Prevalence Rates Of Anxiety Disorders Research Articles

Prevalence and comorbidity of anxiety disorder in school-attending children and adolescents aged 6–16 years in China

BackgroundThe reported prevalence rate of anxiety disorder in the paediatric population varies widely between different counties. Currently, there is no national epidemiological survey of childhood anxiety disorder in China. This...

Specificities of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Prevalence and Treatment

Individuals with Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD) face elevated rates of anxiety, challenging previous assumptions of immunity to mental health issues. Prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in this population can be as high as 84%, surpassing typical populations. Specific syndromes, genetic factors, and challenges in diagnosis are highlighted, emphasizing the need for tailored assessment tools. The SCARED questionnaire is identified as a valid tool. Psychological treatments, especially Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), show promise, but evidence is limited. Pharmacological treatments, including SSRIs, are used, but studies are scarce. This overview contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of anxiety in individuals with IDD and underscores the importance of targeted interventions.

Are adolescents more likely to have antenatal anxiety disorders than adult women? A comparison between two samples

BackgroundThe literature reports that teenage pregnancy is considered a risk factor for anxiety disorders (ADs). However, research on this topic is limited. This study aimed to investigate if pregnant adolescents presented a greater likelihood of having ADs by comparing two samples of pregnant women in a southern city of Brazil. We also observed the prevalence rates of antenatal ADs among adolescents and adult women. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 1852 women from two different studies: 995 pregnant adolescents attending prenatal care in the public health system (convenience sample) and 857 pregnant women from a population-based study. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI Plus) to assess antenatal ADs, using the Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) modules. The primary aim of this study was tested through multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. ResultsThe prevalence of ADs was 11.0 % among pregnant adolescents and 13.8 % among adult pregnant women. Both samples presented similar rates of ADs (p = 0.065). In the adjusted analysis, maternal age did not predict antenatal ADs (PR = 0.97; p = 0.853). LimitationsConsidering the particularities of each study where the samples came from, it was not possible to include other ADs such as panic disorder or phobias. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that pregnancy in adolescence does not increase the likelihood of antenatal ADs. However, we emphasize the importance of an adequate psychological screening and care in pregnancy in order to prevent possible psychiatric disorders.

Crippled By Fear: Anxiety Disorders Among Adolescents In Nigeria

More than half of all lifetime psychiatric disorders begin by the early adolescent period, with anxiety and depressive disorders responsible for a significant part of this disease burden [1]. Collectively referred to as childhood emotional disorders, juvenile-onset anxiety and depressive syndromes are widely recognized to be the most prevalent group of mental disorders in this population, as they are in adults [2-6]. The prevalence of anxiety disorders in adolescent populations is estimated to range between 8.3% to 27.0% [7]. The National Comorbidity Replication Survey - Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A) in the United States found a lifetime rate of 31.9% for any anxiety disorder [8]. In comparison, a study in rural Uganda demonstrated a 26.6% prevalence rate of anxiety disorders amongst children and adolescents [9]. In a local study conducted among adolescents aged 13–18 years in a semi-urban Nigerian town, anxiety disorders’ estimated 12-month prevalence rate was 15% [10].

ANXIETY DISORDERS IN MALAYSIA FROM 2005 TO 2015: A SCOPING REVIEW OF THEIR PREVALENCE RATES, ASSOCIATED FACTORS, AND PREDICTORS

Introduction: The current study aims to investigate the prevalence rates, associated factors, and predictors of anxiety disorders in Malaysia through a scoping review. Methods: PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases and a total of 28 local journals were used to search for published papers in this particular area. In this case, 37 out of 105 articles managed to meet the inclusion criteria and were subjected to review. A total of 17,673 respondents, which comprised university students, the general community, and numerous types of clinical patients, were included in the review. Results: The results showed that the prevalence rate of anxiety disorders was in the range between 1% and 67.6% for the mentioned populations. Moreover, various types of associated factors were found to be related to anxiety such as being divorced, widowed, or single; having a lower than tertiary level of education; being unemployed or retired; and having a low socioeconomic status. Meanwhile, there were also several predictors of anxiety such as having to deal with negative life events; domestic violence; family history of mental illness; severe psychological problems; and chronic physical illness. Conclusion: Generally, the prevalence of anxiety disorders is noticeable, and anxiety disorders may contribute to a decrease in the quality of life, an increase in social burden, reduced productivity, and increased utilization of health services. Therefore, awareness among community and health service providers regarding the prevalence rate of anxiety is believed to help in developing access to evidence-based psychological and pharmacological interventions.

MANAGEMENT OF CHITTODWEGA - A CASE REPORT

Anxiety is arguably an emotion that predates the evolution of man. Its ubiquity in humans, and its presence in a range of anxiety disorders, makes it an important clinical focus. GAD (Generalised anxiety disorder) is the most common psychiatric disorder characterised by Repeated, Persistent and unrealistic worry about life-events but it is different from normal feelings of anxiousness. The prevalence rate of Anxiety disorder varies according to the different age groupas per the current DSM-5 criteria, only phobia and GAD are included under anxiety disorders, with weighted prevalence values of 4.2% and 5.8% respectively. For these available Psychiatric drugs are having various adverse effect and produces the dependency of the drugs, for this integrated approach is very essential, Ayurveda medicines are safe, cost effective hence here a case of chittodwega is successfully treated with Shamana medicine. Keywords: Generalized anxiety disorder, Chittodwega, Ayurveda, Shamana

Management of Chittodwega a Case Report

Anxiety is arguably an emotion that predates the evolution of man. Its ubiquity in humans, and its presence in a range of anxiety disorders, makes it an important clinical focus. GAD (Generalised anxiety disorder) is the most common psychiatric disorder characterised by Repeated, Persistent and unrealistic worry about life-events but it is different from normal feelings of anxiousness. The prevalence rate of Anxiety disorder varies according to the different age group as per the current DSM5 criteria, only phobia and GAD are included under anxiety disorders, with weighted prevalence values of 4.2% and 5.8% respectively. For this available Psychiatric drugs are having various adverse effects and produces the dependency of the drugs, for this integrated approach is very essential, Ayurveda medicines are safe, cost effective hence here a case of chittodwega is successfully treated with Shamana medicine.

Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (Beam) on Trait Anxiety among Malaysian Chinese Children

Woefully, the twenty-first century is described as an era of anxiety (Malcolm, 2015; Karas, 2013). In fact, the increasing prevalence rate of anxiety disorder has afflicted children at alarming rates nowadays. However, early onset of childhood anxiety is still underestimated. Consistent and intense feeling of fear had affected them in various aspects like emotions, behaviours and cognitive functions throughout their developmental stage (Bittner et al., 2007; Pine, Cohen, Gurley, Brook, & Ma, 1998; Woodward & Fergusson, 2001). Without proper early intervention, children are at risk for anxiety disorders with more severe anxiety symptoms when they are growing up. In order to get rid of the elevating of prevalence rate for anxiety, understanding the etiology of the onset of anxiety should be given more concern. In fact, this Biopsychosocial model views anxiety disorders as the products of biological aspects (gene and brain mechanism), psychological aspect (beliefs, behavior, coping skills) and social aspect (environmental factor). Among these three aspects, biological attributed vulnerabilities formed the first anxious personality in children since birth and reduced their resilience towards psychological and social stressors later on in their life (Averill, 2015). For instance, trait anxiety, the prolong state of anxious feeling is much more impactful for children compared to state anxiety as this inborn anxious personality shaped the first default biological vulnerability to fear. Hight trait anxiety level be adopted by the individual and form anxious personality in children since birth (Miu et al., 2009; Miclea, Albu & Ciuca, 2009). Keywords: Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM); Children; Chinese; Malaysia; Trait anxiety; Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG)

Clinical considerations in designing brief exposure interventions for primary care behavioral health settings.

Prevalence rates of anxiety disorders and symptoms in primary care (PC) settings are very high. Behavioral health consultants in primary care behavioral health (PCBH) settings enable increased access to evidence-based anxiety treatment. Despite strong extant support for exposure-based therapy for anxiety disorders, the use of exposure to treat anxiety in PC settings is low. Although barriers to exposure therapy (ET) may be exacerbated in PC settings, many anxiety presentations in PC warrant an exposure-based approach to treatment. Thus, exploration of feasibility and efficacy of ET in PC represents a critical area for advancing evidence-based treatment of anxiety symptoms. The current article addresses this gap through the presentation of two case examples of ET conducted in PCBH. Theoretical and practical information regarding the implementation of exposure using a brief (≤ 30 min), time-limited (4-6 visit) approached are presented. Results from the case examples demonstrate feasibility of conducting exposure in a brief format consistent with a PCBH approach. Additionally, patient outcomes presented suggest that ET conducted in PCBH reduces anxiety symptoms and may facilitate referral to specialty care settings. Exposure may offer promise in improving the quality of anxiety treatment in PC. Future work documenting both effectiveness and implementation outcomes of exposure in PC in clinical work and research trials is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Cognitive function associated with different diagnoses of anxiety disorders over the lifespan: Results from a Spanish representative sample

BackgroundPrevious research suggests an association between anxiety disorders and worse cognitive function. However, this association may vary depending on the type of disorder and age. We analysed the association of panic attack, 12-month and lifetime panic disorder (PD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), with cognitive function in a representative sample of Spanish adults, and compared three age groups (18-49, 50-64, and 65+). MethodsSome 4,582 participants were interviewed with an adapted CIDI interview. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were calculated by age group, using T scores of verbal fluency and episodic memory as the outcomes. ResultsIn young adults, 12-month GAD was associated with significantly lower scores of memory performance and verbal fluency, and 12-month PD with worse verbal fluency. In middle-aged participants, lifetime panic attack was related to better performance in verbal fluency, whereas having a diagnosis of lifetime PD was associated with lower scores. However, only participants aged 18-49 with 12-month GAD showed lower memory and verbal fluency, at almost one standard deviation below participants without 12-month GAD. LimitationsLow prevalence rates of anxiety disorder could have led to biased results. ConclusionsIn young adults, a concurrent GAD might be particularly associated with memory and verbal fluency deficits, whereas only verbal fluency is affected in middle-aged adults with a history of PD, although this association is small. In older adults, anxiety disorders are not clearly associated with worse cognition, probably because in this age group other confounder variables might be attenuating this link. Overall, our findings suggest that cognitive interventions for anxiety disorders may be relevant, especially for young and middle-aged adults.

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with western medicine for anxiety: A systematic review protocol.

Background:As a common clinical mental disorder, the prevalence rate of anxiety disorder increased yearly, devastating both physical health and social-economic prospect. The most common treatment relied on the use of western medications which is yet to fulfill ideal performance. While acupuncture is adopted as a treatment for anxiety disorders, the combination treatment of acupuncture and western medicines becomes more acknowledged. Albeit a spike in related literatures, the curative effect and safety of the treatment are still in lack of evidence. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination treatment of acupuncture and western medications.Methods:Six English databases (PubMed, Web of science, Medline, EBASE, Springer Cochrane Library and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) and four Chinese databases (Wan fang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) will be searched normatively according to the rule of each database from the inception to June 1, 2020. Two reviewers will independently conduct article selection, data collection, and risk of bias evaluation. Any disagreement will be resolved by discussion with the third reviewer. Either the fixed-effects or random-effects model will be used for data synthesis based on the heterogeneity test. The change in the scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HANA) and the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) will be used as the main outcome measure, quality of life scale (SF-36), changes of symptoms in TCM, hormone levels and clinical global impression (CGI) as the secondary outcome. treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS), general physical examination(temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure), Routine examination of blood, urine and stool, Electrocardiogram, Liver and kidney function examination as the security indexes. RevMan 5.3.5 will be used for meta-analysis.Results:This study will provide high-quality evidence to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with western medicine for anxiety.Conclusion:This systematic review will explore whether acupuncture combined with western medicine is an effective and safe intervention for anxiety.Ethics and dissemination:Ethical approval is not required for this study. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and will be shared on social media platforms. This review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentation.PROSPERO registration number:PROSPERO CRD42020149746.

U.S. Census Bureau-assessed prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in 2019 and during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.

BackgroundThe disruptions to daily life caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic may have impacted mental health, particularly mood disorders. This study aimed to compare prevalence rates of anxiety disorder and depressive disorder in national samples in the U.S. before and during the pandemic.MethodsParticipants (n = 336,525) were from U.S. Census Bureau‐administered nationally representative probability samples, one from the first half of 2019 and four during the pandemic in April and May 2020. All participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 screening for depressive disorder and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐2 screening for anxiety disorders.ResultsCompared to U.S. adults in 2019, U.S. adults in April and May 2020 were more than three times as likely to screen positive for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, or one or both, with more than one out of three screening positive for one or both. The prevalence of anxiety decreased slightly between the April 23–May 4, 2020 and the May 21–26, 2020 administrations, while the prevalence of depression increased slightly.ConclusionsU.S. adults in 2020 are considerably more likely to screen positive for mood disorders than in 2019, with anxiety declining and depression increasing from April to May.

Anxiety disorders and medical illness comorbidity and treatment implications.

To review recent studies which assess comorbidity, that is, prevalence of co-occurrence, relationships and treatment implications between anxiety disorders and various medical illnesses. The prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in patients with medical illnesses are high, with percentage up to 29% in patients with epilepsy, 48.9% in patients with multiple sclerosis, 30.1% in patients with Parkinson's disease, 30% in patients with cardiovascular disease, 47.0% in patients with diabetes mellitus, and so on. The most prevalent anxiety disorders among individuals with somatic illnesses are generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. In addition, various medical illnesses are highly prevalent in samples of patients with anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders co-occurring with medical illnesses have a number of clinical implications, including a greater severity and negative impact on treatment outcome of both medical illnesses and anxiety disorders. It is important for clinicians to look for possible anxiety disorders among patients with medical illnesses. Further studies need to ascertain how to best treat individuals suffering from both anxiety disorders and medical illnesses, and focus on the issue of causality when these conditions co-occur.

Prevalence, onset and course of anxiety disorders during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta analysis

BackgroundAnxiety disorders during pregnancy are associated with various adverse outcomes. Previous reviews of anxiety disorders during pregnancy have methodological limitations and were conducted without a meta-analysis. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published research on the prevalence, onset and course of all anxiety disorders during pregnancy plus obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder. MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed on a wide range of databases. A random effects model was used for the meta-analysis. ResultsThirty-six studies were included. Prevalence rates of anxiety disorders during pregnancy varied considerably. The pooled prevalence rate of each disorder during pregnancy was 3%, except for specific phobia, where it was 6%. Between 13% and 39% of pregnant OCD women had the onset of OCD during pregnancy, and this occurred mainly in the 2nd trimester. The onset of panic disorder (PD) was more common in the 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnancy. LimitationsDifferent designs of the included studies, as well as different assessment tools and assessment times during pregnancy and the paucity of studies of the onset and course, preclude definitive conclusions. ConclusionsAnxiety disorders are common during pregnancy. Unlike prevalence rates of other anxiety disorders during pregnancy, prevalence rates of PD and OCD during pregnancy were higher than their lifetime prevalence rates in women in the general population. The onset of OCD during pregnancy is not rare and the course of PD and OCD during pregnancy is highly variable. These findings suggest that pregnancy may be a specific risk factor for the occurrence and/or exacerbation of PD and OCD and underscore the importance of their early diagnosis and management.

25.4 Taming Sneaky Fears: Evidence-Based Treatment for Four- to Seven-Year-Old Children With Anxiety Disorders

Prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in preschool children are between 9.4 and 22%. Without treatment, anxiety disorders, even in preschool-aged children, are unlikely to remit. Despite the strong evidence for CBT in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children aged 8 years and older, there is no clear consensus on the best treatments for younger children. This Clinical Perspectives presentation describes anxiety disorders in children aged 4–7 years and current evidence-based treatments. It focuses on the Taming Sneaky Fears group CBT program, an evidence-based, manualized, 9-session program developed specifically for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children aged 4–7 years.

Psychophysiological Responses to Cognitive and Physical Training in Obese Elderly

Objectives: Increasing prevalence rate of anxiety disorders in elderly populations especially due to physical limitations has become a key concern for health authorities. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the effects of cognitive and physical training on anxiety in the Elderly. Methods: 49 aged females (62.3 ± 2.6 years) with BMI of 35 - 49.99 kg/m2 were assigned to one of three groups: Cognitive (n = 17), yoga (n = 16) and control group (n = 16). The cognitive training protocol focusing on breathing techniques, autogenic training, imagery/visualization, included an 8-week period, three sessions a week. Yoga practices comprising Asana training, Pranaya training, and meditation were conducted 3 times a week, for 8 weeks. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was given before yoga practice and cognitive training. Biofeedback devices were used to monitor galvanic skin resistance and resting heart rate. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test. Results: The results indicated that both cognitive and physical training had a significant difference on Anxiety in the training groups (P ≤ 0.05), while no significant change was found for control group (P ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, both training modes decreased the skin potential response (SPR) (P < 0.001). In addition, physical training group had lower resting heart rate after intervention compared to the cognitive and control groups (respectively, P = 0.04 and P = 0.001) lower heart rate and skin conductance level over the entire measurement period. Conclusions: It was concluded that the health benefits of yoga aren’t not specific to maintaining physical health, but also extends to lowering the anxiety in elderly with obesity. It was also suggested that cognitive training can mitigate the anxiety symptoms in the elderly while no physical changes were shown in cognitive training.

Psychophysiological Responses to Cognitive and Physical Training in Obese Elderly

Objectives: Increasing prevalence rate of anxiety disorders in elderly populations especially due to physical limitations has become a key concern for health authorities. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the effects of cognitive and physical training on anxiety in the Elderly. Methods: 49 aged females (62.3 ± 2.6 years) with BMI of 35 - 49.99 kg/m2 were assigned to one of three groups: Cognitive (n = 17), yoga (n = 16) and control group (n = 16). The cognitive training protocol focusing on breathing techniques, autogenic training, imagery/visualization, included an 8-week period, three sessions a week. Yoga practices comprising Asana training, Pranaya training, and meditation were conducted 3 times a week, for 8 weeks. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was given before yoga practice and cognitive training. Biofeedback devices were used to monitor galvanic skin resistance and resting heart rate. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test. Results: The results indicated that both cognitive and physical training had a significant difference on Anxiety in the training groups (P ≤ 0.05), while no significant change was found for control group (P ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, both training modes decreased the skin potential response (SPR) (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, physical training group had lower resting heart rate after intervention compared to the cognitive and control groups (respectively, P = 0.04 and P = 0.001) lower heart rate and skin conductance level over the entire measurement period. Conclusions: It was concluded that the health benefits of yoga aren’t not specific to maintaining physical health, but also extends to lowering the anxiety in elderly with obesity. It was also suggested that cognitive training can mitigate the anxiety symptoms in the elderly while no physical changes were shown in cognitive training.

Anxiety Disorders in Old Age: Psychiatric Comorbidities, Quality of Life, and Prevalence According to Age, Gender, and Country

Previous estimates of the prevalence of anxiety disorders in late life vary greatly due to the lack of reliable diagnostic tools. This MentDis_ICF65+ study assessed 12-month prevalence rates of anxiety disorders and age- and gender-related differences in comorbidities, as well as impact on quality of life. The study used a cross-sectional multicenter survey. The study sample comprised 3,142 men and women aged 65 to 84 years, living in five European countries and Israel. Anxiety disorders were assessed using computer-assisted face-to-face interviews with an age-appropriate diagnostic interview (CIDI65+). The prevalence of anxiety disorders was 17.2%. Agoraphobia was the most frequent disorder (4.9%), followed by panic disorder (3.8%), animal phobia (3.5%), general anxiety disorder (3.1%), post-traumatic stress disorder (1.4%), social phobia (1.3%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (0.8%). The prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder dropped by 40% to 47% in adults aged 75-84 years compared with those aged 65-74 years. Women were twice as likely to present with agoraphobia or general anxiety disorder as men. Only panic disorder and phobia were associated with comorbid major depression. The negative relationship with quality of life was limited to agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder. The age-appropriate CIDI65+ led to higher prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in the elderly, yet to weaker associations with comorbidities and impaired quality of life compared with previous studies.

Prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders in the transgender population: A systematic review of the literature

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the general population, affecting 18% of the population in the United States (12 months prevalence) and 13.6% in Europe (life time prevalence). Several studies have also described high rates of anxiety disorders and symptoms of anxiety among the transgender population. There is, however, a great variation of results (particularly related to gender prevalence), and few studies have described the type of anxiety disorders specific to the transgender population.Aim: To collect and critically appraise the information from the available studies describing prevalence rates of anxiety disorders and symptoms.Results: A total of 25 cross-sectional (n = 17) and longitudinal (n = 8) studies were found. Cross-sectional studies described higher prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms in the transgender group than in the cis population. The prevalence of anxiety disorders range from 17% to 68%. The most common anxiety disorders found were specific phobias, social phobias, panic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Most of the large studies suggest higher levels of anxiety symptoms and disorders in transgender men compared with transgender women; however, considerable variation in results was found.Conclusions: The findings identified that there is considerable variation in anxiety disorders and symptoms among transgender people attending transgender health services. These findings are likely to be the result of the tools used, the lack of matching controls, and the lack of homogeneity of the group studied. Overall this review indicates high levels of anxiety symptoms and disorders among transgender people attending gender services, primarily (but not exclusively) before commencement of cross-sex hormone treatment. Anxiety disorders related to social interaction (such as social anxiety) and panic attack appear to be particularly common, however more rigorous studies to confirm those findings are needed.

47.1 WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT EMERGING ADULTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS? A SUMMARY OF RECENT LITERATURE

The initial years of adult life, young or emerging adulthood, form a critical period of development during which one faces unique challenges associated with the transition from childhood to adulthood. Only rarely has existing research focused on young adults (YAs). The current presentation provides an overview of the current literature on anxiety disorders among YAs, summarizing prevalence rates of anxiety disorders, mental health service utilization, barriers to care, and availability of evidence-based treatments (EBT) relevant to this specific developmental period.