Prevalence Of Tobacco Consumption Research Articles

Global study on tobacco use among youth 13-15 years old in the Russian Federation: dynamic surveillance 2004-2021

The surveys used representative samples formed on the basis of all public schools. In 2004, 2015 and 2021 regional sampling included two stages. In 2021 national sampling included three stages: the selection of municipalities, schools and classes. All students of the selected classes were asked. The surveys used the same questionnaire. The total number of respondents - 38 345, the overall response rate - more than 90%. In the Russian Federation, in 2004-2021 among students aged 13-15, the prevalence of tobacco consumption decreased from 27.3 to 11.0%, passive smoking in homes from 76.4 to 23.1%, in closed public places from 89.4 to 23.7%. The consumption of ENDS and HTPs increased up to 16.7 and 3.5% respectively. Similar trends in consumption of products, passive smoking were identified in all the cities. The adoption in 2013 of the Federal Law "On protecting the health of citizens from the effects of second hand tobacco smoke, the consequences of tobacco consumption or the consumption of nicotine-containing products" had a significant impact on tobacco use by adolescents and reduced the prevalence of tobacco consumption and passive smoking among them by 3 times.

Prevalence and Associated Factors Related to Tobacco Consumption Among University Students in Malaysia.

Tobacco consumption is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Moreover, alternative tobacco and nicotine products (ATNPs) are growing in popularity, especially among young adults in the past decade. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors of tobacco consumption among university students. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 338 university students of a private Malaysian university from March to April 2021. Data was collected using a self-administered online questionnaire with items including sociodemographic information, user status of tobacco consumption and types of tobacco product used. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 to analyse the data. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in this study was 8.6% and the main tobacco product used was manufactured cigarettes. In Pearson's chi square test and Fisher's exact test, current use of tobacco was significantly associated with nationality, ethnicity, religion, school, current level of education and parents, siblings and friends use of tobacco (p<0.05). In simple and multiple logistic regression analysis, being non-Malaysian, Indian, Muslim, year 4 student and having parents or siblings who used tobacco, all had statistically significant associations with the current use of tobacco (p<0.05). Findings of this study showed that the use of tobacco among university students is concerning and warrants the need to develop and implement a strategic anti-tobacco program to limit this behaviour among university students.

Oral Health and Lifestyle Factors in Rural Adults of Jharkhand, India.

There is a lack of health care facilities and poor oral health awareness among the rural adult population of Jharkhand which may significantly influence oral health status and lifestyle scores. To assess the oral hygiene status, lifestyle factors, and various risk factors associated with poor lifestyle scores in the rural adult population of Jharkhand. This cross-sectional study included 400 rural adults (35-44 years) populations. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect sociodemographic data and data on oral hygiene practices. Lifestyle factors were assessed using Health Practice Index (HPI). Oral health status was assessed using the oral health assessment proforma provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). A significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) prevalence of tobacco consumption was reported by males (94.0%) compared to females (4.0%). The males (54.0%) reported significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) poor lifestyle scores compared to females (38.0%). A significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) number of oromucosal lesions (13.0%) was found in males compared to females (1.0%). There was a significant difference (p value < 0.0001) in the oral hygiene status between males and females with majority of males (60.0%) having poor oral hygiene. A bivariate analysis was performed, and unadjusted odds ratio was computed. The factors that became significant were then entered into logistic regression model (enter method). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that education (OR = 0.3, p value = 0.003), systemic diseases/long-term medication (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.004), tobacco consumption (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.006), oral hygiene status (OR = 2.4, p value = 0.007), and dental caries (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.004) were significant predictors of poor lifestyle scores. The rural adult population in Jharkhand has poor oral hygiene status and poor lifestyle scores. It is important to raise awareness regarding good oral hygiene and the negative effects of tobacco consumption. The dental visit should be encouraged, and the concept of preventive care needs to be instilled.

A phone-based tobacco use cessation program for people living with HIV in Uganda and Zambia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundNicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and short messaging service (SMS)-based tobacco cessation interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing tobacco use in many populations, but evidence is needed on which tailored treatments are most efficacious in meeting the complex medical and psychosocial factors confronting people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper describes the protocol of a study to test the efficacy of both NRT and a tailored SMS-based tobacco use cessation intervention among PLWH in Uganda and Zambia.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial, 800 adult PLWH who use tobacco will be recruited by health care professionals at HIV treatment centers where they are receiving care. Participants will be randomized to one of the four study arms: (1) standard of care [SOC; brief clinician advice to quit combined with HIV education and information aimed at encouraging HIV treatment adherence (with no mention of tobacco) delivered via text messages]; (2) SOC + 12 weeks of NRT; (3) SOC + 6 weeks of SMS text messages to support quitting tobacco use (SMS); or (4) SOC + NRT + SMS. Participants will receive a cell phone and solar panel with power bank for charging the phone. The main outcome is cessation of tobacco use by study participants verified by urinary cotinine (< 15 ng/mL) at 6 months post-enrollment. As a secondary tobacco use outcome, we will measure 7-day point-prevalence abstinence (7 consecutive days of no tobacco use) measured by self-report and biochemically-verified at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months post enrollment.DiscussionOur study will provide insight into the efficacy, feasibility and applicability of delivering tobacco cessation interventions through health care professionals combined with tailored tobacco cessation SMS text messaging in two countries with different tobacco use patterns, policy environments, and health care resources and provide needed information to providers and policymakers looking for cost-effective tobacco cessation interventions. The previously tested SMS-platform to be used in our study is uniquely positioned to be scaled in low- and middle-income countries worldwide, in which case evidence of even modest success in reducing the prevalence of tobacco consumption among PLWH could confer enormous health and economic benefits.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05487807. Registered August 4, 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05487807

Bridging the Gap: Oral Health-care Delivery Plan in Tribal Belt of Western India

Abstract Background: India has launched many initiatives to achieve Universal Health Coverage, despite there exist gaps in oral health-care need and service delivery. Especially in tribal areas, due to the prevalence of risk factors as well as the lack of accessibility and affordability for health-care services, oral diseases remain unidentified and untreated. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the needs and design an implementation plan for sustainable and culturally acceptable oral health-care delivery in one of the tribal blocks of Mokhada in the state of Maharashtra, Western India. Methodology: The study included participants above 18 years of age and adopted a co-design approach. Data collection methods consisted of a short-form survey and focused group discussion. Convenient and purposive sampling methods were used to select participants for quantitative and qualitative data collection, respectively. Quantitative data analysis was performed using the STATA 16 tool, whereas thematic analysis was performed for the qualitative data. Need assessment led to the design of implementation by engaging multiple stakeholders. Results: A total of 2008 adults participated in the survey with a mean age being 37.7 years. 52.4% of participants were male. Out of 2008 screened, 83.2% were found to have at least one oral disease and a high prevalence of tobacco consumption (42%). Barriers of oral healthcare-seeking behaviour were addressed in the proposed model of care. Accordingly, a twice-a-week functional comprehensive oral care health-care model was integrated into the already existing health center of a community led development organization and portable mobile dental unit were planned with the support of multiple stakeholders. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the feasibility of delivering oral healthcare through integration into primary healthcare and multiple stakeholder engagement.

Study of the prevalence of tobacco consumption among apparently healthy adult males in an urban area.

Keeping in view the role of tobacco consumption as a modifiable risk factor in various diseases and gaps in scientific knowledge among the apparently healthy adult male population in India, the researchers chose to undertake this study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among apparently healthy adult males employed in various government offices to determine the prevalence of tobacco consumption. The minimum sample size to estimate a 95% confidence interval for the prevalence of tobacco consumption with 5% absolute precision was calculated to be 340. However, 500 subjects were included in the study. The tool used for data collection was the "personal interview technique." Standard statistical methods were utilized for data analysis. The overall mean age (standard deviation (SD)) of the study subjects was 30.96 yrs (4.32). Overall, the mean (SD) of number of years of tobacco use was 5.64 years (1.98). The mean (SD) of number of cigarettes smoked per day was 6.36 (3.09). The prevalence of current smokers showed a statistically significant increase from the age groups of 20-29 yrs to 50-59 yrs (P < 0.001). All subjects in the study were able to name at least three harmful effects of tobacco consumption. The overall mean amount spent on tobacco consumption per month was Rs 536.97 (1.44% of basic salary). Overall, the most common reason for smoking was peer pressure, where 40 (93.02%) gave this reason. Of forty-three tobacco users, 27 (62.79%) expressed a desire to quit tobacco consumption. The most common reason for expressing a desire to quit tobacco was the ill effects of tobacco consumption, where 23 (85.18%) tobacco users gave this reason. Our study on the prevalence of tobacco consumption among government employees provides an adequately clear picture of this public health epidemic in India. There is an immediate need for target group-specific policies for tobacco control, which should be integrated with the relevant national health programs at all levels.

Tobacco use and outcomes of pregnancy: A community-based cross-sectional study among the women in the reproductive age group in the rural area of Belgaum District, Karnataka, South India

Exposure to tobacco smoke affects all stages of human reproduction. Smoking is not rare among Indian women, but research over the past decade has shown that Indian women’s use of smokeless tobacco products is substantial and increasing, with negative consequences for both oral morbidity and perinatal health, including premature delivery, low birth weight, and birth length. This study was done to know the prevalence of tobacco consumption among rural women in the reproductive age group and its association with the outcomes of pregnancy A community-based cross-sectional study, was conducted from January 2011 to December 2011 among 1200 rural women aged between 15 years to 49 years residing in Primary Health Centre (PHC) Vantmuri area, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Statistical analysis was done using rates, ratios, and chi-square tests. The prevalence of tobacco consumption was 9.7%. In this study, we found that except for the first pregnancy outcomes, and all the subsequent outcomes of the pregnancies, the differences are statistically significant indicating an association between tobacco consumption and the outcome of pregnancy. Also, a significant association was found between tobacco consumption and low birth weight. Women under the reproductive age group constitute an important cohort of the population. A significant association was found between tobacco consumption and the outcomes of pregnancy. It has become the need of the hour to provide enough evidence on the correlates of tobacco use in the community and to put increasing effort against the expansion of tobacco companies in developing countries, which are often aimed at women.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption: A National Ecological Study in Mexican Adolescents.

Alcohol and cigarettes are the psychoactive substances that adolescents use most frequently. When both addictions are combined, they carry the worst burden of disease globally. The objective of this study was to identify whether socioeconomic factors correlate with alcohol and tobacco consumption in Mexican adolescents aged 10 years or more and to establish the relationship in the consumption between the two substances. This ecological study utilized data describing alcohol and tobacco consumption among adolescents aged 10-16 years (n = 48,837 ≈ N = 11,621,100). Having ever consumed any alcohol-containing beverage constituted alcohol consumption. Smoking a cigarette within 30 days constituted cigarette consumption. For both variables, the state-level percentages reported in the survey were used. Diverse socioeconomic variables were collected from official sources. Data on the prevalence of tobacco use and alcohol consumption were entered into an Excel database estimated for each of the states of the Mexican Republic, as well as the socioeconomic variables. We performed the analysis using Stata 14. Consumption prevalence was 15.0% for alcohol and 4.2% for tobacco. Alcohol consumption was not correlated with any studied socioeconomic variable (p > 0.05). The prevalence of tobacco consumption among elementary school students correlated (p < 0.05) with the portion of the population living in private dwellings without sewage, drainage, or sanitation (r = 0.3853). The prevalence of tobacco consumption among middle-school adolescents correlated with the portion of the employed population that earned up to two minimum wages (r = 0.3960), the percentage in poverty by income 2008 (r = 0.4754) and 2010 (r = 0.4531), and the percentage in extreme poverty by income 2008 (r = 0.4612) and 2010 (r = 0.4291). Positive correlations were found between tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption among both elementary (r = 0.5762, p=0.0006) and middle-school children (r = 0.7016, p=0.0000). These results suggest that certain socioeconomic factors correlate with tobacco consumption but not alcohol consumption. A correlation between alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption was observed. The results can be used for developing interventions in adolescents.

Chile’s Tobacco Strategy: A Scoping Review of Tobacco Measures Over Time

Chile currently has a relatively robust tobacco control policy approach. Nonetheless, it has one of the highest tobacco consumption prevalence rates among adults worldwide. Better knowledge regarding changes in tobacco control policy over time may provide a comprehensive understanding of the observed changes in the prevalence of tobacco consumption. We aimed to carry out a scoping review to explore the evolution of Chile’s tobacco control consumption policies. We searched legal instruments, including laws and decrees, in the Chilean National Library of Congress from inception to December 2018. One author screened potential legal instruments; two authors independently systematized research records found. We included any legal instrument issued by the President of the Republic or the Chilean National Congress. We used the MPOWER strategy as a guideline to classify interventions. The institutional change theory proposed by van der Heijden and Kuhlmann was applied to interpret policy changes. We identified 499 legal instruments related to tobacco. Of these, three laws and ten decrees were included for analysis. We observed an uneven implementation of measures recommended by the WHO over time. The dimensions Protect, Warn, and Enforce showed consistent progress, measures in the Monitor and Raise dimensions were unsustained, and no measures for the dimension Offer were found. In Chile, measures to tackle tobacco consumption over the last three decades have focused predominantly on regulating individual choices rather than on the tobacco industry. Future research assessing the effects of Chile’s tobacco control consumption policies should account for their multifaceted and heterogeneous implementation.

Role of Tobacco Consumption Habits in the Causation of Precancerous Lesions: A Cross Sectional Study

Oral carcinoma is quite common and increasing trend in India and worldwide. Smoking and smokeless tobacco both are increasing worldwide. The common oral precancerous lesions are oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, nicotina palati and oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF). Screening is best tool to find out such lesions. The current study is conducted to know the prevalence of tobacco consumption and also to examine oral cavity of tobacco consumer to detect precancerous lesions among the staff. Method: The present study was cross sectional study carried out tertiary care hospital staff. The study was conducted over a period of 6 month from May 2017 to October 2017. Ethical clearance for study was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee. The staff members of class 3 and class 4 of hospital were taken as a study participants involving both of sex and who provided written informed consent. Sample of 120 staff members were enrolled for the study from provided sampling frame with the use of random sampling method. Study participants with previous history of hospital admission for any systemic illness, immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive patients, and participants who already diagnosed to have malignant cancer lesions in any part of body were excluded. Result: Of 120 study participants, 40% were belongs to 31 – 40 years of age group and majority were male (80%) and belonged to Hindu (90.83%) religion. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in any of form is 85%; of them 43.33% used smokeless tobacco and 10.83% used to with smoking and 30.83% had both forms of tobacco. Oral Sub Mucosal Fibrosis (OSMF) was the most common (70.58%) precancerous lesion found in the present study, followed by leukoplakia (16.67%). Conclusion: Current study revealed the high prevalence. There is urgent need to plan de-addiction at various level. Also those having the precancerous lesion need to warn and treat accordingly.

Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Tobacco Consumption among Adolescents: An Observational Study from a Rural area of Rajasthan.

The prevalence of smoking cigarettes among adolescents in India is nearly one in 10, and almost half of them initiate tobacco use before turning 10 years old. Our study objective was to assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption and the sociodemographic factors associated with tobacco consumption among adolescents in a rural area of Rajasthan. This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 1 year from April 2021 to March 2022 in village Naila, Jaipur. All 1083 adolescents of village Naila were contacted; however, 1049 were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression (forward likelihood model) was used to assess the strength of the association of risk factors for the consumption of tobacco. A considerable proportion, that is, 22.4% (235/1049), of adolescents were tobacco consumers. Out of 235 consumers, 104 were smokers, 65 were consuming smokeless tobacco, and 66 were consuming both forms of tobacco. In multivariate analysis, age, sex, grade of participants, pocket money, family history of tobacco and alcohol consumption, maternal education, and per capita income were found to be significant predictors of tobacco consumption (P < 0.05). Tobacco consumption is highly common in Rajasthan's rural adolescent population, and it begins at a very young age. Hence, corrective measures need to be initiated in an early stage of life. To reduce the impact of social norms, peer pressure, and family members who consume tobacco, the behavioral change communication activities must be strengthened.

Prevalence of tobacco consumption among the Northeast population of India

Background and Objectives: Widespread use of tobacco among Indians has been associated with several lung diseases; however, the exact prevalence of tobacco use, particularly in the northeastern region of India, is not known. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco use among the northeast population of India. Methodology: Four electronic databases were searched using the appropriate search strategy. A systematic search yielded 15 articles that were included in this review. Out of these, 13 studies were found to be eligible for meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Hoy et al. scale. Statistical analysis was done using the STATA version 16. Results: Data from 453,844 participants, mean age range of 15–60 years, were collected from the northeastern states. The overall pooled prevalence estimate for the tobacco consumption reported was found to be 44.71% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.48%–72.93%). Manipur reported comparatively higher tobacco consumption than the other eastern northeastern states 45.13% (95% CI: 7.26%–72.93%). A higher pooled prevalence was found for the employed (31.10%; 95% CI: 24.83%–83.00%) versus unemployed (26.96%; 95% CI: 22.07%–31.86%), and literates (40.36%; 95% CI: 16.19%–64.54%) versus illiterates (19.87%; 95% CI: 3.95%–35.79%). In addition, smokeless tobacco (29.10%; 95% CI: 9.33%–48.88%) consumption was reportedly higher than that of smoked tobacco (22.96%; 95% CI: 1.74%–44.18%). Gender subgroup analysis showed a higher prevalence in males (28.59%; 95% CI: 24.16%–33.02%) as compared to females (25.77%; 95% CI: 17.68%–33.86%). Conclusion: A higher prevalence of tobacco use among the northeastern region of India, particularly males, the employed class, and illiterate people, suggests a dire need of more effective awareness programs to reduce tobacco consumption.

Influencia de las actitudes al consumo de alcohol en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en universitarios del Ecuador: un modelo explicativo con SEM

Objective: Establish an explanatory model through latent variables analysis of tobacco consumption based on al- cohol consumption and alcohol consumption based on attitudes towards consumption in a sample of university students in Ecuador. Method: Descriptive correlational and explanatory design using SEM (Structural Equation Mo- deling) techniques. Participants: 546 students (69.2% women) aged between 17 and 41 years old (M= 21.3 years old; SD= 2.6), from four universities (45.1% public ones) in two cities of Ecuador. Results: The predominance of alcohol consumption is high; the prevalence of tobacco consumption is low, and attitudes towards alcohol consumption are ambivalent. Alcohol attitudes predict alcohol consumption (R2= .57) and alcohol consumption predicts tobacco consumption (R2= .26). Attitudes and consumption provide an explanatory model for tobacco consumption with ꭓ2= 662.59; p&lt; .001; df= 480; ꭓ2/gl= 1.4; CFI= .95; TLI= .94; SRMR= .049; RMSEA= .026 [.021 - .031]. Conclusions: The study of attitudes and consumption behaviors are important for a better understanding about alcohol and tobacco consumption in university students.

Tobacco Use and Cessation among a Nationally Representative Sample of Men in India, 2019-2021.

Tobacco users are exposed to a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases, leading to premature mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The future prediction indicates that tobacco-related mortality and morbidity rates will substantially increase in coming years. The study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of tobacco consumption and cessation attempts for different tobacco products among adult men in India. The study utilized information from India's latest National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) data which was conducted during 2019-21, including 988,713 adult men aged 15 years and above and 93,144 men aged 15-49. Results suggest that 38 percent of men consume tobacco, including 29% in urban and 43% in rural areas. Among the men aged 35-49 years, the odds were significantly higher for consuming any form of tobacco (AOR: 7.36, CI: 6.72-8.05), smoking cigarettes (AOR: 2.56, CI: 2.23-2.94), and smoking bidi (AOR: 7.12, CI: 4.75-8.82) as compared to those aged 15-19. The application of multilevel model indicates that tobacco usages are not evenly distributed. In addition, there is maximum clustering of tobacco usages found around household level factors. Further, 30% of men aged 35-49 years attempted to stop consuming tobacco. Though 27% of men tried to quit tobacco in the last 12 months and 69% of men are exposed to secondhand smoke, 51% of men who received advice for quitting tobacco and visited the hospital in the last 12 months belong to the lowest wealth quintile. These findings prioritize promoting awareness about adverse effects of tobacco use, especially in rural areas, and capacitate them to adopt cessation efforts so that those who want to quit may be successful in their efforts. In addition, the health system's response to the tobacco epidemic in the country should be strengthened by training of service providers to promote cessation efforts through appropriate counselling of all the patients visiting them in the context of tobacco use in any form as key drivers of the increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the country.

Prevalence of tobacco consumption and its determinants in the adult population in the field practice area of Urban Health Training Center: Acommunity based cross-sectional study

Background: The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats, which is believed to cause six million deaths a year. The present study was planned to estimate tobacco consumption prevalence and its determinants in an adult population. Material and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in an adult population residing in the urban slum area of Urban Health Training Center from January 2021 to March 2021. Sample size was estimated as 226. Data was collected using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: In the present study prevalence of tobacco consumption in any form was found as 22.41%. Further history was available from 226 participants, one from a family chosen randomly. Mean age of participants was 40.3 years with SD±15 years. Maximum participants i.e., 112 (49%) consuming tobacco were engaged in unskilled occupation. The most common reason for initiating tobacco was fun and curiosity in 89 (38%) participants. Maximum participants 138 (61%) consumed tobacco 1-5 times daily. About 21% of participants had made efforts to quit tobacco. Conclusion: In the present study prevalence of tobacco consumption was considerable in the adult population. About 40% of participants did not know about the adverse effects of tobacco, two-thirds of participants were willing to quit tobacco, while only 21.23% have made efforts to quit tobacco. The study highlights the need of tobacco cessation intervention.

Smoking prevalence and associated factors among university students: Smoking-Related family behaviors, knowledge, attitudes and socioeconomic status

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and examine the differences in smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among university students in Morocco. A questionnaire was administered randomly to a representative sample of 810 students. The age range of the participants was 18 and 38 years and the mean age was 21 years. Participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics, smoking-related family and university environments, smoking-related knowledge and attitudes, and smoking behaviors. A total of 800 students (98.77%) completed and returned the questionnaire. The prevalence of tobacco consumption was 17%. Smoking prevalence was higher for males and those aged between 18 and 20 25 years. Specialty and education were significantly associated with cigarette smoking behavior. The high prevalence of smoking among the student’s means that prevention measures are essential; this requires increasing self-esteem and evaluating intervention programs implemented before smoking the first cigarette.

Study on prevalence of use of Tobacco Consumption among males aged 15 and above in Kanchipuram Town, Tamil Nadu

Aim and Background: In the present study was to find out the prevalence of tobacco consumption and factors contributed for tobacco consumption among males aged 15 years and above in Kanchipuram town. Human beings have been using tobacco since 600 A.D. It was introduced in Europe by Columbus who came to know about it from the Caribbeans during his historical journeys. It was introduced in India by the Portuguese. Materials and Methods: This is Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Kanchipuram town. All the study subjects were explained in detail about the purpose and methodology of the study and were fully assured of strict confidentiality. Informed oral consent was obtained. Personal interview questionnaire is administered and obtained the demographic details and tobacco consumption. Kanchipuram district has been divided into 4 revenue divisions comprising of 11 taluks with 1137 revenue villages. For development reasons, it is divided into 13 development blocks with 648 Village Panchayats. Results: The present study showed a high prevalence of 55.4% tobacco use among male ever users aged 15 years and above in Kanchipuram town. A prevalence of 34% has been noted in male current users of the same age group. Conclusion: In the Present study we conclude that the high prevalence of use of tobacco among males age 15-and above is a major and public health problems. This affects the coming generation also. Hence steps need to be taken right now to tackle this problem.

The Quest for Effective Tobacco Control Strategies: Revisiting Price and Taxation Policy

The prevailing wisdom in scholarly and policy-making institutions dealing with public health is that skillful use of price and taxation policy will reduce the prevalence of tobacco consumption because of the inverse relationship between tobacco price and consumption. Empirical evidence of this axiomatic inverse relationship has been sparse. This paper analyzes the effects of increased taxation on consumption of tobacco products in 162 countries during 2005-2020. Results indicate that there is weak negative relationship between change in adult smoking prevalence and change in taxation suggesting that higher tax rates on tobacco products tend to lower adult smoking prevalence, but in a modest rather than robust sort of way. The small negative association indicates that perhaps it will take very large tax increases to meaningfully affect adult smoking.

Prevalence of tobacco consumption and the associated factors among the adults in an urban slum: Findings from the WHO STEPwise survey.

Despite Pakistan's stringent tobacco control policy, its effective implementation has always been a challenge, leading to rising tobacco consumption. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of tobacco consumption and associated risk factors in the adult population of deprived urban areas. A community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to July 2019, comprising 607 adults residing in the urban squatter settlement of Lahore using a standardized questionnaire, the WHO STEPwise approach. The outcome was current use of tobacco and/or smokeless tobacco daily. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine factors associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption. Among 607 participants, about 64% were females, 49.3% were illiterate, 64.9% were currently unemployed, and 47.1% belonged to the low-income group. The prevalence of tobacco smoke was 10.5% (95% CI: 8.07-12.93), and smokeless tobacco consumption was 8.6% (95% CI: 6.38-10.82). Multivariable logistic regression found that smokeless tobacco was more likely among the aged 50-59 years (AOR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.1-13.8) and unemployed (AOR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.1-12.2). Whereas tobacco smoking was more likely among the aged 30-39 years (AOR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.8-16.7), Urdu ethnicity (AOR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.2-7.3), unemployed (AOR=6.6; 95% CI: 2.9-14.9), and never exposed to any media (AOR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.8-17.4). Participants exposed to health warnings were less likely to smoke (AOR=0.02; 95% CI: 0.01-0.05). This study reports a high prevalence of tobacco consumption among adults and calls for effective policy implementation using a multi-pronged approach, including health professionals and media, to spread awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco and endorsement of health warnings on tobacco packaging.

Prevalence of substance use and their correlates among adolescent boys in Bihar, India

ABSTRACT Background Unhealthy behaviors including smoking, drinking, and drug use often begin during adolescence and are closely related to morbidity and mortality. This study examines the prevalence and factors associated with substance use among adolescent boys in Bihar, India. Methods Data from the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA), conducted in 2015–16 in two Indian states, was used for analysis (n = 2004 adolescent boys aged 14–19 years). A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to estimate the effect of various correlates on substance use. Results Prevalence of tobacco consumption (19%) is high, followed by consumption of alcohol (8%) and drug use (1.2%) among adolescent boys in Bihar. One-fifth have ever used at least one substance. Age, education, current schooling status, wealth quintile, household head’s educational attainment, and mother’s education level are found to be important factors influencing substance use. Conclusion It is essential to adopt more pointed programs which can effectively reduce substance use among adolescents in this and similar states. Programs related to prevention of substances should be expanded effectively through health education programs, media messages at the grassroots level, especially in the socio-economically backward states in India.