Prevalence Of Sleep Disturbances Research Articles

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-REPORTED SLEEP, WRIST ACTIGRAPHY, AND SYMPTOMS AMONG ADULTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD)

Recently, there has been a growing recognition of the bidirectional link between sleep and inflammation. Several studies have reported the prevalence of sleep disturbances in those with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and found poor sleep has the potential to increase the risk of disease relapse. Additionally, sleep loss may adversely affect cognitive performance, mental health, metabolism, and pain perception. While previous research has indicated potential associations between sleep and symptoms commonly reported in IBD, few studies use objective measures of sleep. Wrist actigraphy can objectively and non-invasively measure sleep-wake cycles and has been found feasible for use in the IBD population. This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep, wrist actigraphy, and symptoms among adults with IBD.

Prevalence of sleep disturbances among emergency response team paramedics working in shift systems

INTRODUCTION: Due to the nature and specifics of their work, paramedics carry out work activities in an organized shift system. Working in shifts is related to various health complications, disturbing the natural biological rhythm and adversely affecting the quality of sleep. The purpose of the study was the evaluation the effect of shift work on the quality of sleep of the paramedics who are members of Emergency Response Teams. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research took place between May and September 2019, using diagnostic survey methodology on 238 (223 male, 15 female) paramedics in mobile Emergency Response Teams (ERT) employed in five operational areas of the Masovian voivodeship. The mean age was 39.03 ± 9.27 years for males, and 31.93 ± 7.76 years for females. To examine the differences between the groups, the χ 2 test was employed, with an established statistical significance value of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Insomnia was most often reported by paramedics aged between 45 and 54 (29; 12.18%) and above the age of 55 (23; 9.66%). The participating paramedics are most often in the above-norm bounds of the Athens Insomnia Scale norms (112; 47.05%) or in the group classified as suffering from insomnia (77; 32.35%). CONCLUSIONS: In order to minimize the possible health consequences resulting from the nature of shift work, it is suitable to implement elements of sleep hygiene theory into the health education of paramedics, as well as to continuously monitor their health condition as part of occupational medicine practice.

Prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with cervical radiculopathy and an analysis of risk factors: a cross-sectional study.

Previous research has shown that many patients with musculoskeletal diseases suffer from sleep disturbances. However, the sleep quality of patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) has yet to be fully investigated. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and status of sleep disturbances in patients with CR and identify the mechanisms and risk factors associated with this condition. We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with CR. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to evaluate the sleep quality of patients and determine whether patients experience sleep disturbances. In addition, we analyzed the clinical and radiological risk factors of sleep disturbance and determined the key risk factors related to sleep disturbance by multivariable analysis. According to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 186 patients with CR were finally included, with a mean age of 59.1 ± 14.3years, of which 113 (60.8%) were female. Sleep disturbance was defined as a PSQI score ≥ 6 and was identified in 56.5% of patients (105/186). By performing multivariate analysis, we determined that sleep disturbance was closely related to the female gender, a higher Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, a reduction in cervical mobility, an increase in C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7 SVA), and severe asymmetry of the paravertebral muscle at C5 and C6 levels. In this study, we identified the high prevalence and potential high-risk factors of sleep disturbance in patients with CR. Clinicians should closely evaluate and monitor such patients and consider appropriate treatment strategies. IV.

Self-reported sleep disturbances among people who have had a stroke: a cross-sectional analysis.

Sleep disturbances and their potential association with stroke remains understudied at a population level. We sought to determine the prevalence of sleep disturbances among people who have effects of stroke compared with the general population. We used data from people aged 18 years or older who responded to the sleep and chronic disease modules of the 2017-2018 cycle of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). We measured sleep disturbances by self-reports of having trouble staying awake most or all of the time; either short (< 5 h) or long (> 9 h) nightly sleep duration; having trouble going to or staying asleep most or all of the time; and never, rarely or sometimes having refreshing sleep. We used log-binomial and multinomial regression to investigate prevalence of sleep disturbances among respondents who reported effects of stroke compared with others, adjusting for confounding factors. We included 46 404 CCHS respondents, 682 of whom reported effects of stroke. The prevalence of sleep disturbances for those with effects of stroke was higher than among others in the sample with regard to trouble staying awake (13.0% v. 6.1%; adjusted relative risk [RR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59-2.94), short or long duration sleep (28.9% v. 10.0%; adjusted RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.57-2.38), trouble going to or staying asleep, (28.1% v. 17.6%; adjusted RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28-1.83) and lack of refreshing sleep (41.1% v. 37.1%; adjusted RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.49). The prevalence of at least 1 reported measure of sleep disturbance was 61.6% among those with effects of stroke, compared with 48.2% among others (adjusted RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.18-1.40). Self-report of having effects of stroke was associated with increased prevalence of sleep disturbances compared with the general population. Sleep disturbances were reported by a high proportion of respondents with effects of stroke, indicating the importance of screening for related disorders.

Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders in chaperones for children in the emergency department in China during COVID-19.

The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in 2019 and its rapid spread across the country caused severe public panic in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health problems of children's chaperones at the emergency clinic during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and to analyze the related influencing factors. A total of 260 chaperones for children in the emergency department participated in this cross-sectional study through the questionnaire constellation platform. The survey period was from February to June 2021. Information collected included demographic data and mental health scales. The Self-Assessment Scale for Anxiety, the Self-Rating Scale for Depression, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index assessed anxiety, depression, and sleep quality, respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze influential factors associated with mental health problems. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders among family members accompanying children attending the emergency room was 41.54%, 20.00%, and 93.08%, respectively, with 21.54% of family members suffering from moderate sleep disorders. Univariate analysis showed that being in Wuhan or not during the city closure (X2 = 8.61, P < .01) was strongly associated with the occurrence of depression; female (X2 = 4.87, P = .03), working or not (X2 = 6.39, P = .01) and fear of going to the hospital (X2 = 7.80, P = .01) were key factors for the occurrence of anxiety symptoms; Knowledge of transmission routes and prevention of COVID-19 (X2 = 12.56, P = .03) was a key factor for sleep disorders; logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that fear of going to the hospital was a risk factor for anxiety symptoms (odds ratio = 2.51, P < .01, 95% confidence interval = 1.30-4.85). Our findings suggest that mental health problems were prevalent among family members accompanying children attending the emergency department during the COVID-19 outbreak, with a high prevalence of sleep disturbances in particular. Relevant factors included presence or absence in Wuhan during the outbreak closure, gender, work or absence, and fear of hospital visits. There is a need to focus on the mental health distress of the chaperones for children in the emergency department, and to provide timely intervention and diversion.

Association of emotional and behavioral problems with sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents: The moderation effect of academic performance

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the association of emotional and behavioral problems with sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents, and to test whether these associations vary with adolescents' academic performance. MethodsData were from the 2021 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey using a multistage, stratified-cluster, and random-sampling method to collect information from 22,684 middle school students in Guangdong Province, China. ResultsEmotional problems (aOR = 1.34, 95 % CI = 1.32–1.36), conduct problems (aOR = 1.19, 95 % CI = 1.16–1.21), hyperactivity (aOR = 1.35, 95 % CI = 1.33–1.37), and peer problems (aOR = 1.06, 95 % CI = 1.04–1.09) were significantly associated with the increased risk of sleep disturbance among middle school students in Guangdong Province. The prevalence of sleep disturbance among adolescents was 29.4 %. There were significant interactions of emotional problems/conduct problems/peer problems/prosocial behavior with academic performance on sleep disturbance. Further stratification analyses by academic performance showed that adolescents with self-reported good academic performance had a higher risk of sleep disturbance than those students with self-reported average or poor academic performance. LimitationsThis study only included school students and used the cross-sectional design to preclude causality determination. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that emotional and behavioral problems elevate the risk of sleep disturbance in adolescents. Adolescent academic performance plays a modulating role in these above-mentioned significant associations for sleep disturbance.

Sleep Disturbances and Mental Well-Being of Preschool Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico.

COVID-19 pandemic confinement caused changes in families and children's routines worldwide. Studies conducted at the beginning of the pandemic have examined the harmful effects of these changes on mental health, including sleep disturbances. As sleep is essential for optimal childhood development, this study was designed to determine preschool-aged (3-6 years old) children's sleep parameters and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Using a cross-sectional design, a survey was applied to parents of preschool children, inquiring about their children's confinement status, routine changes, and electronics use. The parents responded to the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess children's sleep and mental well-being. To provide objective sleep data, the children wore wrist actigraphy for seven days. Fifty-one participants completed the assessment. The children's mean age was 5.2 years, and the prevalence of sleep disturbances was 68.6%. The use of electronic tablets in the bedroom near bedtime and symptoms of mental health deterioration (i.e., emotional distress and behavioral difficulties) were associated with sleep disturbances and their severity. The COVID-19 pandemic's confinement-related routine changes greatly impacted preschool children's sleep and well-being. We recommend establishing age-tailored interventions to manage children at higher risk.

Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance Among DPT Students

Sleeping is essential for student physical as well as mental health. Sleep disturbance is distressing state that affect quality of work. Objective: To determine the sleep disturbance in DPT students. Methods: This observational study recruited 884 participants out of which 800 filled the questionnaire with mean age 21.54 ±1.76 from different medical universities and medical colleges of Punjab. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Both male and female students of all the years of DPT were included. Students with psychiatric illness, chronic medical illness, smoking and taking drugs excluded from the study. The effects of insomnia were checked by Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) questionnaire. For data analysis SPSS version 26 was used. Results: Mean age of the physical therapy students was 21.54 ±1.76. Out of 800, 61.75% students were insomniac. Most of the students had unsatisfactory sleep quality (55.87%), awakening at the night time (62%), and day time sleepiness (76.25%). Conclusion: According to present study prevalence of sleep disturbance was very high among physical therapy students

Sex as a moderator of the sleep and cognition relationship in middle-aged and older adults: A preliminary investigation

ABSTRACT Objectives Despite known sex differences in the prevalence of sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment, research investigating sex differences in sleep/cognition associations is limited. We examined sex as a moderator of associations between self-reported sleep and objective cognition in middle-aged/older adults. Methods Adults aged 50+ (32 men/31 women, Mage = 63.6 ± 7.7) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and cognitive tasks: Stroop (processing speed, inhibition), Posner (spatial attentional orienting) and Sternberg (working memory). Multiple regressions examined whether PSQI metrics (global score, sleep quality ratings, sleep duration, sleep efficiency) were independently or interactively (with sex) associated with cognition, controlling for age and education. Results Sex interacted with sleep quality ratings in its association with endogenous spatial attentional orienting (∆R2 = .10, p = .01). Worse ratings of sleep quality were associated with worse orienting in women (B = 22.73, SE = 9.53, p = .02), not men (p = .24). Sex interacted with sleep efficiency in its associations with processing speed (∆R2 = .06, p = .04). Lower sleep efficiency was associated with slower Stroop control trial performance in women (B = −15.91, SE = 7.57, p = .04), not men (p = .48). Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest middle-aged/older women are more vulnerable to associations between poor sleep quality and low sleep efficiency on spatial attentional orienting and processing speed, respectively. Future studies in larger samples investigating sex-specific prospective sleep and cognition associations are warranted.

Sleep disturbances in Norwegian children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) with and without a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or epilepsy.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) describes a combination of developmental, cognitive, and behavioral disabilities in children with prenatal exposure to alcohol. The literature suggests that there are higher rates of sleep disturbances in these children. Few studies have investigated sleep disturbances in relation to common comorbidities of FASD. We examined the prevalence of disturbed sleep and the relationship between parent-reported sleep problems in different FASD subgroups and comorbidities like epilepsy or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impact on clinical functioning. In this prospective cross-sectional survey, caregivers of 53 children with FASD completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Information about comorbidities was collected, and EEG and assessment of IQ, daily-life executive and adaptive functioning were performed. Group comparisons and ANCOVA interaction models were used to test the associations between different sleep disturbances and clinical factors that could interfere with sleep. An abnormal sleep score on the SDSC was very common, affecting 79% of children (n= 42) with equal prevalence in all FASD subgroups. Difficulty falling asleep was the most common sleep problem, followed by difficulty staying asleep and waking early. The incidence of epilepsy was 9.4%, with an abnormal EEG seen in 24.5%, and a diagnosis of ADHD in 47.2% of children. The distribution of these conditions was equal in all FASD subgroups. Children with signs of sleep disturbance had poorer working memory, executive function, and adaptive functioning. Children with ADHD had a greater prevalence of sleep disturbance than those without ADHD (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.79). Problems with sleep are very common in FASD children and seem independent of FASD subgroup and the presence of epilepsy or a pathological EEG finding, while those with ADHD had more sleep problems. The study underscores the importance of screening for sleep disturbances in all children with FASD as these problems may be treatable.

Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

BackgroundWe aimed to assess the presence of sleep disturbances in adolescents with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and to determine whether demographic, anthropometric, and clinical factors are associated with disrupted sleep. MethodsSleep disturbances and patterns were evaluated in a cohort of adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years) with ongoing IIH and compared with a healthy age- and sex-matched control group. All participants responded to three self-rating questionnaires: the School Sleep Habits Survey (SSHS), the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. The study group's demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were documented, and their association with sleep patterns was examined. ResultsThirty-three adolescents with ongoing IIH and 71 healthy controls were included. There was a significantly higher prevalence of sleep disturbances in the IIH group compared with the controls (SSHS, P < 0.001 and PSQ, P < 0.001), as well as of their independent subscales: sleep-related breathing disorders (P = 0.006), daytime sleepiness (P = 0.04), sleep/wake disruptions (P < 0.001), and sleep-related depressive tendencies (P < 0.001). According to subgroup analyses, these differences were also present between the normal-weight adolescents but not between the overweight IIH and control adolescents. No differences were found in the demographic, anthropometric, and IIH disease-related clinical measures between individuals with IIH with disrupted and normal sleep patterns. ConclusionsSleep disturbances are common among adolescents with ongoing IIH, irrespective of their weight and disease-related characteristics. Screening adolescents with IIH for sleep disturbances is recommended as part of their multidisciplinary management.

A STUDY OF SLEEP QUALITY IN ADOLESCENTS: THE IMPACT OF OVER USE OF MOBILE CELL PHONE IN URBAN SETTING: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: The increase in the number of mobile phone users has increased worldwide . Excessive use of the mobile phone among adolescents often led to later poor sleep quality , which is important for the development for the psychophysiological capabilities. The study assessed the relationship between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality among adolescents Aim: To study the prevalence of mobile phone addiction and sleep quality. To know the role of socio-demographic factors on mobile phone Objective of the study: over use and sleep quality among adolescents. A cross sectional study using convenient sampling method, wit Methodology: Study design: h a study sample consisting of 110 adolescents recruited from under graduate students and people who residing in area of Andhra medical college .Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used for the study (1) Semi structured Performa Study tools: for sociodemographic data,(2) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), (3) Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (MAPS) – 37 items. High M Results: obile Phone Addiction Scale (MAPS)were associated with a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in both boys and girls . These ndings persisted after controlling for other factors in the multiple regression model. Adolescents with mobile phone addiction were more prone Conclusion: to suffer from poor sleep quality. It is recommended that aware the adolescents on adverse effects of excessive use including poor sleep quality. These ndings are implications for adolescents, parents, authorities and researchers

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-REPORTED SLEEP, WRIST ACTIGRAPHY, AND SYMPTOMS AMONG ADULTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD)

Abstract BACKGROUND Recently, there has been a growing recognition of the bidirectional link between sleep and inflammation. Several studies have reported the prevalence of sleep disturbances in those with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and found poor sleep has the potential to increase the risk of disease relapse. Additionally, sleep loss may adversely affect cognitive performance, mental health, metabolism, and pain perception. While previous research has indicated potential associations between sleep and symptoms commonly reported in IBD, few studies use objective measures of sleep. Wrist actigraphy can objectively and non-invasively measure sleep-wake cycles and has been found feasible for use in the IBD population. This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep, wrist actigraphy, and symptoms among adults with IBD. METHODS Participants with IBD (ages 18-55) completed demographic and sleep questionnaires, a 28-day symptom diary, and wore a wrist actigraph for up to 15 days. Sleep questionnaires were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) sleep disturbance, and PROMIS sleep-related impairment. Participants rated symptoms on a 4-point Likert scale, including gastrointestinal-related symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, constipation, fatigue, and extraintestinal symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and stress. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations. RESULTS Twenty-five participants (Crohn’s Disease=18; Ulcerative Colitis=7) were included. The mean age was 33.5 (SD 8.3) years of age, 60% were female, 92% were White, 88% were non-Hispanic or Latino, and 36% had active endoscopic disease. Most (64%) participants had poor quality sleep (PSQI global ≥ 5). In contrast, the averages for onset latency, efficiency, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and total sleep time were all within normal values at 17.4 min (SD 26.7), 84.2% (SD 7.5), 48.7 min (SD 27.3), and 435.8 min (69.2), respectively. PROMIS sleep disturbance was significantly correlated with abdominal pain (r=0.56), bloating (r=0.43), constipation (r=0.46), fatigue (r=0.50), and stress (r=0.42). PROMIS sleep-related impairment was significantly correlated with bloating (r=0.47), constipation (r=0.50), fatigue (r=0.60), depression (r=0.42), and stress (r=0.46). Onset latency was significantly correlated with anxiety (r=0.41) and stress (r=0.42). Sleep time was significantly correlated with fatigue (r=0.42). CONCLUSION This study highlights sleep disturbances are prevalent in those with IBD and significantly correlated with both GI and extraintestinal symptoms. Future work is needed to explore these relationships further and the potential benefit of sleep interventions in this population.

Sleep Abnormalities in Different Clinical Stages of Psychosis

Abnormal sleep is frequent in psychosis; however, sleep abnormalities in different stages (ie, clinical high risk for psychosis [CHR-P], early psychosis [EP], and chronic psychosis [CP]) have not been characterized. To identify sleep abnormalities across psychosis stages. Web of Science and PubMed were searched between inception and June 15, 2022. Studies written in English were included. Sleep disturbance prevalence studies and case-control studies reporting sleep quality, sleep architecture, or sleep electroencephalography oscillations in CHR-P, EP, or CP. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Stage-specific and pooled random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, along with the assessment of heterogeneity, study quality, and meta-regressions (clinical stage, sex, age, medication status, and psychotic symptoms). Sleep disturbance prevalence, self-reported sleep quality, sleep architecture (total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, nonrapid eye movement, rapid eye movement stages, and number of arousals), and sleep electroencephalography oscillations (spindle density, amplitude, and duration, and slow wave density). Fifty-nine studies with up to 6710 patients (n = 5135 for prevalence) and 977 controls were included. Sleep disturbance prevalence in pooled cases was 50% (95% CI, 40%-61%) and it was similar in each psychosis stage. Sleep quality was worse in pooled cases vs controls (standardized mean difference [SMD], 1.00 [95% CI, 0.70-1.30]). Sleep architecture alterations included higher sleep onset latency (SMD [95% CI]: pooled cases, 0.96 [0.62-1.30]; EP, 0.72 [0.52-0.92]; CP, 1.36 [0.66-2.05]), higher wake after sleep onset (SMD [95% CI]: pooled cases, 0.5 [0.29-0.71]; EP, 0.62 [0.34-0.89]; CP, 0.51 [0.09-0.93]), higher number of arousals (SMD [95% CI]: pooled cases, 0.45 [0.07-0.83]; CP, 0.81 [0.30-1.32]), higher stage 1 sleep (SMD [95% CI]: pooled cases, 0.23 [0.06-0.40]; EP, 0.34 [0.15-0.53]), lower sleep efficiency (SMD [95% CI]: pooled cases, -0.75 [-0.98 to -0.52]; EP, -0.90 [-1.20 to -0.60]; CP, -0.73 [-1.14 to -0.33]), and lower rapid eye movement density (SMD [95% CI]: pooled cases, 0.37 [0.14-0.60]; CP, 0.4 [0.19-0.77]). Spindle parameter deficits included density (SMD [95% CI]: pooled cases, -1.06 [-1.50 to -0.63]; EP, -0.80 [-1.22 to -0.39]; CP, -1.39 [-2.05 to -0.74]; amplitude: pooled cases, -1.08 [-1.33 to -0.82]; EP, -0.86 [-1.24 to -0.47]; CP, -1.25 [-1.58 to -0.91]; and duration: pooled cases: -1.2 [-1.69 to -0.73]; EP, -0.71 [-1.08 to -0.34]; CP, -1.74 [-2.10 to -1.38]). Individuals with CP had more frequent arousals vs CHR-P (z = 2.24, P = .02) and reduced spindle duration vs EP (z = -3.91, P < .001). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, sleep disturbances were found to be prevalent throughout the course of psychosis, and different psychosis stages showed both shared and distinct abnormalities in sleep quality, architecture, and spindles. These findings suggest that sleep should become a core clinical target and research domain from at-risk to early and chronic stages of psychosis.

Geographical variation in the association between physical violence and sleep disturbance among adolescents: A population-based, sex-stratified analysis of data from 89 countries

ObjectiveTo examine geographical variations in involvement in physical violence and sleep disturbance among adolescents. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingEighty-nine low- to middle-income and high-income countries ParticipantsAdolescents 13-17 years of age. MeasurementsMultiple binary logistic regression analyses and meta-analyses were performed to assess the link between physical violence (number of physical fights) and sleep disturbance ("mostly" or "always" experienced worry-induced sleep loss). ResultsAmong 296,212 adolescents, 8.9% reported sleep disturbance (male: 7.5%, female: 9.6%), with the highest prevalence among adolescents from the Eastern Mediterranean region (14.1%) and high-income countries (14.1%). Overall, sleep disturbance prevalence increased gradually with the increased episodes of physical violence. Adolescents who were involved in physical violence once, 2-3 times, and 4+ times were respectively 18%, 26%, and 77% more likely than their counterparts to experience sleep disturbance (1 time: OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.13-1.24; 2-3 times: 1.26, 1.20-1.34; 4+ times: 1.77, 1.66-1.88). The association between physical violence and sleep disturbance was observed in all regions and country-income groups, with the highest odds of sleep disturbance among adolescents experiencing 4+ times of physical violence in the European region (2.34, 1.17-4.67) and upper-middle-income countries (1.91, 1.73-2.11). The association of physical violence with sleep disturbance by sex was significant in all regions and country-income groups, except the European region. ConclusionsExposure to physical violence is associated with increased odds of sleep disturbances in adolescents. School and community-level interventions, vigilance, and programs to promote violence-free environments may improve the sleep health of adolescents exposed to physical violence.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors For Poor Sleep Quality Amongst Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Undergraduate medical students have consistently been shown to have high prevalence of mental health disorders in comparison to their peers from non-medical backgrounds and sleep quality is a critical aspect for maintaining mental wellbeing. The aim of this study is to compile prevalence on poor sleep quality and analyze its potential risk factors. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University. Undergraduate medical students asked to fill out a self-reported questionnaire that was sent via email which included the 14-point Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). 302 students responded and the data was analyzed using chi square and logistic regression to determine their association with Sex, BMI, Year of Study and Academic Score. Results: The mean age of study participants was 21.58 + 1.41 years and majority were males (58%). The mean PSQI, ESS and PSS scores were 6.35 + 3.28, 7.72 + 4.58 and 28.38 + 7.81 respectively. 11.3% of participants reported poor sleep quality, which was significantly associated with female sex and academic performance. 28.5% of students had excessive daytime sleepiness, which was significantly associated with female sex and academic year (first year). “Stress” and “Overthinking/Anxiety” were the two most common self-reported reasons for Poor Sleep Quality. 85.4% of students were stressed with an average PSS score of 28.38 + 7.81. Conclusion: This study therefore shows a high prevalence of stress with moderate sleep disturbance prevalence, which was associated with female sex and academic performance.

Subjective sleep quality and fatigue assessment in Polish adult patients with primary immunodeficiencies: A pilot study.

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are clinically heterogeneous disorders caused by abnormalities in the immune system. However, PIDs are genetically determined and may occur at any age from early childhood to elderly age. Due to chronic patterns, the risk of malignancy and organ damage in patients with PIDs may affect any aspect of life, including sleep patterns. To our knowledge, the prevalence of insomnia and subjective sleep quality have not been investigated in patients with PIDs. Therefore, this pilot study was conducted to investigate sleep quality, the prevalence of sleep disturbances, and fatigue in adult patients with PIDs in Poland. All participants were surveyed using the Athens Insomnia Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fatigue Severity Scale, and a questionnaire concerning general health and demographic data. We included 92 participants: 48 women (52.2%) and 44 men (47.8%). Participants' mean age was 41.9 ± 13.9 years. The mean sleep duration was 7.0 ± 1.5 hours, and the mean sleep latency was 41.2 ± 53.1 minutes. Additionally, 44.6% of patients (n=41) had symptoms of insomnia and 44.6% (n=42) had poor sleep quality. Less than one-fourth (n=22; 23.9%) of the patients reported the use of sleeping pills; moreover, clinically significant fatigue was reported in 52.2% (n=48). Our investigation provides insight into the problem of sleep disturbances in patients with PIDs. Data have demonstrated that sleeping disorders with concomitant fatigue are common in patients with PID. Further studies are needed to determine the determinants of poor sleep quality in this specific group of patients.

The association between sedentary behavior, exercise, and sleep disturbance: A mediation analysis of inflammatory biomarkers.

Two related lifestyle behaviors associated with sleep disturbance are sedentary behavior and physical exercise participation. We aimed to use a population-based study to disentangle the relationships between sedentary behavior, exercise, and sleep disturbance based on blood-cell-based inflammatory biomarkers. A total of 22,599 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in the analyses. Sleep disturbance was assessed according to the NHANES questionnaire. Exercise participation ansd sedentary behavior were evaluated by the global physical activity questionnaire. The inflammatory biomarkers in the examination were white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count (NEU), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII). A complex multistage sampling design and weighted multivariable logistic regression were applied for further analysis. Mediation models were constructed to figure out the mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers. The weighted prevalence of sleep disturbance was 24.17%. Sedentary behavior and exercise were associated with sleep disturbance after full adjustment [for sedentary behavior, OR (95% CI): 1.261 (1.154, 1.377); for exercise, OR (95% CI): 0.849 (0.757, 0.953)]. In severe sedentary behavior groups, the mitigation effect of exercise on sleep disturbance was observed [OR (95% CI): 0.687 (0.551, 0.857)]. For the mechanism, strong associations were detected between inflammatory biomarkers and sleep disturbance. Mediation analysis showed that WBC, NEU, NLR, and SII mediated the statistical association between sedentary behavior and sleep disturbance with proportions (%) of 2.09, 2.27, 1.76, and 0.82, respectively. Our data suggested that sedentary behavior was a risk factor for sleep disturbance. Blood-cell-based inflammatory biomarkers were an easily accessible and cost-effective strategy for identifying sleep disturbance and also significantly mediated the association between sedentary behavior and sleep disturbance. Exercise was proved to be effective in severe sedentary behavior groups to improve sleep disturbance symptoms, while the internal mechanism needed further exploration.

Sleep disturbance in post COVID-19 conditions: Prevalence and quality of life.

Post COVID-19 conditions are complaints and symptoms in patients with a history of probable or confirmed COVID-19 after 3 months of the onset of COVID-19 and last at least 2 months. About 10-20% of people may experience post COVID-19 conditions, one of which is sleep disturbance. There is a wide range of prevalence of sleep disturbances from 6% to more than 70%. An online survey of the post COVID-19 conditions in various countries showed that 78.58% of subjects had sleep disturbances, including insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders. Sleep disturbance can be found starting from 2 weeks until 48 weeks or more after discharge or after having a negative COVID-19 test results. Women aged < 50 years old with severe COVID-19 infection reported a worse outcome. Several mechanisms may cause sleep disturbance in post COVID-19 condition, namely persistent viral infection and inflammation, immunity dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Several studies discovered sleep disturbance was a major problem that affected different domains of QoL in post COVID-19 conditions. Significant correlation was found between several dimensions of SF-36 with moderate-to-severe insomnia in post COVID-19 conditions. Therefore, sleep disturbance is a major problem in post COVID-19 conditions and may affect patients' QoL, and the existence of sleep disturbance should be a concern in post COVID-19 conditions period. Further research is required to determine the prevalence based on agreed definition as well as methods to assess this condition and its impact on QoL.

High prevalence of insomnia among physiatrists in the Czech Republic: A web-based questionnaire survey.

Physicians who suffer from poor sleep quality are at an increased risk of mistakes and poor decision-making. We deemed it noteworthy to assess sleep quality in practicing physiatrists, previously reported to be at higher risk of physician burnout, which was documented associated with sleep deprivation. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of sleep disturbance among practicing physiatrists and evaluate the association of sleep quality with their sleep hygiene habits and depression. Of the 101 study participants (77 females) who met the inclusion criteria, the majority was between the age of 25 and 40 years (70.3%); 62 (61.4%) were specialists and 39 (38.6%) were in training. In this cross-sectional study, practicing physiatrists were invited to complete an anonymous and voluntary web-based survey. The survey consisted of questions covering demographic information, nicotine and caffeine consumption, exercise habits, and three questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Sixty-five (64.4%) respondents showed poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), and 23 (22.8%) showed at least mild symptoms of depression (BDI-II>13). The mean PSQI, SHI, BDI-II scores were 6.85±3.09, 18.18±5.35, and 8.36±7.52, respectively. Poor sleep quality was significantly positively correlated with symptoms of depression and sleep hygiene misbehavior. We found that 64.4% of practicing physiatrists suffered from poor sleep quality, and 22.8% showed at least mild symptoms of depression. Considerable efforts should be directed toward sleep hygiene behavior and mental health improvement.