Prevalence Of Sleep Disturbances Research Articles

Analysis of Changes in Sleep Quality and Patterns after Hip Fracture Using Real Evidence of Artificial Intelligence Linked (REAL) Hip Cohort Data.

Background and Objectives: Hip fractures are commonly found in elderly patients, and often result in chronic pain and decreased physical function, as well as worsening of overall health. It is known that early surgical intervention during the acute phase and rehabilitation are important for improving clinical outcomes for these patients. However, the importance of management for improving the quality of life of these patients is becoming more emphasized. Studies on changes in sleep patterns after hip fractures are rare overseas. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with hip fractures and to analyze the changes in sleep disturbance after surgery by comparing the preoperative and postoperative results. Materials and Methods: During the period from August 2022 to January 2023, patients who underwent surgical treatment for hip fractures and were recruited into the REAL Hip Cohort were selected as research subjects. The sleep survey was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI is composed of 18 questions, each divided into areas of sleep quality, sleep latency, duration, efficiency, disturbance, use of medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each area is scored 0-3 points and the total is 0-21. A score greater than five indicates sleep disorder. The PSQI was surveyed during hospitalization and three months after surgery for post-fracture sleep status. To analyze changes before and after the fracture, paired T-tests and chi-square tests were performed. Results: From August 2022 to January 2023, a total of 40 patients who were recruited into the REAL Hip Cohort responded to the PSQI survey. The average age was 77.4 years and 36 were female. Sleep quality worsened from 0.75 ± 1.0 before surgery to 1.4 ± 1.0 three months after surgery (p = 0.019), and sleep efficiency also worsened from 0.4 ± 0.6 to 1.4 ± 1.0 (p < 0.001). The PSQI increased from an average of 5.2 ± 2.8 before surgery to 8.2 ± 4.2 three months after surgery (p = 0.007), and the number of patients who could be diagnosed with sleep disorders also increased from 12 (40%) to 24 (60%) (p = 0.030). Conclusions: A decline in overall sleep status was observed in patients in a survey on sleep patterns three months after hip fracture. Additional management is needed to improve their sleep patterns.

FC14: Measuring the prevalence of sleep disturbance in people living with dementia in the community. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives:Sleep disturbance affects all aspects of mental and physical functioning and quality of life and may lead to or worsen Alzheimer’s disease. Sleep disturbances in people with dementia living at home predicts care home admission and carer distress. Estimates of the prevalence of sleep disturbance vary, and it is unclear how prevalence rates differ according to setting. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of sleep disturbances in people living with dementia in the community. We aimed to examine demographic predictors and whether overall prevalence has changed over time.Methods:We searched Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO for studies reporting the prevalence of sleep disturbances in people with dementia living at home. We meta-analysed data and calculated the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances in people with dementia overall and in dementia subtypes. We used meta-regressions to investigate the effects of study characteristics, publication dates and participant demographics.Results:Eleven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of any symptoms of sleep disturbance was 26% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 23-30%; n= 2719) and of clinically significant sleep disturbance 19% (95% CI: 13-25%; n= 2753). The pooled prevalence of sleep disturbance symptoms was significantly lower among people with Alzheimer’s disease (24%; 95% CI: 16-33%, n=310) than Lewy body dementia (49%; 95% CI: 37-61%, n=65). Meta-regression analysis did not find that publication year, participant’s age, sex and study quality predicted prevalence.Conclusion:Sleep disturbances are common among people with dementia living in the community, especially in Lewy body dementia. There was no change in prevalence according to publication dates (between 2002 and 2018). This suggests that possible advances in treatment of sleep disturbance are not reflected in improvements for people living with dementia. This highlights the need to develop effective intervention strategies, reducing the prevalence of sleep disturbances in people living with dementia living at home in the community.

Sleep and Its Disturbance in Parents of Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sleep disturbances are commonly reported by parents of children and adolescents with epilepsy. However, evidence synthesis including quality and quantity of sleep in parents of children and adolescents with epilepsy is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to quantify pooled mean estimates of parental sleep variables and to determine the prevalence of sleep disturbances in parents of children and adolescents with epilepsy. Five electronic databases, PubMed, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, and CINAHL, were systematically searched from inception to September 2021. Eleven observational studies examining parents of pediatric patients aged <18 years with epilepsy using a quantitative measure of sleep duration, sleep quality, or sleep disturbance were reviewed. Our results showed that the pooled nocturnal sleep duration was 5.93 hours (95% CI: 4.64 to 7.21 hours). Overall sleep quality as estimated by the bias-adjusted pooled Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score was 6.65 (95% CI: 5.98 to 7.33). Parents of children with epilepsy had significantly higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total scores compared to parents of healthy children (differences in means 1.84, 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.39). The pooled estimated prevalence of parental sleep disturbances was 58.1% (95% CI: 45.7% to 69.6%). Our findings demonstrate a high prevalence of sleep disturbances with poor sleep quality and substantial reductions in sleep time in parents of children and adolescents with epilepsy. Healthcare professionals in pediatric neurology clinics should proactively initiate screening for sleep disturbances in parents of children and adolescents with epilepsy and refer parents to a sleep specialist when necessary.

Tasmanian ISLAND Sleep Study: prodromal neurodegenerative disease (iRBD) is associated with subjective reports of daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality

AbstractBackgroundIsolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is a prodrome to dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and other neurodegenerative disease (NDD) such that over 90% of people with iRBD (pwRBD) will develop a NDD within 10 years of diagnosis. Disrupted sleep and dream‐enactment episodes are frequently observed by bed partners of pwRBD but it is unclear whether pwRBD perceive reduced sleep quality themselves, as previous studies show inconsistent results. This research aims to investigate sleep quality in iRBD and we hypothesise that people with probable iRBD (pwpRBD) will report poorer sleep quality, compared to healthy controls.MethodAdults aged 50+ years in the Tasmanian ISLAND Sleep Study, Australia, completed the single REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder Screening Question (RBD1Q) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) online. The PSQI includes a ‘total sleep quality’ score as well as 7 subscales: duration of sleep, sleep disturbance, sleep latency, day dysfunction due to sleepiness, sleep efficiency, overall sleep quality, and need meds to sleep.Result2,905 participants were recruited (mean (SD) age 64 (7.7) years; 26% male) and 273 (9.4%) screened positive for pRBD (45% male). In the pRBD group, 66% had poor total sleep quality, compared to 57% of controls (p = 0.001). pRBD was associated with a greater prevalence of sleep disturbance (67% vs 54%) and daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness (24% vs 11%). There was no difference in sleep duration, sleep latency, or sleep efficiency between pRBD and controls.ConclusionWe found that pwpRBD report more sleep disturbance, daytime sleepiness and overall poorer sleep quality compared to those without pRBD. This suggests that pwpRBD may suffer from greater sleepiness than has previously been reported in the literature and highlights the importance of sleep enquiries in those with suspected prodromal NDD who drive or operate machinery.

Sleep disturbances in the memory clinic: Associations with clinical features and neuropsychological performance

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of sleep disturbances increases in ageing and may further increase in neurodegeneration. In a memory and cognition (MC) clinic setting, our study aims to: 1) determine the rates of various sleep disturbances including obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), short and long sleep duration, insomnia, sleep quality, and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD); and 2) examine whether these sleep disturbances are associated with neuropsychological performance in older adults without dementia.MethodWe captured data between 2009 and 2022 from a MC clinic for older adults aged over 50 with new cognitive and/or mood concerns. Self‐reported history, pulse oximetry, and polysomnography (PSG) captured rates of OSA. Actigraphy (&gt;7 days) was used to measure sleep duration (defined short duration as &lt;6 hours and long duration as &gt;9 hours). Validated self‐report questionnaires were used to capture insomnia, sleep quality, and RBD. We examined group differences between those with and without sleep disturbances in the following cognitive composites: verbal learning and memory, processing speed, executive function, and language skills.ResultsWe recruited 1016 participants (mean age = 66.9 (SD = 9.0), mean MMSE = 28.3 (SD = 2.2), male = 436 (43%)). For rates of OSA, 15% (n = 152/1016) self‐reported history of OSA, 76% (n = 383/504) had OSA as classified by PSG, 84% (n = 115/137) had OSA as classified by pulse oximetry. From actigraphy data, 10% (n = 55/566) had short sleep and 5% (n = 29/566) had long sleep duration. From self‐report data, 15% (n = 85/579) had moderate or severe clinical insomnia, 61% (n = 544/893) reported having poor sleep quality, 10% (n = 56/579) had RBD. Individuals with OSA (from PSG) performed worse in verbal learning compared to those without OSA (p&lt;0.05). Individuals who had long sleep duration performed worse on both verbal learning (p&lt;0.05) and memory (p&lt;0.05) than those with short sleep and normal sleep duration. There were no other significant group differences in cognition outcomes, amongst the other sleep disturbance groups (p&gt;0.05).ConclusionIn MC clinics, there are very high rates of sleep disturbance in this at‐risk population. The large discrepancy in rates of OSA between self‐reported history and PSG suggests OSA is under‐diagnosed. Sleep disturbances may be associated with cognitive outcomes, in particular learning and memory.

Neighborhood problems and sleep difficulties predict subjective cognitive decline in Black American men living in urban areas

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of the residential neighborhood on health and aging is being increasingly recognized in medical and health sciences. Specifically, research suggests that the neighborhood where people live can be a risk or protective factor for various health outcomes, including brain health. Similar to the impact of neighborhood on health and aging, sleep has been linked to subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults, which may signal a cognitive trajectory to Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). This study aims to evaluate whether neighborhood problems and sleep difficulties predict subjective cognitive decline in Black men living in urban areas and, thus, may be related to elevated risks for ADRD.MethodBlack American men (N = 117), age 40 – 70 years, were recruited through a targeted advert on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTURK) over a 3‐week period. The participants responded to a survey assessing neighborhood problems, bodily symptoms, length of residence, sleep difficulties, self‐rated health, sociodemographic characteristics, and subjective cognitive decline.ResultWe performed hierarchical regression. In Model 1, only education was a significant predictor of SCD (F (3,113) = 8.52, p&lt;.001), accounting for 18% of the variation in SCD. In Model 2, socioeconomic status, education, and bodily symptoms were significant predictors of SCD (F (5,111) = 13.99, p&lt;.001) and explained 39% of the variation in SCD. In Model 3, neighborhood problems, length of residence added, socioeconomic status, education, and bodily symptoms were significant predictors and contributed 44% of the total variance in SCD (F (7,109) = 12.10, p&lt;.001). In Model 4, sleep difficulties, length of residence, bodily symptoms, socioeconomic status, and education were significant predictors of SCD (F (9,107) = 13.59, p&lt;.001), and accounted for 50% of the variation in SCD.ConclusionGiven that Black Americans have been found to have a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances compared to white Americans, our findings could add to inform future health interventions and policy recommendations that can address modifiable sources of poorer brain health in Black men.

Sleep Disturbances predict cognitive decline in cognitively healthy adults

AbstractBackgroundSleep disturbances, including insomnia, poor sleep quality, and sleep fragmentation, are implicated in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in older adults. However, the effect of sleep disturbances on lifespan in those with cognitive impairment has not been studied independently from other neuropsychiatric symptoms such as disinhibition. The purpose of this study was to determine if sleep disturbances predict increased risk of earlier mortality across cognitive status (e.g., normal, mild cognitive impairment [MCI] and dementia) and risk of mortality independent from other neuropsychiatric symptoms known to predict dementia.MethodThe National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database was used to evaluate the mortality risk conferred by nighttime behaviors as determined by the neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire (NPI‐Q). The effect of nighttime behaviors was used as a surrogate for sleep disturbances at the participant’s baseline assessment. Based on previous work, cognitive status was stratified by normal cognitive, MCI, and dementia using Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Covariates of age, sex, education, race, and other NPI‐Q items on mortality risk were analyzed using Cox regression.ResultThe sample was comprised of 31,288 participants, of whom 10,329 (33%) died during follow‐up and lasted a median [interquartile range] of 56.5 [30.2 – 88.8] months for deaths and 39.5 [23.1 – 75.1] months for survivors. One‐fifth of patients (n = 6509) experienced nighttime behaviors (e.g., nighttime awakenings). Worse cognitive status, older age, female sex, lower education, and increased neuropsychiatric burden increased mortality risk (ps≤.02). However, when explored independently, nighttime behaviors were found to predict earlier mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.11 95% CI: [1.06,1.16], p&lt;.001).ConclusionFindings expand on current evidence that the cross‐sectional prevalence of sleep disturbances increases with worsening cognition. Sleep disturbances predicted a higher risk of mortality while controlling for other variables. Potential mechanisms by which sleep disturbances may play a role in cognitive impairment or earlier mortality should be explored, including circadian rhythm disturbances and alteration in homeostatic and motivational processes.

Prevalence and influencing factors of sleep disturbance among medical students under the COVID-19 pandemic.

Medical students may feel severe psychological stress during COVID-19, which might impair their ability to sleep. This research aimed to look at the risk factors for sleep disturbance and the prevalence of sleep disturbance among medical students. 538 medical students in total were recruited for this research. Anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance were assessed using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). To evaluate the possible risk variables, we computed descriptive statistics for each assessment item and ran univariate and logistic regression analyses. Medical students had a 63.6% prevalence of sleep disturbance (n = 342). According to logistic regression, introverted students are 1.77 times more likely than extroverted students to have sleep disturbance (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.08-2.91). Medical students with depression had a 5.6-times higher risk of sleep disturbance than those without depression (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 3.43-9.15). Additionally, medical students with anxiety were 3.95 times more likely than those without anxiety to have sleep disturbance (OR = 3.95, 95% CI 2.04-7.64). According to this research, the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant sleep disturbance among medical students. Additionally, among medical students, introversion, anxiety, and depression were risk factors for sleep disturbance.

Sleep in psoriasis: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveCurrently, there are discrepant results regarding the quantitative effect of psoriasis on sleep, which may, in part, be attributed to the use of non-standardised questionnaires. MethodsThe PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for cross-sectional, case-control or cohort studies that recruited patients with psoriasis and healthy controls and reported data regarding Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the prevalence of sleep disturbance (SD) based on the PSQI, published from inception up to January 2023. Secondary outcomes included scores for the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and risk for restless legs syndrome (RLS). Meta-analyses using random-effects models were used for statistical analyses. ResultsFifteen studies including 1274 patients with psoriasis and 775 controls were analysed. A higher PSQI (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 3.397, P < 0.001, I2 = 84.2%) and a higher risk for SD (odds ratio [OR] = 6.640, P < 0.001, I2 = 67.5%) were observed in patients with psoriasis compared with controls. Subgroup analyses revealed a greater difference in PSQI score and/or risk for SD between patients with psoriasis and controls in subgroups of psoriatic arthritis, moderate-to-severe psoriasis, shorter psoriasis duration, and younger age. Moreover, patients with psoriasis exhibited higher ISI (WMD = 2.709, P < 0.001) and BDI scores (WMD = 4.565, P = 0.001), and risk for RLS (OR = 4.689, P = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in ESS scores (WMD = -0.229, P = 0.77) compared with controls. ConclusionPsoriasis was associated with poor sleep quality and higher risk for SD, especially among patients with psoriatic arthritis, severe psoriasis, shorter duration of psoriasis, and younger age. Patients with psoriasis were also more likely to experience insomnia, RLS, and depression.

The effects of ketogenic dietary therapies on sleep: A scoping review.

Sleep problems are common in neurological conditions for which ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are recognised as an effective intervention (drug-resistant epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and migraine). Given the composite framework of action of ketogenic dietary therapies, the prevalence of sleep disturbance, and the importance of sleep regulation, the present scoping review aimed at identifying and mapping available evidence of the effects of ketogenic dietary therapies on sleep. A comprehensive web-based literature search was performed retrieving publications published to June 2023 using PubMed and Scopus, yielding to 277 records. Twenty papers were finally selected and included in the review. Data were abstracted by independent coders. High variability was identified in study design and sleep outcome evaluation among the selected studies. Several changes in sleep quality and sleep structure under ketogenic dietary therapies were found, namely an improvement of overall sleep quality, improvement in the difficulty falling asleep and nighttime awakenings, improvement in daytime sleepiness and an increase of REM sleep. The relevance and possible physiological explanations of these changes, clinical recommendations, and future directions in the field are discussed.

A cross-sectional survey on sleep disturbances with special reference to sleep quality among COVID-19-recovered patients attending outpatient department of a medical college hospital in Eastern India

Background: The prevalence of sleep problems is approximately 40% among the general and health-care populations. Post-covid-19 sleep disturbances may persist for a long time and are often precursors of psychiatric disorders and expeditors of many systemic diseases. Studies on sleep quality in COVID-19 patients are considerable but in post-COVID-recovered subjects are scanty. There is no study on sleep quality of such patients in Eastern India. Aims and Objectives: We hypothesize that both sleep disturbances and sleep quality may be affected in subjects in their post-COVID state. Therefore, we planned to study the prevalence of sleep disturbances, sleep quality, severity of insomnia, and the relationship of different parameters with respect to sleep quality. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty COVID-19-recovered patients were administered a pre-structured questionnaire including Pittsburgh sleep quality index and insomnia severity index containing various sleep parameters. Results: Majority of the study participants had sleep disturbances in the form of change in sleep pattern (59.6%), poor sleep quality (77.6%), reduced sleep duration (29.6%), daytime sleepiness (20%), difficulty in sleep initiation (29.6%), and subthreshold insomnia (53.6%). Poor sleep quality was strongly associated with reinfection, change in sleep pattern after infection, sleep pattern alteration during pandemic, and those who felt tired during daytime. Conclusion: This study concludes that a significant number of COVID-19-recovered subjects experienced sleep disturbances including poor sleep quality.

Prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with long COVID assessed by standardised questionnaires and diagnostic criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveWe aimed to study the prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with long COVID-19. MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients post COVID-19. We systematically searched relevant studies from three databases, including Medline, Embase and Scopus. Original articles were included based on specific criteria: peer-reviewed, observational studies involving adults (18 or older) with confirmed post COVID-19 status through PCR testing and focused on sleep in the context of post COVID-19. Exclusion criteria included non-English articles, studies with insufficient data, and narrative/systematic reviews. The search was performed from 31st July 2023 to 15th August 2023. We identified 35 eligible papers; however, we excluded 6 studies which did not describe the sleep assessment. We used a random-effects meta-analysis model to estimate the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances. Results29 studies involved 13,935 long COVID-19 patients; approximately 39% of participants were male aged 18 to 97 years. The overall pooled prevalence of sleep disturbance was 46% (95% CI: 38–54%). Subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality was 56% (95% CI: 47–65%). The pooled prevalence of insomnia was 38% (95% CI: 28–48%). Finally, the pooled prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness was 14% (95% CI: 0–29%). ConclusionSleep disturbances are common in long COVID-19 patients. The healthcare sector should recognise these sleep issues and provide an early, effective treatment to prevent long-term sequelae of sleep problems.

Prevalence of sleep disturbances and its relationship with mobile phone overuse among an Iranian sample of students: a necessity for attention

Background and objectivesSleep disturbances are recognized as a potential core feature of some major psychiatric conditions, and overuse of mobile phones in recent years can leave potential negative effects on this central feature, which is especially important to assess among students. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbances and its relationship with mobile phone overuse among an Iranian sample of university students.MethodsAfter 406 Iranian students from the Birjand University of Medical Sciences completed the demographic data, Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires, data were analyzed using independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results74.4% of individuals had a moderate to severe problem with their subjective sleep quality, and 33.7% had moderate to severe problems with delay in falling asleep. Additionally, 44.1% of individuals experienced mild to moderate problems in sleep duration, and most of them (97.3%) severely suffered from inadequate sleep efficiency. In terms of sleep disorders, 78.8% of individuals reported a mild problem. Furthermore, most individuals (81.3%) have not used sleep-inducing medications to fall asleep, and in terms of daily dysfunction, 75.57% individuals had mild to moderate problems. Additionally, a significant positive correlation of 0.244 was observed between the score of sleep disturbances and mobile phone overuse (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of sleep disturbances was quite considerable, and there was a significant positive relationship between excessive mobile phone use and sleep disturbances among the target group.

Changes in sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents: A population-based online survey

ObjectiveSleep disturbance is prevalent among adolescents but little is known about the short-term changes among Chinese adolescents. The study aimed to explore the prevalence and change patterns of sleep disturbance and identify its risk and protective factors. MethodsData were collected online from April 21st to May 12th, 2021 (Time 1, T1) and December 17th to 26th, 2021 (Time 2, T2). The final sample comprised 34,260 adolescents. Self-administrated questionnaires were used to assess socio-demographic variables, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, life events, family function, and resilience. ResultsThe prevalence of sleep disturbance was 12.0% at T1 and 11.8% at T2, with higher rates in females than males. Four groups of sleep disturbance change patterns were identified: non-sleep disturbance group (80.4%), persistent group (4.2%), new-onset group (7.6%), and remission group (7.8%). Risk factors for new-onset sleep disturbance included being in junior high school (AOR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.15–1.38), family history of mental disorders (AOR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.03–2.15), and moderate (AOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.13–1.36) and severe (AOR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.27–1.72) family dysfunction. Risk factors for persistent sleep disturbance included being in junior (AOR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.08–1.45) and senior (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.15–2.03) high school, parental currently unmarried status (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.05–1.73), moderate (AOR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02–1.39) and severe (AOR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06–1.55) family dysfunction. Medium (AOR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.43–0.53) and high (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.29–0.40) levels of resilience were protective factors against new-onset sleep disturbance, as well as against persistent sleep disturbance (medium level: AOR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.43–0.60; high level: AOR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.25–0.43). ConclusionsInterventions aimed at promoting family functions and enhancing resilience may improve sleep disturbance among adolescents.

Comparing the Effects of Acupressure and Clonazepam Tablets on Sleep Quality of Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The current study aimed to compare the impact of acupressure and clonazepam tablets on the quality of sleep in hemodialysis patients in light of the rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the high prevalence of sleep disturbance in these patients, and the side effects of hypnotic drugs. Method : A total of 60 patients were selected for this randomized, controlled clinical trial and randomly assigned to two groups. For two weeks during the researcher's evening shift, one group received acupressure (six spots bilaterally for three minutes each day). The opposing group was administered clonazepam tablets (0.5 mg) for two weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which measures sleep quality, was used to compare sleep in the two groups before and after the intervention. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups prior to the intervention (P = 0.75) in terms of the mean pre-intervention PSQI scores for the acupressure and clonazepam groups, which were 15.83 ± 1.51 and 16.17 ± 0.91, respectively. However, the average PSQI scores after the intervention in the clonazepam and acupressure groups were 13.25 ± 2.88 and 8.97 ± 4.29, respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). Both the acupressure and the clonazepam groups showed improvements in their post-intervention sleep quality among the patients. However, when the percentage changed in the mean scores of the total score and all of the PSQI components were calculated for each group, it became clear that acupressure was more effective at enhancing sleep than clonazepam tablets. Conclusion: The findings of the present investigation demonstrate that acupressure has a greater impact on patients' sleep quality compared to clonazepam tablets. Depending on the circumstances, acupressure can be used as a simple, safe, and non-drug way to enhance hemodialysis patients' quality of sleep.

Sleep and depression in couples during the transition to parenthood

ABSTRACT Objectives The objectives were to: (1) investigate the prevalence, differences and changes in sleep quality over time among Chinese couples during pregnancy and at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum and (2) examine the association between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Method This study was part of an intervention study for postnatal depression. Childbearing couples were recruited from antenatal clinics. Data on sleep and depression during pregnancy and at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively. Results The prevalence of sleep disturbance (PSQI score > 5) during pregnancy and at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum was 45.0%, 62.8% and 36.8%, respectively, among women and 26.4%, 36.4% and 27.3%, respectively, among men. Sleep quality declined significantly in both partners from pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum, followed by a significant improvement by 6 months postpartum. The results revealed significant correlations between partners’ scores on sleep quality across the perinatal period, with women experiencing poorer sleep quality than men. Poor sleep was associated with depressive symptoms across the perinatal period for both partners. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of screening couples for sleep disturbances throughout pregnancy and the postnatal period and assisting them to develop strategies to improve sleep quality during the transition to parenthood.

Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Primary Healthcare Centers in the South Region of Abha City.

Background Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose). This issue is of considerable importance in the field of public health, as it has a global impact on a substantial number of individuals. The primary emphasis in the management of type 2 diabetes is centered around achieving glycemic control, implementing lifestyle adjustments, and employing pharmaceutical therapies as preventive measures or for the purpose of managing problems that may arise as a result of the disease. Aim This research aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep-belated issues among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methodology A total of 230 participants with type 2 diabetes patients of primary healthcare in Abha city whose age is ≥18 years were included in the study. The data collection process involved the distribution of a self-administered questionnaire that assessed various aspects of sleep disturbances, including difficulties in falling asleep, waking up during the night, excessive daytime sleepiness, and restless legs or leg muscle cramps. The questionnaire also collected demographic information and data on potential risk factors such as alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, and smoking/tobacco product use. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and significance levels were set at p < 0.05. Results The findings revealed a prevalence of sleep disturbances among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Difficulties in falling asleep and waking up during the night were reported by a substantial proportion of participants, and a notable number experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. Restless legs or leg muscle cramps that interrupted sleep were experienced occasionally by 16.5% and frequently by 8.7% of the participants. The study also found a significant association between the presence of sleep problems and lower sleep quality ratings. However, no significant associations were found between sleep disturbances and the duration of type 2 diabetes or the examined risk factors. Conclusion The findings from this study emphasize the detrimental effects of sleep disturbances on sleep quality and suggest that improving sleep quality can positively influence the overall health and well-being of individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Prevalence of sleep disturbance among adolescents with substance use: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeSleep disturbance has become a major challenge among adolescents worldwide. Substance use is among the most common factors contributing to sleep disturbance. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence and categories of sleep disturbance among adolescents with substance use.MethodsWe comprehensively searched for relevant studies published in the following databases from inception to August 2022: CINHAL (via EBSCOhost), PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, Embase, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 software. We used a random-effects model to pool prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Forest plots and p values for the Cochran Q statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to compare the groups and identify the sources of heterogeneity.ResultsWe examined 18 studies that reported insomnia, hypersomnolence, sleep-related breathing disorders as sleep disturbances among adolescents with the use of alcohol, smoking, marijuana, and coffee. The total sample was 124,554. The overall prevalence rate of sleep disturbance was 29% (95% CI: 0.201–0.403). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence rates of insomnia and hypersomnolence were higher among alcohol users (31%; 95% CI: 0.100–0.654) and smokers (46%; 95% CI: 0.232–0.700). The study design and method of assessment groups were the significant moderators that showed the source of variation in the included studies.ConclusionSleep disturbance is highly prevalent among adolescents with substance use. Insomnia and hypersomnolence are more prevalent among alcohol users and smokers, respectively. On the basis of our findings, health-care providers can develop effective targeted interventions to reduce substance use, prevent sleep disturbance, and promote healthy sleep habits among adolescents.

Sleep disturbances in subjects with autism spectrum disorder: A parental perspective

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbances (SDs), their related comorbidities, interventions and the impact on the family for individuals with current SDs and those who had SDs in the past. MethodsMembers of the Italian national association of parents of persons with autism (ANGSA) completed an anonymous online survey collecting demographic data, the presence of comorbidities and specific information on sleep arrangement and sleep disorders using a modified version of the of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). ResultsThe final sample consisted of 143 participants, 90 patients presented current SDs (C_SDs) and 53 reported previous SDs (P_SDs). In the C_SDs group, the most prevalent sleep disorders were related to insomnia and, especially, difficulty falling asleep; a high number of individuals presented with restless sleep. Also, the parents in the P_SDs group retrospectively reported a high prevalence of insomnia with difficulty falling asleep, night awakenings and restless sleep.Parents reported that sleep hygiene practice were effective in less than one third of cases in both groups and the most used compound was immediate-release melatonin, followed by antihistamines and then benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and antidepressants, with approximately 60–70% reported efficacy. Parents of both groups reported that insomnia negatively affected their children behavior and caused stress, mood changes or physical fatigue in their daily life. ConclusionOur study shows that insomnia is most prevalent in individuals with autism with several consequences on children and family behavior and quality of life. As reported by parents, melatonin might be helpful for sleep disturbances in these children and the causes of restless sleep need further investigations.

E12 Sleep disturbance among Juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients

Abstract Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common pediatric condition that is often associated with chronic pain and physical disability. Moreover, it is also comorbid with sleep problems which considerably affects the patient’s daily functioning [1]. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess sleep disturbances among JIA patients. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients with JIA according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR). Sociodemographic data as well as disease characteristics were collected. Sleep disturbance was assessed by two questionnaires: the BEARS Sleep Screening algorithm and PROMIS sleep disturbance short form according to the age of the patients (&amp;lt;18 years old, &amp;gt;18 years old respectively). The BEARS is an instrument divided into major sleep domains: bedtime problems, excessive daytime sleepiness, awakenings during the night, regularity and duration of sleep and snoring. PROMIS is an 8-item questionnaire that assess sleep quality. A higher T score corresponds to a poorer the sleep quality. Results The study included 31 patients. The mean age of the participants was 28.67 years [9–45 years]. There was a female predominance: 35.5% males vs 64.5% females. The mean age at onset was 6.6 years [2–13] and the mean disease duration was 256.5 months [36–444]. The distribution of the different subtypes was as follows: Enthesitis-related arthritis (n = 4), RF-positive polyarthritis (n = 10), RF-negative polyarthritis (n = 6), oligoarthritis (n = 7) and systemic arthritis (n = 4). Nineteen patients were receiving corticosteroids. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were used by 18 patients: methotrexate (n = 11), sulfasalazine (n = 3), leflunomide (n = 4), biologics (n = 13). Twelve patients developed complications: coxitis (n = 11), growth retardation (n = 9), uveitis (n = 4). The majority of the respondents (90.3%) reported using screens daily before going to sleep. Among patients aged &amp;lt;18 years, 2 had an individual bedroom while 8 shared theirs with their siblings. Among the ten patients who answered the BEARS Sleep Screening algorithm, 40% had an excessive daytime sleepiness, 20% had night awakenings and 30% suffered from a snoring problem. Regularity and duration of sleep was respected in 6 out of the 10 patients. The most common bedtime problem mentioned were refusal to go to bed (73%) as well as bedtime stalling (23%). As for the PROMIS form, the mean score was 55.52 [27–66]. None to slight, mild, moderate and severe sleep disturbance were found in 16.1%, 19.3% and 6.4% of cases respectively. There was a significant association between poor sleep quality and higher disease activity (DAS28 ESR) (P &amp;lt; 0.043). However, we did not find a significant association between the sleeping disturbances and age at onset (P = 0.08), disease duration (P = 0.073), the CHAQ score (P = 0.059), corticosteroid use (P = 0.063) and the screen use (P = 0.092). Conclusion This study highlights the high prevalence of sleep disturbance among JIA patients which may affect their physical, emotional and cognitive well-being. It is important to screen for sleep problems for a better management of the disease. [1] Owens J. Classification and epidemiology of childhood sleep disorders. Prim Care 2008; 35(3):533–46