Prevalence Of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Research Articles

Feasibility of self-sampling and human papillomavirus testing in rural and urban areas for cervical cancer prevention in Bolivia: an observational study

Cervical cancer is a major health problem in Latin America. In 2019, the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (La Paz regional site) conducted a pilot study to estimate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the feasibility of HPV screening in Bolivia through self-sampling and portable and transportable laboratory instruments for HPV testing in urban and rural areas. Women aged 20-65 years from La Paz (urban area), Torotoro (rural area), and Acasio (rural area) were enrolled by invitation from local public health centres between Dec 1, 2019, and June 30, 2021. Self-sampling was carried out with the Viba-Brush system (Rovers, Oss, Netherlands) and samples were preserved in ThinPrep containers (Hologic Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA). The GeneXpert system (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for high-risk HPV testing detects HPV E6 and E7 DNA via real-time PCR in a mobile system of easy execution requiring minimal manual intervention. The system provides results in about 1 h. Women with a positive test for HPV types 16, 18, or 45 were invited for a follow-up colposcopy. Data analysis was done considering the following age groups: <20, 20-34, 35-44, and 45-65 years. The study terminated later than expected (in June, 2021, instead of in November, 2020) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and follow-up test retrieval is still ongoing. 2201 women were enrolled: 622 (28·3%) in La Paz, 768 (34·9%) in Torotoro, and 811 (36·8%) in Acasio. Only one sample was collected from each participant. 2076 (94·3%) of 2201 samples were adequate (yielding a negative or positive result) for HPV testing. 264 (12·7%) samples were positive for high-risk HPV. The observed prevalence was higher in the 20-34 age group (145 [15·5%] of 938) than in the 35-44 age group (60 [10·5%] of 571) and in the 45-65 years age group (37 [8·3%] of 444). Ages were not recorded for 123 samples, which are not included in the prevalence-per-age analysis. HPV positivity was detected in 94 (15·3%) of 614 samples from women from La Paz, 86 (12·9%) of 667 samples from patients from Torotoro, and 84 (10·6%) of 795 samples from patients from Acasio (risk ratio urban vs rural 1·4 [95% CI 1·04-1·80], p=0·029). Overall positivity was 58 (7·3%) of 795 for HPV type 16 and 38 (1·8%) of 2076 for HPV types 18 and 45. From the follow-up data available to date, all high-grade lesions detected on follow-up colposcopy were related to HPV types 16, 18, or 45, isolated or in co-infection with other high-risk HPV types. The total and age-adjusted prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in rural and urban areas in Bolivia, as measured with a validated test for screening, is similar to that observed in Europe and the USA. Our study shows that a screening protocol for HPV testing with self-sampling would be feasible in urban and rural areas in Bolivia, and that the high prevalence of cervical cancer in Bolivia is likely to be related to the scarcity of screening programmes, and not to a higher occurrence of high-risk HPV infections. Carrying out HPV tests locally avoids the issues associated with transport and storage of the material collected, and allows the participant to wait in the clinic for the test result. However, the cost of HPV testing, at about €15 per test, is still a major hurdle for low-income countries. Joint initiatives between the national scientific community, international institutions, and manufacturers could allow widespread testing of HPV to be rolled out in Bolivia and other countries with similar contexts. Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs), as a part of an ongoing technical assistance programme with the Bolivian Ministry of Health.

The prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among women in Guangxi, southern China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus is a primary cause of cervical cancer and genital warts. HPV vaccine can prevent high-grade cervical lesions as well as cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among women in Guangxi before and after the HPV vaccine was approved for use in China.MethodsFrom January 2016 to May 2021, 41,140 women were tested for HPV infection. HPV genotyping included 15 high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and 6 low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes. Total prevalence, annual trend, and specific age group prevalence and genotype distribution were analyzed.ResultsThe overall HPV infection rate was 18.10% among Guangxi women self-referred to clinic for gynecologic problems in southern China. During 2016–2018, the prevalence of HPV infection showed an upward trend, from 18.21% in 2016 to 21.99% in 2018, and later it showed a downward trend, from 18.35% in 2019 to 12.26% in May 2021. Pure HR-HPV genotypes (14.36%) were found in more infections than pure LR-HPV genotypes (2.77%) and mixed genotypes (0.97%). Two peaks of HPV infection were found in the ≤ 25 years (22.94%) and 56–65 years (21.25%) groups. The six most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV 52 (4.06%), 16 (2.70%), 58 (2.24%), 51 (1.87%), 39 (1.52%), and 53 (1.52%). The three most prevalent LR-HPV genotypes were HPV 6 (1.31%), CP8304 (1.01%), and 11 (0.82%). Infection with a single HR-HPV genotype was the most common type of infection, with an overall infection rate of 12.30%. Infection with two HPV genotypes was the most common multiple HR-HPV infection type, with an infection rate of 2.35%.ConclusionsThe cervical HPV infection rate of women in Guangxi is very high, and there is significant age specificity. There is a need to increase HPV vaccination of young people and the screening of middle-aged and elderly people.

Prevalence of vaginal HPV infection among adolescent and early adult girls in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

PurposeKnowledge of the prevalence of HPV infection among adolescent and early adult girls is essential to determining the best age for the introduction of HPV vaccine, monitoring vaccine efficacy, and giving insight into determinants of persistent high-risk HPV infection, a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Yet, there have been limited studies of HPV infection among adolescent and early adult girls in low-and-middle-income countries.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we randomly selected 205 girls, aged 9–20 years, from 10 schools in central Nigeria. We obtained informed consent and assent, collected data, and trained participants to self-collect vaginal samples using swab stick. We genotyped HPV using SPF10-DEIA/LiPA25 and analyzed data using Stata 14®.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the girls was 14.9 (2.3) years. We found HPV in 13.2% of vaginal swabs. The earliest age at which anyHPV and hrHPV infections were detected was 10 and 12 years respectively. The prevalence of any HPV peaked at 16 and 17 years, hrHPV at 16 years, lrHPV at 17 and 18 years and multiple hrHPV 18 years of age. The prevalence of hrHPV infection was 1.5% among the 9–12 years age group, 2.9% among 13–16 years and 3.4% among 17–20 years old. The commonest hrHPV types detected were 52 (3.9%), 18 (1.5%) and 51 (2.4%). The most common lrHPV types was 6 (2.9%).ConclusionThe prevalence of HPV infection in these urbanized young girls in Nigeria is high and commences after 9 years of age. HPV vaccination in this population should start at 9 years of age or younger to prevent the establishment of persistent HPV infection.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men living in Lower Silesia, Poland.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and is associated with the risk of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at a high risk of HPV infection. However, little up-to-date data are available regarding the prevalence of HIV and HPV co-infection in MSM in Poland. To evaluate the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors for HPV infection among HIV-positive MSM living in Lower Silesia. A total of 54 HIV-positive and 28 HIV-negative MSM participated in the study. The polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect HPV from oral and anal swabs. A self-applied written questionnaire was conducted to collect sociodemographic and behavioural data. The prevalence rates of oral and anal HPV infection were higher in HIV-infected MSM than in HIV-negative MSM. Statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of high oncogenic genotypes, HPV 16 and HPV 18, at the anal site was significantly higher in patients with lower CD4 cell counts, in addition, HPV 18 infection was significantly more frequent in patients with higher levels of HIV RNA. Moreover, HPV 33 and HPV 52 at the anal site were significantly more common in patients with lower nadir CD4. This is the first report of HPV infection among Polish HIV-infected MSM. Our results show that HIV-related immunodeficiency is associated with a higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infections, therefore early detection of HIV infection and initiation of antiretroviral therapy might reduce the risk of HPV-related diseases.

Anal cytological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men and prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus co-infection

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects cells of the immune system, leading to a compromised and depleted immune system. Progressive failure of the immune system predisposes an individual to many life-threatening opportunistic infections and malignancies. As compared to the general population, the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is substantially higher in HIV-infected individuals. Majority of ASCC are related to infections caused by high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV).Aims: We conducted an observational study on HIV-positive men who had a history of homosexual contact. The aim of this study was to assess the spectrum of cytological abnormalities on anal smear cytology in individuals with HIV infection, and also estimate the prevalence of anal infection with high-risk HPV strains.Materials and Methods: We enrolled 56 individuals for this pilot study. This study involved the collection of specimens from the anal canal of the patients by using cytobrush in liquid-based cytology (LBC) vial. The sample was simultaneously tested for cytological abnormalities by LBC (Sure Path, BD) and for 13 high-risk strains by Hybrid Capture II technique (Qiagen) based on antibody capture and chemiluminescent signal detection. Anal smear cytology was reported as per guidelines of The Bethesda System of reporting anal cytology, 2014.Results: The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was seen in 41.07% of individuals and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance were seen in 12.5% and 16.07% individuals, respectively. Cytology was useful in 7% of cases to diagnose opportunistic infections. The latter is a field yet to be tapped.Conclusion: We would recommend LBC in HIV-positive patients, for screening of cytological abnormalities and HPV status. This would also give an opportunity to screen for opportunistic infections, which have otherwise not been diagnosed.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among women aged 30–65 years in Xi’an, China: a population-based study of 14,655 women

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer. The distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes varies regionally. To acquire baseline data on the population-based prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of HPV infection among women in Xi’an, China. The study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2020. A total of 14,655 women aged 30–65 years were screened. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 13.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.0–14.1%), with 10.4% of participants being positive for a single HPV type and 3.1% being positive for multiple HPV types. The prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV), low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) and mixed HPV infection was 10.1% (95% CI: 9.6–10.5%), 2.2% (95% CI: 2.0–2.4%), and 1.3% (95% CI: 1.1–1.5%), respectively. The five most frequently detected HR-HPV types were types 52 (2.6%), 16 (1.9%), 53 (1.8%), 58 (1.4%), and 51 (0.9%). The most frequently detected LR-HPV type was HPV-42 (1.1%). The prevalence and HPV genotype distribution varied by region and age. Age-specific HPV prevalence peaked in the over 60 years age group (18.8%), and Beilin District had the highest HPV prevalence (18.1%). The results of this first population-based study provide a reference for HPV-based cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs in Xi’an.

Prevalence of vaccine and non-vaccine human papillomavirus types among women in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main etiological factor for pre-invasive and invasive cervical cancer. HPV type-specific vaccination is being widely recommended to control the burden of disease, but the genotype-specific distribution of HPV may vary in different countries. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among women attending reproductive health services in Ghana, their associated risk factors, and to assess the potential coverage of identified HPV genotypes by three licensed vaccines among these women.MethodWomen presenting for reproductive health services in two regional hospitals in Accra and Kumasi from October 2014 to March 2015 were conveniently recruited into the study (n = 317). HPV-DNA detection and genotype identification were carried out by a nested multiplex PCR assay that combines degenerate E6/E7 consensus primers and type-specific primers for the detection and typing of eighteen HPV genotypes. Cytology was performed to screen women for cervical cancer lesions. Risk factors for HPV infection were analyzed by logistic regression. Statistical significance was accepted for p < 0.05.ResultsThe age of study participants ranged from 21 to 76 years. Among women positive for HPV, 35.0% were infected with high-risk HPV, 14.5% with probable high-risk HPV, and 17.0% with low-risk HPV. The prevalence of HPV 16/18 was 8.2%, HPV 6/11/16/18 was 9.1% and HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 was 28.4%. The most prevalent among HR-HPV were types 52 (18.3%) and 58 (8.8%). HPV positivity may be associated with educational background (p < 0.001), age at first pregnancy (p = 0.028), and age at coitarche (p = 0.016).ConclusionsOur study revealed a high prevalence of HR-HPV infection among women. The high prevalence of HR HPV indicates that multivalent vaccines will be useful for controlling HPV burden in general population contexts. The distribution of HPVs in this population suggests that of the three currently available vaccines the nonavalent vaccine, which protects against seven HPV types in addition to HPV 16 and 18, has the highest coverage of HPV infections among Ghanaian women. Healthcare officials planning to reduce the transmission of HPV and cervical cancer must consider the coverage of the nonavalent vaccine as an advantage.

Receipt of HPV Vaccine Associated with Increased Prevalence of High-Risk HPV Infections

Identifying possible negative side effects of vaccines helps to determine whether benefits outweigh the costs of a medical intervention that claims to prevent a disease. Such a cost-benefit analysis is essential both for vaccine policy as well as informed consent. This study seeks to determine whether the use of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is related to an increase in high-risk (HR), possibly cancer related, HPV infections. Data from the U.S. National Health and Examination Nutrition Survey reveal a statistically significantly higher percentage of women who received an HPV vaccine carried an HR-HPV than women who did not receive an HPV shot (Rao-Scott Chi-square contrast p-value of 0.002). Vaccine recipients tested positive less frequently for HPVs targeted by the vaccines, but had a higher prevalence of other HR (cancer related) HPVs. The results suggest that a thorough investigation of the effects of HPV vaccines on HR-HPV viruses (and other pathogens) not targeted by them is warranted.

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA and mRNA and its association with abnormal anal cytology in the Czech male anal cancer screening cohort.

Anal cancer (AC) screening is justified in high-risk populations, particularly HIV-positive men having sex with men (MSM). HR-HPV testing could improve the efficiency of cytologically based screening of AC, as in the screening of biologically analogical cervical cancer. The specificity of HR-HPV testing is influenced by the prevalence of HR-HPV infection in the screened population. Reported anal HR-HPV DNA prevalence in MSM is high, but HR-HPV mRNA reflects rather long-term infections and is more specific for high-grade lesions. However, no data were published about HR-HPV DNA and mRNA prevalence in the Czech AC screening population. Results of liquid-based anal cytology of 203 predominantly HIV-positive MSM from the Czech AC screening cohort were correlated with results of DNA and E6/E7 mRNA testing of 14 HR-HPV types, and HPV16 genotyping. Eighty-one MSM underwent a standard anoscopy. A total of 109 (53.7%) samples had abnormal cytology, with 12 (5.9%) ASC-H/HSIL, 67 (33.0%) samples cytologically negative, and 27 (13.3%) unsatisfactory. HR-HPV DNA was detected in 134 (66.0%) and HR-HPV RNA in 72 (35.5%) anal smears. HR-HPV mRNA and HPV16 mRNA positivity were associated with abnormal cytology (p= .0037, p= .0021). No significant association was found between HR-HPV DNA or HPV16 DNA positivity and abnormal cytology. No high-grade lesions were revealed by anoscopy. Prevalence of anal HR-HPV DNA among Czech MSM is high, however, the prevalence of HR-HPV mRNA is half and associated with abnormal cytology. Our results indicate an increased efficiency of cytological screening when combined with HR-HPV mRNA testing.

Anal human papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in Vietnam

ObjectivesMen who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, while published data are scarce. This study determined HPV prevalence and risk factors in MSM in Vietnam to inform HPV prevention strategies in this key population. MethodsA cross-sectional study of 799 MSM aged 16-50 years was conducted in Vietnam in 2017-2018. Information was collected on risk behaviours, and knowledge of HPV and anal cancer; rectal swabs were taken to detect anal HPV infection. An in-house polymerase chain reaction and Genoflow HPV array test kit were used for HPV detection and genotyping. ResultsThe median age of the study participants was 25 years (range 18-52). Overall prevalence of any HPV and HPV16/18 infection was 32.3% and 11.0%, respectively. A higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection to all 14 types tested was found in Ho Chi Minh City (30.9%) than in Hanoi (18.4%). High-risk HPV infection was associated with inconsistent condom use and history of engaging in sex under the influence of drugs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.27; 95% CI, 1.48-10.67), as well as having multiple sexual partners (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02). ConclusionsHigh-risk anal HPV infections in Vietnamese MSM were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviours. A targeted HPV vaccination strategy would have substantial benefit for MSM in Vietnam.

Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections before and after Cervical Lesion Treatment, among Women Living with HIV.

Even when receiving combination antiretroviral therapy, women living with HIV are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and/or cervical lesions, including cancer. Using data from the PapilloV prospective cohort, we evaluated the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections after cervical lesion treatment and investigated factors associated with their carriage. Women were followed up for three years with annual Pap smear and HPV genotyping. We offered treatment to women presenting either a Pap smear with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or higher, and/or a biopsy showing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II or III. We compared the prevalence of HR-HPV infection at the time of first treatment indication and at the end of follow-up among women who received treatment and those who did not. Overall, 46 women had treatment indication. HR-HPV prevalence significantly decreased from 67% to 27% (p value = 0.001) in the 30 women who received treatment, while it did not significantly decrease (from 56% to 38%) in the 16 women who did not (p value = 0.257). Due to lack of statistical power, the 40% relative difference in HR-HPV carriage between treated and untreated women was not significant. In women living with HIV, the treatment of a cervical lesion may be beneficial for clearing HR-HPV infections.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk HPV infection among women in Beijing, China.

Cervical cancer (CC) is highly associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genotype distribution of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection varies greatly in different regions. Clinical specimens were collected from 46 365 patients at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2020. HPV DNA genotype testing was performed using real-time PCR. The infection rates based on disease group were compared using the χ 2 test. The linear-by-linear association test and gamma value were used to assess the changes in HPV prevalence over calendar year and age group. A total of 10 514 women were infected with HR-HPV, with an overall positive rate of 22.7%. The most prevalent HR-HPV types were HPV52, 58, 16, 51, and 66, and HPV59 had a higher prevalence except for HPV16, 58, and 52 in the CC group. Single infection of HR-HPV was dominant among different disease groups. The infection rate of HR-HPV decreased first and then increased from below 20 years old to over 60 years old. There were significant differences in the HR-HPV infection rates among the age and disease groups. Our findings demonstrate that the genotype distribution of HR-HPV varied with age and diseases. The HR-HPV genotypes prevalence was found to be directly useful for local governments to promote HPV targeted vaccination in the study region.

Genotype Distribution and Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Based on 20,103 Self-Collected Samples From 13 Regions of China

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and the genotype distribution of HR-HPV in different regions of China using self-collected vaginal samples. Study Design and Setting: A total of 20,136 women aged 30–59 years were recruited from 13 provinces in China from September 2018 to July 2020. All participants registered, signed electronic informed consent, and filled in individual information voluntarily using an internet-based cervical cancer screening platform, then received a self-sampling kit. The samples were tested for 14 types of HR-HPV using the SeqHPV and BMRT HPV PCR assays. Results: After excluding 33 samples because of labeling errors or insufficient amounts of HPV DNA in specimens, 20,103 women (99.84%) were ultimately analyzed with a mean age of 44.31 ± 7.70 years. The overall prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 13.86%. The vast majority of HR-HPV (77.18%) were still a single type. Among 13 regions, Inner Mongolia had the highest prevalence (21.55%), while the lowest prevalence was in Jilin (9.51%). The following factors were found to be significantly associated with HR-HPV infection: age, sexual behavior, irregular screening, and economic level. The top five most common HR-HPV subtypes were HPV-52 (3.42%), HPV-58 (2.29%), HPV-16 (2.17%), HPV-39 (1.35%), and HPV-51 (1.30%), while HPV18 (0.86%) was the less prevalent. The prevalence of infection with a single type of HR-HPV was 10.70% and the prevalence of infection with multiple types was 3.16%. The prevalence curve of age-specific HR-HPV was V-shaped from 30 years to 59 years, with a lower prevalence observed in women aged 40–44 years (12.35%) and infection subsequently increasing with age. The proportion of women aged 30–34 years with HPV-16 (17%) was much higher than the proportion in other age groups, and the prevalence of HPV-18 (6%) was highest in women aged 45–49 years. The undeveloped regions (according to the GDP) had the highest prevalence of specific combinations of HR-HPV subtypes, of which HPV-16/HPV-18 infections decreased with increasing GDP. Furthermore, a more number of sexual partners and age of first sexual intercourse <20 years were risk factors for HPV infection, whereas education and barrier contraception were protective factors. Conclusion: The prevalence, genotype distribution, epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of HR-HPV infection based on self-sampling varied in different regions of China. It is therefore crucial to develop specific plans for cervical cancer screening in different regions. Using the Internet for self-sample screening way could a much greater increase the coverage of cervical cancer screening. Clinical Trial Registration Details: Chinese Clinical Trial Website (https://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000032331). Funding Information: The study was supported by Association for Maternal and Child Health Studies (No. 2018AMCHS00801); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016 YFC1302901). Declaration of Interests: None. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Peking University People’s Hospital (2018PHB056-01) in Beijing, China.

Prevalence of high-risk human papilloma virus infection and abnormal cytology of the anal transformation zone in women with cervical dysplasia. Bogotá, Colombia, 2017-2019.

To determine the prevalence of anal infection caused by high risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) and of abnormal anal cytology in women with confirmed cervical dysplasia. Cross sectional study that included patients between 30 and 65 years of age with a new diagnosis of cervical dysplasia by histopathology attended in two lower genital tract colposcopy and pathology units (one public and one private institution), conducted between December 2017 and April 2019. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, immune compromise (use of steroids, transplant, chemo therapy), pregnancy or anorectal malformations were excluded. Consecutive sampling. Socio demographic variables, intercourse type, degree of cervical dysplasia, positive results of HR HPV Polymerase Chain Reaction test in anal canal and HR - HPV type indentified (16-18 or others) were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used. Of 188 candidates, 100 were included in the analysis. A 32 % prevalence of high-risk HPV infection and a 2.8 % prevalence of abnormal cytology in the anal canal (ASCUS) were found. Of the HR-HPV infections in the anal canal, 68.8 % corresponded to HR-HPV genotypes different from 16 or 18. Prevalence of HR HPV infection in women with lower genital tract dysplasia was 32%. It is important to determine the usefulness of screening for anal mucosa compromise by HPV virus associated with a high risk of cancer in women with cervical dysplasia. Studies are needed on the prognosis of anal HR-HPV infection in women with cervical dysplasia.

Abstract PO-154: Establishing the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection and identifying associated risk factors in Santo Domingo, Ecuador

Abstract Human papillomavirus is a common sexually transmitted infection that affects men and women. For women, persistent infection with high-risk HPV genotypes is a significant risk factor for cervical cancer, and HPV infection is more prevalent in developing countries than in developed countries. Furthermore, women in developing countries experience a greater number of cervical cancer cases attributable to HPV infection than women in developed countries. In Ecuador, recent studies have shown an increased prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes in certain regions, specifically Quito and in Southern Ecuador. No study has analyzed the prevalence of high-risk HPV in Santo Domingo, Ecuador. In this quantitative study, the prevalence of high-risk HPV in Santo Domingo was determined by analyzing cervical cytology samples taken from pregnant women visiting three local health clinics. Women younger than 18 years of age were excluded. The study also analyzed associated risk factors for infection. Overall, 24.1% of participants tested positive for high-risk HPV infection. Genotypes falling into the “other high risk” category (i.e. HPV- HPV-31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68) were the most prevalent. This result differed slightly from findings in comparable studies completed in Ecuador where HPV-16 was found to be most prevalent among the study population. Age and Pap smear history were independently determined to be significant predictors of HPV status. These findings indicate the significance of routine female wellness and gynecological screenings at Saludesa Hospital, and Augusto Egas and Santa Martha clinics. Furthermore, results also emphasize the importance of vaccine use as primary prevention measures against HPV infection in adolescents in Santo Domingo. Currently, Saludesa Hospital, Augusto Egas and Santa Martha clinics do not offer vaccinations for protection against HPV infection. However, girls between ages of 11 and 12 seeking care at these facilities would likely benefit from preventive reproductive health care, including access to vaccinations, to protect against high- risk HPV infection. Education regarding the epidemiology of high-risk HPV infection could enhance the public’s acceptance of screening and intervention programs. Citation Format: Hanna Foster, Maria Alexandrova, Roya Ghiaseddin, David Gaus, Katherine Taylor, Danny Larco, Sharon Stack. Establishing the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection and identifying associated risk factors in Santo Domingo, Ecuador [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-154.

Prevalence and Type Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Breast Cancer: A Qatar Based Study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the etiology of a variety of human cancers. Studies investigating the presence of high-risk (HR) HPV in breast tissue have generated considerable controversy over its role as a potential risk factor for breast cancer (BC). This is the first investigation reporting the prevalence and type distribution of high-risk HPV infection in breast tissue in the population of Qatar. A prospective comparison blind research study herein reconnoitered the presence of twelve HR-HPV types’ DNA using multiplex PCR by screening a total of 150 fresh breast tissue specimens. Data obtained shows that HR-HPV types were found in 10% of subjects with breast cancer; of which the presence of HPV was confirmed in 4/33 (12.12%) of invasive carcinomas. These findings, the first reported from the population of Qatar, suggest that the selective presence of HPV in breast tissue is likely to be a related factor in the progression of certain cases of breast cancer.

Characterization of vaginal microbiota in Chinese women with cervical squamous intra-epithelial neoplasia

ObjectivesAlthough persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical squamous intra-epithelial neoplasia, the relationship between vaginal microbiota and different grades of squamous intra-epithelial neoplasia is not well...

High risk genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) according to age groups in Iranian asymptomatic men

BackgroundThe Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. HPV infection in men is a serious clinical issue as they could be considered as a reservoir for inadvertently transmitting infection to women. Moreover, genital HPV infection could be a source for anogenital cancers in men.MethodsThis cross sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018. Four hundred fifteen asymptomatic men who were visited by specialists, referred to Nilou laboratory in terms of high risk (HR) HPV test testing. HR-HPV genotypes were detected using an approved assay which could discover HPV 16, HPV 18 and a pool of other high risk HPV genotypes as well as 16+ other HR and 18 + other HR (as multiple genotypes). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe mean age was 33 ± 8.14 years. Specimens were referred to the laboratory by urologists, (n = 132, 32%, 95%CI: 25.0–39.4), dermatologists, (n = 104, 25, 95% CI: 19.1–30.9), gynecologists, (n = 75, 18, 95%CI: 13.3–29.3) and other specialists (n = 104, 25, 95% CI:19.1–30.9). The overall prevalence of other HR HPV, HPV16, HPV18 and multiple genotypes were 54.2% (45/83), 25.3% (21/83), 3.6% (3/83) and 16.8% (14/83), respectively. The frequency of HR-HPV, HPV16 and HPV18 genotypes was the highest among 30–40 years old.ConclusionThe prevalence of HR-HPV infection among Iranian asymptomatic males was relatively high. Investigation on HPV infection in men as reservoir and transmission vehicle of HPV in addition to screening in women will improve the national public health provisions and will contribute to the application of infection control measurements at a national level.

Mapping of fourteen high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes by molecular detection in sexually active women in the West African sub-region

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes (HR-HPV) in women from the general population of five West African countries. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, involving 2133 women from nine cities of five West African countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger and Togo. Women were screened for precancerous cervical lesions and HR-HPV infection. The detection of HR-HPV was done by a multiplex real-time PCR on extracted viral DNA. The average age of the women in this study was 35.06 ± 10.00 years with a range of 15 to 65 years. The overall prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among general population sample of women in five West African countries was 33.61% (717/2133). The prevalence of dysplasia was 8.81%. In decreasing order of frequency, the genotypes found were: HPV 52 followed by HPV 31, 59, 51, 66, 45, 68, 56, 56, 58, 35, 39, 18, 33 and 16. The prevalence of HPV16/18 (bivalent vaccine types) was 7.02%. This study reveals a high prevalence of HPV 52 in West Africa. The extent and diversity of HR-HPV genotypes in these West African countries deserve special attention for prevention. Key words: High-risk HPV, real time PCR, genotypes, women, epidemiology, West Africa.

High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Meta-Analysis

Background: The prevalence of high-risk Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) in cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) varies widely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence of all high-risk HPV by meta-analysis with specific emphasis on HPV type 16/18. Methods: The studies were retrieved from PubMed and MEDLINE to conduct a comprehensive literature review on HPV detection in OSCC. Search terms included, High-risk HPV, oral cancer, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH). We reviewed 47 research studies systematically to report the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in oral cancer. Included studies published from 1988 to 2018. The meta-analysis was carried out by using MedCalc software version 19.0.3. Results: A meta-analysis was executed to calculate the pooled prevalence of High-risk HPV types, which revealed overall decreasing order frequency of high-risk HPV and high-risk type displaying the highest number of type16/18 HPV in the reported cases. As 30.71% [24.59 to 37.19 % confidence interval (CI) at 95%] and 28.88 % [22.62 to 35.57% confidence interval (CI) at 95%] followed by other high-risk HPV 3.59% [2.22 to 5.46%] respectively. Conclusions: According to present meta-analysis, we conclude that 16/18 HPV displaying maximum infection rate as compared to other high-risk HPV type in OSCC cases.