Prevalence Of Different Types Research Articles

Distribution of Different Types of Cystic Breast Lesions and their Imaging Features: A Retrospective Observational Study

Introduction: Cystic disease of the breast is very common and present in women aged 35-50 years. They can be detected incidentally or present with lump, pain, or discharge. Confusion occurs in the appropriate classification and management of such cystic lesions. These lesions characteristically appear as circumscribed masses on mammography, but can be properly evaluated on ultrasound. Although the variable imaging features sometimes necessitate biopsy for confirmation of the diagnosis. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of different types of cystic breast lesions and to study the imaging spectrum and features of cystic breast lesions. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational retrospective study was undertaken on all the women who presented for screening or diagnostic mammography and had ultrasonographically detected cystic component in the breast lesions. Based on the mammography and ultrasonographic features, cystic lesions were classified and final Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category was assigned. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) or biopsy was performed whenever required. The values were represented in number and percentage. Results: Out of 836 women who had undergone mammography and Ultrasonography (USG), 134 patients were diagnosed with cystic breast lesions. Simple cyst with or without fine septa was most common type of cystic lesion present in 53 (39.6%) cases. It was followed by complex solid cystic lesion seen in 36 (26.8%) cases, complicated cyst 30 (22.4%) and complex cyst with thickened wall or septa in 15 (11.2%) cases. Conclusion: Cystic breast lesions are common entities with variable and overlapping imaging characteristics, based on which they can be categorised as BI-RADS 2 to BI-RADS 5 lesions.

Clinical Presentation and Categorisation of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-sectional Analysis of 1000 Outpatients in Eastern India

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most common presenting symptom among patients seeking medical help, accounting for approximately 85% of the cases. It affects individuals of all age groups and genders. Predominantly back pain is non specific, lacking identifiable patho-anatomy, while a lesser-known type, specific low back pain, demonstrates identifiable aetiology and pathology. This poses a challenge for physicians, as they must not only determine the underlying cause but also formulate categorical treatments for Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP). Aim: To assess the prevalence of different types of CLBP based on clinical examination, past history, age, and gender in the overall population of the study. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, from August 2019 to July 2021. A total of 1,640 patients were examined in the orthopedics outpatient department, of which 1,000 patients aged between 20 and 60 years, with back pain lasting three months, were included in the study. All patients underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, including history and physical examination. The final type of CLBP was determined based on the predominant symptom. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel software. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1.23:1, and the average age was 43.1 years. The most common type of CLBP was neuropathic (n=473, 47.3%), followed by discogenic CLBP (n=255, 25.5%). The least common type was coccydynia (n=4, 0.4%). Facetogenic CLBP had the highest average age of presentation (57.3 years), while postural CLBP had the lowest average age (29.6 years). Conclusion: Neuropathic CLBP was the most common type, followed by discogenic CLBP, with sacroiliitis and coccydynia being less common. Detailed clinical evaluation aids in classifying different types of CLBP, which can help avoid unnecessary investigations, except for the neuropathic type and, to some extent, instability CLBP.

A nationwide study on sleep complaints and associated factors in older adults: ELSI-Brazil.

Sleep problems, such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, early awakening with failure to continue sleep, and altered sleep-wake cycle, are common in the general population. This cross-sectional study with 6,929 older adults (≥ 60 years) aimed to estimate the prevalence of different types of sleep problems, their associated factors, and the population-attributable fraction of associated factors among older adults. The outcome variables consisted of self-reported sleep problems: insomnia (initial, intermediate, late, and any type of insomnia), poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. The independent variables were sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health conditions. The prevalence proportions were initial insomnia (49.1%), intermediate insomnia (49.2%), late insomnia (45.9%), any type of insomnia (58.6%), poor sleep quality (15.6%), and daytime sleepiness (38.4%). Female sex, presence of two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health were positively associated with the sleep problems investigated. Consuming alcohol once a month or more was inversely associated with initial insomnia. Population attributable fraction estimates ranged from 3% to 19% considering two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health. High prevalence of self-reported sleep problems was evinced in older adults. These results can be useful to guide public health services in the creation of informational, evaluative, and screening strategies for sleep problems in older Brazilian adults.

Anatomic variation of celiac axis and hepatic artery as evidenced in multidetector computed tomography in patients at tertiary care center in Nepal

Introduction: There are many potential anatomic configurations of celiac axis and hepatic artery. Michel’s classified hepatic arterial variations in 10 categories. Knowledge about these variations in patient is invaluable before surgery. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) can accurately depict the vascular anatomy of celiac axis and hepatic artery non-invasively. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of different types of anatomical variation of celiac axis and hepatic artery in patients undergoing multiphase CT.
 Method: Cross-sectional, prospective study was done in Department of Radiology, Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences. MDCT of abdomen of 178 patients with arterial phase images done between December 2021 and March 2022 were evaluated for arterial anatomy of celiac axis and hepatic artery. Arterial anatomy was categorized according to Michel’s classification. Prevalence of each variant anatomy and gender wise prevalence were calculated.
 Results: CT scans of 178 patients were evaluated out of which 94 were male and 84 were female. Among these individuals 133 (74.7%) had normal anatomy (Type I) and 45 (25.3%) had some sort of variant anatomy. Type III was commonest type of variant anatomy seen in 18 (10.1%) individuals. We found 6(3.4%) individuals with the anatomy other than classified by Michel.
 Conclusion: There are multiple variation in of celiac axis and hepatic artery anatomy in our population. Knowledge of such anatomical variation will be of great importance for surgeon and interventional radiologist for planning of surgical or vascular procedures and to prevent vascular complication.

The association between problematic smartphone use and the severity of temporomandibular disorders: A cross-sectional study.

To evaluate the prevalence of different types of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms in young adults and determine their associations with problematic smartphone use (PSU). The data of the study were collected from local university students through an online questionnaire survey. Demographic information, Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) responses were gathered electronically and analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. There were 163 male and 307 female respondents were participated in this study. The prevalence of PSU and TMD were 83.6% and 66.4%, respectively. There was a moderate statistical correlation between PSU and TMD among young adults (r = 0.31, p < 0.01). The logistic regression model revealed that the risk of TMD was 1.77 times higher in people with PSU than in those without PSU (OR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.04-3.06). PSU is a risk factor for pain-related TMD (OR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.08-3.04) but not intra-articular TMD. Subjects showed high prevalence of both TMD and PSU. People with PSU experienced more severe and frequent pain-related rather than intra-articular TMD symptoms than those without PSU. By reducing the problematic smartphone use, the risk factor of TMD might be avoided.

Elder Mistreatment and Dementia: A Comparison of People with and without Dementia across the Prevalence of Abuse.

This paper examines the prevalence of different types of elder mistreatment, care needs, and risk factors amongst older adults living with and without dementia in any setting (community or institution). Three years (2014-2017) of anonymized reported incidents of elder mistreatment to a national UK helpline were examined in an exploratory study, using a matched sample design (N = 598) comparing adults with dementia (n = 299) to those without (n = 299) on mistreatment type, care needs, and risk factors for abuse. Financial exploitation was more common among older adults with dementia who required more daily care than those without. Risk factors for elder mistreatment among older adults without dementia were often chronic in nature (such as poor physical health) whereas risk factors for people with dementia were associated with a dementia diagnosis. Raising implications for health and social care, results show that older adults diagnosed with dementia had increased care needs and vulnerability to abuse.

Sugyvenimas ir meilė. Jokūbo Nagurskio šeimos pavyzdys

Concordance and Love. The Case of Jacob Nagórsky’s Family From the second half of the twentieth century, studies into family history in the Western historiography were particularly intensified. The biggest attention was paid to the structure and type of the household and the family, the distribution and prevalence of different types of households in different European regions, the functioning of the household, changes, strategies, and so on. On the other hand, numerous studies of this kind have been written that can be attributed to the psychoanalytic and emotional direction in family history research. The history of the family in the former Republic of the Two Nations has also already attracted the attention of its researchers. The article highlights the story of one provincial feudal family ( Jacob and Marianna Nagórsky) from the second half of the eighteenth century in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and attempts to trace its emotional climate. There is a quite large base of sources about it, such as personal letters, wills, economic letters, etc. Unfortunately, Jacob Nagórsky’s letters to his wife are missing, which makes it difficult to trace his emotional relationship with his spouse. The study is influenced by the English historian Lawrence Stone who wrote about the “rise of the nuclear family” in the eighteenth century, which gradually pushed out the “open lineage family”. The historian perceived this concept of the nuclear family as a social and psychological unit based on the emotional connection and closed kinship ties. Both spouses came from wealthy families and were educated. They married quite young, had at least six children, and this number was slightly higher than in typical aristocratic families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The surviving correspondence of Jacob Nagórsky and other sources show his rather cold and unemotional attitude towards his wife, but he was constantly concerned about the well-being of his family. Meanwhile, Marianna’s surviving letters reflect more expressions of love. Children were the main binding tie of the family. They were given the mutual care and love of their parents. Both Nagórsky attended to the children’s daily well-being and education. Although much less often than her husband, Marianna engaged herself in the running of the estate; she was active in family concerns. The emotional ties between the spouses can already be attributed to the “nuclear family” model. Keywords: Jacob and Marianna Nagórsky, family, wife, husband, children, Kurtuvėnai.

Prevalence of Simonart's band in cleft children at a cleft center in Indonesia: A nine-year retrospective study.

Simonart's band is a soft tissue band that connects the cleft gap of the base of the nostril or the margin of the alveolus. While research on the prevalence of Simonart's band in cleft lip and palate cases has been carried out in various countries, research on Simonart's band in Indonesia has yet to be conducted. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of Simonart's band at a cleft center in Indonesia. The data of cleft patients were reviewed retrospectively over a 9-year period at the Cleft Lip and Palate Center Center, Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The patients were divided based on the type of cleft and the type of Simonart's band. The results were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Out of 638 cleft patients from the period 2008-2016, 77 patients had Simonart's band. The liptolip band was most commonly found (52 cases, 67.5%). The lip-to-alveolus band was found in 20 cases (26.0%) and the alveolus-to-alveolus band had the lowest prevalence of 5 cases (6.5%). Associations between the cleft type (unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP)) and Simonart's band type were all significant (p = 0.001, according to Fisher's exact test), which indicates significant differences in the distribution of the bands with regard to different cleft types. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the bands between the UCLP and UCLA groups (p = 0.000). On the other hand, the distribution of the bands in the UCLP group did not differ much from that in the BCLP group (p = 0.065). The prevalence of Simonart's band was significantly higher in the patients with the unilateral complete cleft of the primary and secondary palate than in the subjects with the cleft of the primary palate. In the UCLP group, most patients had the lip-to-lip band type. In the BCLP group, the majority also had the lip-to-lip band type. In contrast, in the UCLA group, the majority showed the lip-to-alveolus band type.

Analyzing the maxillary sinuses using 3D-modeling

Introduction. The study of the anatomy of the maxillary sinuses using computed tomography (CT) techniques is an important area of scientific research. The most developing technique that allows you to move from planar images to a picture that clearly represents the shape of the anatomical structure and topographic-anatomical relationships is 3D-modeling.Purpose. Analyze the forms of the maxillary sinuses using 3D-modeling using the Autoplan APK.Materials and methods. The primary analysis included 260 studies, from which 80 studies were subsequently selected. The studies were carried out on Aqulion 32 (Toshiba, Japan) and Revolution EVO 128 (GE, Russia) computed tomographs. MSCT was performed on patients aged 22 to 84 years. The average age of patients in the study group was 52.31±3.18 years. To stratify the patients of the study group by age groups, the age periodization scheme of the Institute of Age Physiology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1969) was used.Results. The analysis of the shape of the maxillary sinuses showed that the trends in the prevalence of different types of their forms are almost the same, both in the general analysis of the shape of the maxillary sinuses in the study group, and in the isolated analysis of the right and left maxillary sinuses.Conclusion. To conduct a full study of the shape of the maxillary sinuses allows only their three-dimensional modeling, it also allows you to move from linear dimensions to volumetric measurements by highlighting all the elements of the volumetric image that relate to the sinus cavity. The study of the shape of the maxillary sinuses is a modern problem with the lack of a unified approach to the process of segmentality and interpretation of the results. With regard to otorhinolaryngology, three-dimensional reconstructions of images semi-accepted on the basis of computed tomography are effective in assessing the choice of the type of surgery that is most acceptable in a particular patient.

Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: About an Epidemiological Survey

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic disorder primarily targeting the gastrointestinal tract but may affect other organs. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are common in IBD. We aimed to assess the prevalence of EIMs in IBD patients and to emphasize their epidemiological character. Methods: The study population consisted of IBD patients with EIMs who were followed up in consultation or been hospitalized. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed, and prevalence of different types of EIMs and their respective frequencies were carried out. Results: 190 IBD patients had EIMs, of which 111 were Crohn's disease (CD) and 79 were ulcerative colitis (UC). The mean age of the patients was 30 years. Sex ratio (M/F) was 0.9. Musculoskeletal manifestations were the most common in our study and 29 patients developed EIM before IBD diagnosis. Conclusion: in conclusion, we emphasize that the prevalence of EIMs in IBD patients suggests the need to show more attention, proper treatment and effort towards EIMs in clinical practice.

Frequency and its Type of Endometrial Hyperplasia Among Perimenopausal Women Presenting with Polymenorrhagia

Objective: The goals of this study were (1) to assess the prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia in perimenopausal women presenting with polymenorrhagia, and (2) to identify the prevalence of different types of endometrial hyperplasia in this population. Methodology: In this Cross Sectional survey at the Sheikh Zyed Hospital, Lahore during May 2021 to December 2021, 100 cases with &gt; 45 years of age with symptoms of perimenopause, presenting with polymenorrhagia were included in the study. Clinical evaluation began with comprehensive history taking. Patients were extensively examined after a detailed history was taken. A complete physical, internal, and pelvic examination were performed. All patients were examined by per rectum examination. TVS was performed to check for endometrial thickness and ovarian hypertrophy. Diagnostic curettage preferably in the second half of the cycle was done in patients positive for hyperplasia and histopathology of the specimens done to determine types of hyperplasia. Results: In our study, 61%(n=61) were between 45-50 years and 39%(n=39) were between 51-55 years, mean+sd was calculated as 47.34+6.84 years, frequency of endometrial hyperplasia among perimenopausal women presenting with polymenorrhagia revealed in 21%(n=21) and among them frequency of types of endometrial hyperplasia among perimenopasual women presenting with polymenorrhagia was recorded as 15(71.43%) with Cystic type of hyperplasia, 4(19.05%) had Adonomatous hyperplasia, and 2(9.52%) had atypical hyperplasia. Conclusion: Cystic hyperplasia was the most frequent kind of hyperplasia, and we determined that the prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia among perimenopausal women presenting with polymenorrhagia was not considerably prevalent in our population than in developed countries. Keywords: Perimenopausal women, polymenorrhagia, endometrial hyperplasia, Cystic, Adonomatous, Atypical type of hyperplasia.

Pharmaceutical cost implications for oral healthcare interventions at a dental clinic in Windhoek, Namibia

Half of the world’s 7.9 billion population suffers from oral health conditions. Most are largely preventable and treatable but costs are often unaffordable especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) resolved in 2021 to include oral healthcare interventions in universal healthcare coverage (UHC) programmes. Although the general expenditure on oral healthcare services has been reported by some countries, amounts spent on particularly pharmaceuticals have not been reported. This study aimed to report on the prevalence of different types of oral health diseases in patients attending a dental clinic in Windhoek (Namibia) and quantify the pharmaceutical expenditure incurred. Records for all patients who visited the dental clinic at KIRH during a six-month period (1 January 2021 to 30 June 2021) were reviewed. Costs associated with the respective pharmaceutical management options for the most common oral conditions were calculated based on the approximated cost for a single treatment course per patient.Pharmaceutical expenditure on oral diseases was approximately 0.4% of the hospital’s annual budget. From this, 94.6% was due to treatment of dental caries which had a 90.1% prevalence. Prevalence of dental caries among 13-19 years age group (9.5%) was lower than for 1-12 years (18.6%) and 20-64 years (68.2%). Cases for dental caries were fewer for the 65+ years age group (3.8% of total cases) but had the highest prevalence (95.2%) of dental caries then other age groups. The proportion of the pharmaceutical budget spent on treating oral diseases was 0.4%, of which 94.6% was due to dental caries. Promotion of oral healthcare among children may be instrumental in reducing the pharmaceutical costs associated with treatment of dental carries.

Intimate Partner Violence and Early Childhood DevelopmentViolência por parceiro íntimo e desenvolvimento na primeira infância

To describe the prevalence of different types of intimate partner violence and estimate how this relates to child development in a low-income country in Latin America. The relationship between intimate partner violence and childcare practices, including the use of physical punishment, was also examined. An observational study was conducted using data collected as a baseline for an impact evaluation of the National Early Childhood Program in Nicaragua between 2013 and 2014. The sample included 8921 children between 0 and 5 years and 7436 mothers or caregivers in municipalities with an extreme poverty rate of over 0.2. The data revealed that 61% of mothers or caregivers reported controlling behavior by their partners, 50% suffered emotional violence, and 26% suffered physical violence at some point in their lives. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that children exposed to intimate partner violence displayed greater behavioral problems and delayed language and social-emotional development. These children are also more likely to be born prematurely and to have incomplete vaccination schedules. Finally, homes exposed to intimate partner violence are more likely to create more hostile and unsafe environments for children. The results reflect the magnitude of intimate partner violence and its detrimental effects on children. Public policies need to be devised and implemented not only to prevent this behavior and mitigate sequelae in exposed children but also to curb the intergenerational transmission of violence.

The Relationship Between Traditional and Cyber Bullying Victimization in Early Adolescence and Emotional Wellbeing: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study

Despite the wealth of knowledge about the impact of bullying victimization, information gaps exist about how traditional and cyber bullying in early adolescence is associated with emotional wellbeing, namely, indicators of positive wellbeing. Therefore, this study investigated associations between different types of bullying victimization and positive and negative emotional wellbeing indicators, in addition to examining the prevalence of different types of bullying in conjunction with child, peer, and school factors. The study used data from an annual survey of student wellbeing conducted in South Australian schools. The sample comprised of 9019 grade 6 students aged 10–13 years (49.6% female). One-third of students experienced bullying victimization. Verbal bullying was most prevalent in this sample (24%), followed by social (21%), physical (10%), and cyberbullying (7%). Males were significantly more likely to experience physical and verbal bullying, and students living in more socioeconomically disadvantaged communities were significantly more likely to experience physical, verbal, social, and cyber bullying victimization. Additionally, all types of bullying victimization were significantly associated with lower scores on positive emotional wellbeing indicators (happiness, life satisfaction, and emotion regulation) and significantly higher scores on negative indicators (sadness and worries), all with small effect sizes after accounting for child-, peer-, and school-level factors. This research suggests that bullying is associated with both positive and negative aspects of emotional wellbeing, and both aspects of wellbeing are crucial to consider when developing school-based interventions.

Health problems in national team cross-country skiers over a competitive season: a 17-week prospective cohort study

ObjectiveFew long-term prospective studies have investigated health problems in elite competitive cross-country (XC) skiers. Hence, our objective was to compare the prevalence of health problems in national team XC skiers...

Characteristics of landings, rotations, and impacts of real-world falls captured by wearable sensors in older persons

Falls are a significant health problem. Approximately 30% of adults 65 and older fall each year. Understanding the characteristics of fall patterns, including landing, impact, and related injuries, is of paramount importance to understand why and when injuries happen and implement adequate interventions to reduce the risk of adverse consequences . We analyzed real-world falls of older persons living in different settings to characterize the landing positions, related impacts, and injuries. We analyzed real-world falls from the Farseeing dataset [1], recorded by a wearable sensor worn on the lower back. We selected only those falls with a clear upright pre-fall position. We processed Accelerations and angular velocities to estimate landing positions and the amount of rotation during the descent phase. We computed the prevalence of different types of landings and associated these quantitative characteristics with the reported injuries. Finally, we estimated the impact force using the body mass of the subject and the maximum value of the acceleration norm. We analyzed 92 falls in total. The landing positions were divided into backwards (BW), forwards (FW), and sideways (SW). The majority of falls were BW (67%), followed by SW (25%) and FW (8%), in accordance with [2]. BW falls were the ones with fewer injuries in percentage, also in accordance with [2]. Only two serious injuries happened, one in FW and one in SW. The highest rotation was found around the vertical direction V (see Fig. 1.a)). Estimated impact forces were between 1000 and 5000 Newton, with a slightly higher impact force for falls with backward landing. Through automatic analysis of wearable sensor data, it was possible to identify different patterns of real-world falls of older people, getting novel insights about the prevalence of different landing positions, associated injuries, movements during descent (i.e., rotations), and fall impact forces. The backward landing was the most frequent landing position, with the lowest relative number of associated injuries (both minor and serious injuries).

PECULIARITIES OF MOTOR FLUCTUATIONS AT DIFFERENT FORMS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Levodopa is known as one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, there is no levodopa, which does not have side effects on the body under the long-term use. After several years of receiving this therapy, the response to this medicine changes in most patients: the duration of the single dose action decreases, sharp fluctuations in the patient's condition (motor fluctuations) and dyskinesia appear. The purpose of our study is to investigate the frequency and nature of motor fluctuations in various forms of Parkinson's disease and to evaluate their impact on the quality of life of patients. We examined 80 patients with Parkinson's disease who were undergoing inpatient treatment at the neurological department of the Sklifosovsky Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital and the Center for patients with Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases at the Department of Nervous Diseases, Poltava State Medical University. Age, length of the disease, length of levodopa therapy and levodopa dosage, frequency and nature of motor fluctuations were evaluated. The diagnosis was established according to the criteria of the World Brain Bank of Great Britain. The degree of clinical manifestations was assessed according to the unified rating scale for the assessment of Parkinson's disease modified by the International Society of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. The assessment of daily activity was carried out according to the scale of Schwab and England.&#x0D; To assess motor fluctuations and dyskinesia, we used the patients’ diary filled out on their own for 3 days before the visit to the clinic. According to the diary, the duration of the "off period" was determined over the treatment course. Depending on the form of the disease, the following groups were distinguished: group I including 40 patients with akinetic-rigid form; group II involved 40 patients with a mixed akinetic-rigid-tremor form. It has been found out that the onset of both forms of Parkinson's disease occurs mainly in old age, which is characterized by metabolic changes that may play a role in susceptibility to the therapy with levodopa drugs. These groups of patients demonstrated no statistically significant differences by the age, the age of the diseases onset, the duration of the disease and the duration of therapy with levodopa drugs, and the stage according to the Hen and Yar scale. According to the scale of Schwab and England, a higher level of dependence on assistance was revealed in group I compared to group II that may be caused by more pronounced motor disorders and motor fluctuations.&#x0D; The study has demonstrated that patients with various forms of Parkinson's disease show differences in the severity of movement disorders, in particular, in the quality of motor complications of levodopa therapy, manifested in the form of motor fluctuations, provided that clinical severity, duration of the disease and the use of levodopa drugs are matched. At the same time, different forms of Parkinson's disease do not differ in the prevalence of different types of motor fluctuations and require the development of new approaches to the correction of these conditions.

Drivers and distribution of the household-level double burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh: analysis of mother-child dyads from a national household survey.

The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) has become an emerging public health issue in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to provide important evidence for the prevalence of different types of DBM at the national and subnational levels in Bangladesh. The study utilised data from the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-2018. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with DBM. Nationally representative cross-sectional survey. 8697 mothers aged 15 to 49 years with <5 children. The overall prevalence of the DBM was approximately 21 %, where the prevalence of overweight mother (OWM) & stunted child/wasted child/underweight child (SC/WC/UWC) and underweight mother (UWM) & overweight child (OWC) was 13·35 % and 7·69 %, respectively, with a higher prevalence among urban households (OWM & SC/WC/UWC = 14·22 %; UWM & OWC = 10·58 %) in Bangladesh. High inequality was observed among UWM & OWC dyads, concentration index (CI) = -0·2998, while low level of inequality of DBM were observed for OWM & SC (CI = 0·0153), OWM & WC (CI = 0·1165) and OWM & UWC (CI = 0·0135) dyads. We observed that the age and educational status of the mother, number of children, fathers' occupation, size and wealth index of the household, and administrative division were significantly associated with all types of DBM. Health policymakers, concerned authorities and various stakeholders should stress the prevalence of DBM issues and take necessary actions aimed at identifying and addressing the DBM in Bangladesh.

Physical and mental fatigue in people with non-communicable chronic diseases

Background Fatigue is frequently reported in people with a non-communicable chronic disease. More insight in the nature of this symptom may enhance targeted treatment of fatigue. In this study, we aimed to gain more insight in the prevalence of different types of fatigue and in current prescribed treatment strategies to reduce fatigue in non-communicable chronic diseases. Methods People with non-communicable chronic diseases were contacted via public, non-profit, disease-specific health funds and patient associations and invited to complete a web-based survey. The survey included a general question about the experience (“Do you now or have you ever had complaints of fatigue?”) and nature of fatigue (physically/mentally/combination), the Checklist Individual Strength-subscale subjective fatigue (CIS-Fatigue; 8–56 points), self-constructed questions for the distinction between physical and mental fatigue (both 3–21 points) and questions on prescribed treatments for fatigue. Results In total, 4199 participants (77% females) completed the online survey. 3945 participants (94.0%) reported experiencing fatigue, of which 64.4% reported a combination of both physical and mental fatigue. Median CIS-Fatigue score was 41 (32–48) points, with 68% of the participants reporting severe fatigue (≥36 points). Median scores for physical and mental fatigue were 15 (11–18) and 12 (8–16) points, respectively. In 55% of the participants, fatigue was only occasionally or never discussed with the healthcare professional, and only 23% of the participants were prescribed a treatment for fatigue. Participants often reported no effect or even an increase in fatigue after treatment. Conclusions Findings indicate that both physical and mental fatigue are often experienced simultaneously in people with non-communicable chronic diseases, but can also occur separately. Fatigue is often only occasionally or never discussed, let alone treated, highlighting the need to raise awareness among healthcare professionals. Future studies are needed to gain more insight in underlying factors of fatigue in non-communicable chronic diseases, its impact on daily life and development and evaluation of targeted treatment strategies. Key messages: Both physical and mental fatigue are frequently present in people with non-communicable chronic diseases. Fatigue is often only occasionally or never discussed during consultation with the physician, highlighting the need to raise awareness among healthcare professionals for adequate screening and evaluating of fatigue in people with non-communicable chronic diseases. Only less than a quarter of the people with non-communicable chronic diseases who reported to experience fatigue were prescribed a treatment for fatigue, which was often experienced as ineffective.

A Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence of Obesity in Three Endogamous Populations of Andhra Pradesh

To investigate and compare the prevalence of different types of obesity, the researchers recruited the Reddy, Golla, and Madiga caste populations of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. Three hundred participants were included from each caste in this cross-sectional study. The researchers found a significantly higher prevalence of obesity (general, abdominal, and combined obesity) in women than in men (p&lt;0.05). Golla showed a significantly higher prevalence of overweight than the Reddy population (p&lt;0.01). Both Reddy and Golla caste populations showed significantly higher percentages of general, abdominal, combined, and isolated abdominal obesity than the Madiga caste population (p&lt;0.01). Reddy showed higher odds of developing general, combined, and isolated general obesity than Golla whereas Golla had higher odds of developing abdominal and isolated abdominal obesity and overweight than the Reddy population (p&lt;0.01). Predictors of different measures of obesity were found to vary in caste populations.