during the five year study period. Modified radical mastectomy was offered to 414 (50.7%) patients, while 200 (24.5%) patients had toilet mastectomy. Immediate post-operative mortality was 0.8% (5 cases). However, 67 (8.2%) patients died before they were offered surgery. The overall mortality therefore was 9.0% (72 cases). Follow up studies showed that 402 (53.7%) patients were seen during the first year follow up, while 88(11.7%) patients were seen during the second year. No patient was seen in the third year of follow up. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of breast cancer in Sokoto in 2011 was 10.4 per 100 000 women. Late presentation was the norm with 99.4% (811) presenting with advanced disease (TNM stages 3 and 4) and 0.6% (5) presenting with stage 2 disease. Breast cancer therefore continues to carry poor prognosis in this part of the country.

Screening for gastric cancer: the usefulness of endoscopy.

Gastric cancer screening is common in countries with high prevalence rates of gastric cancer. However, data supporting the effectiveness of gastric cancer screening are lacking. Thus, the aim of this review was to examine the current evidence on gastric cancer screening. Herein, we reviewed radiographic and endoscopic tests as methods of gastric cancer screening. Previous cohort studies and case-control studies have demonstrated reduced gastric cancer mortality in study populations that had undergone gastric cancer screening with radiographic tests. Recently, a case-control study in Japan reported a 30% reduction in gastric cancer mortality when screening was undertaken via endoscopy. Also, endoscopic screening for gastric cancer exhibited higher sensitivity and specificity than radiographic screening. Moreover, most cost-effectiveness analyses on the best strategy for detecting early gastric cancer have generally concluded that endoscopy is more cost-effective than radiographic testing. Although data on the impact of endoscopy screening programs on gastric cancer mortality are limited, recent study results suggest that gastric cancer screening by endoscopy in average-risk populations performs better than radiography screening. Further evaluation of the impact of these screening methods should take into account cost and any associated reduction in gastric cancer mortality.