Prevalence Of Chronic Degenerative Diseases Research Articles

Perfil de cuidadores de idosos atendidos em ambulatório de Geriatria e Neurogeriatria

Due to population aging, the prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases has grown significantly, a factor that implies constant care and a compromise in the quality of life of informal caregivers. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study aimed at characterizing the profile of informal caregivers of elderly individuals attended to in the Geriatrics and Neurogeriatrics outpatient clinic

Palliative care for patients and family: perceptions and meanings from the perspective of nursing

Given the progressive aging of the population associated with a greater prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, it is essential to implement a care model that encompasses the entire process of death and dying. This study aimed to understand the perceptions and meanings of nursing professionals in assisting patients and families in palliative care. This is a descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, developed in the Intensive and Semi-Intensive Care Units of a university hospital, with the participation of 13 nursing professionals. After thematic Content Analysis, four categories emerged: Assistance that promotes dignity and comfort to those who suffer; Humanized and multidisciplinary care: recognition of beliefs and values ​​of the person being cared for; Challenges in providing palliative care to patients and families and the death process permeated by professional maturity and understanding of the naturalness of death. The professionals presented a satisfactory understanding of the concept of palliative care. Obstacles are highlighted such as lack of interdisciplinarity, decisions centered on the medical team, deficit in professional training, service overload, communication failures and lack of institutional protocol.

Possibility of Potentially Inappropriate Medication at Admission and Discharge Among Older People Patients in Emergency Department Using the 2019 Beers Criteria

BACKGROUND: Elderly patients are associated with an increasing prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases which need emergency services which can be a factor in the occurrence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM). The use of PIM increases the risk of patients requiring hospitalization, drug-related problems, and adverse health outcomes with a prevalence of up to 2–3 times. AIM: This study aimed to determine the possible incidence of admission and discharge events on PIM in Elderly patients (>60 years old) visiting the emergency department (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective and observational study at Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital in Surabaya for 4 months. This study involved Elderly patients who visited the ED. The 2019 Beers criteria were used to identify the use of PIM. Spearman rho analysis was used to determine the relationship between the possibility of hospital admission and the discharge of patients with PIM. RESULTS: Most patients were female (50.4%) and aged 60−96. The percentage of elderly patients who received PIM and hospital admission was 73.1%, while those who received PIM and hospital discharge were 26.9%. The Spearman rho analysis showed a weak relationship between the possibility of hospital admission or discharge (p-value 0.000, R 0.255) with PIM. CONCLUSION: There is a weak but significant correlation between PIM and patient admission and discharge. Elderly patients are more at risk of being hospitalized due to PIM. The number of ED patients who received PIM had a high prevalence of being hospitalized compared to patients who did not receive PIM.

This Month in Anesthesiology

This Month in Anesthesiology

Factors Associated with Mortality from Renal Failure in Brazil: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study

Background and aims: The incidence of renal failure (RF) is growing in Brazil, resulting in increased public spending and negatively affecting the public health, which can lead to patient death. Identifying factors associated with mortality from this condition can help to characterize susceptible populations; therefore, institutional and governmental measures can be adopted for prevention and treatment. Materials and Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study using secondary data from Brazilian database (DATASUS). Deaths from RF between 2009 and 2019 and characteristics such as color/race, gender, education, region, and age group of the individuals were analyzed. Results: Since 2016, there has been a reduction of approximately 2% per year in the RF case fatality rate. North, Northeast, and Southeast regions had the highest case fatality rate, 13.6%, 13.17%, and 12.84%, respectively, which may be associated with high prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases. The elderly had the highest case fatality rates, ranging from 9.67% in individuals aged 50-59 years to 27.52% in the elderly over 80 years. Children under 1 year of age had a high case fatality rate of 15.03%. Moreover, the case fatality rate for individuals with education levels above 12 years of schooling was 0.50%, while the case fatality rate for individuals with 1 to 3 years of schooling was 3.52%, which is seven times higher. Case fatality rates of indigenous populations in the South and Southeast regions were 12.0% and 16.5%, approximately 20% higher than other populations. Conclusion: The presence of chronic-degenerative diseases, age above 50 and below 1 (elderly and preterm newborns), low level of education and being indigenous are factors associated with mortality from RF in Brazil.

Evaluation of the essential amino acids and fatty acids of Citrullus lanatus and Annona muricata seeds

Looking into the prevalence of high level of macro and micronutrients malnutrition especially amongst the vulnerable sections in the country even at this time of dwindling economy and increasing prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases globally, the need for exploration of underutilized food parts is significant to overcome the nutritional disorders. Many seeds which we considered as waste and simply discard after taking the juicy part of the fruit may however be reservoir of many nutrients. The seeds of Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) and Annona muricata (Soursop) were collected, dried and dehulled. They were thereafter pulverized and subjected to analysis to assess their nutritional qualities by identifying their essential amino acids and fatty acids. Results of the proximate analysis revealed that the seeds are rich sources of protein and fat. They also contain all the essential amino acids with leucine being predominant in watermelon and lysine in soursop. The seeds also contain essential fatty acids such as linoleic acids and linolenic acids. Overall, the results indicated that the seeds of watermelon and soursop are of high nutritional qualities as identified by the essential nutrients, hence, could be harnessed and incorporated in the diets (man and animal nutrition) to combat malnutrition.

Mechanisms of neuroplasticity and brain degeneration: strategies for protection during the aging process.

Aging is a dynamic and progressive process that begins at conception and continues until death. This process leads to a decrease in homeostasis and morphological, biochemical and psychological changes, increasing the individual’s vulnerability to various diseases. The growth in the number of aging populations has increased the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, impairment of the central nervous system and dementias, such as Alzheimer’s disease, whose main risk factor is age, leading to an increase of the number of individuals who need daily support for life activities. Some theories about aging suggest it is caused by an increase of cellular senescence and reactive oxygen species, which leads to inflammation, oxidation, cell membrane damage and consequently neuronal death. Also, mitochondrial mutations, which are generated throughout the aging process, can lead to changes in energy production, deficiencies in electron transport and apoptosis induction that can result in decreased function. Additionally, increasing cellular senescence and the release of proinflammatory cytokines can cause irreversible damage to neuronal cells. Recent reports point to the importance of changing lifestyle by increasing physical exercise, improving nutrition and environmental enrichment to activate neuroprotective defense mechanisms. Therefore, this review aims to address the latest information about the different mechanisms related to neuroplasticity and neuronal death and to provide strategies that can improve neuroprotection and decrease the neurodegeneration caused by aging and environmental stressors.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Aging.

Aging is associated with high prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases that take a large part of the increasing burden of morbidities in a growing demographic of elderly people. Aging is a complex process that involves cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous mechanisms where senescence plays an important role. Senescence is characterized by the loss of proliferative potential, resistance to cell death by apoptosis and expression of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP includes pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tissue-damaging proteases, growth factors; all contributing to tissue microenvironment alteration and loss of tissue homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the changes in the number and composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by senescent cells contribute to the adverse effects of senescence in aging. In addition, age-related alterations in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been associated to dysregulated functions. The loss of functional stem cells necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis likely directly contributes to aging. In this review, we will focus on the characteristics and role of EVs isolated from senescent MSCs, the potential effect of MSC-derived EVs in aging and discuss their therapeutic potential to improve age-related diseases.

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E ATUAÇÃO FISIOTERÁPICA EM PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS– ANÁLISE RESTROSPECTIVA

The prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases and life expectancy has increased, which is associated with the higher number of hospitalizations among the elderly. In this sense, physical therapy is an alternative treatment in this population and has several rehabilitation alternatives in order to favor the patient's functionality. The objective of this study was to characterize the profile of hospitalized patients and to point out the physiotherapeutic techniques used. This study is retrospective, with an analysis of records with physical therapy prescription of a public hospital in the period from 2015 to 2017. It was observed that the majority of the patients are men, elderly, with hypertension or more than one risk factor, smokers/ex-smokers, alcoholics, with normal BMI, mean hospital stay of 8 to 19 days and diagnosis in specialty oncology. The most used techniques are exercises breathing, diaphragmatic reeducation, active mobilization and walking. The most frequently used techniques depend on the active participation of the patient, which allows us to conclude the importance of the physiotherapist in hospital units, given their incentive profile to promote activities that can reestablish the patients' functionality

Avaliação do perfil do idoso dependente de ajuda quanto ao uso de medicamentos no município de Diadema, SP

Background: Brazil will be the sixth country with the greatest number of elderly people in 2025. This increase is also associated with an increase in the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases. These diseases directly affect elderly people as they depend on health services; and there is an increased demand for medicines. Objective: To describe the profile of the elderly who sought for drugs at a pharmacy in the city of Diadema, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in a given period, and the association between the need for help using medication and sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, search for health services and to knowledge about the drugs used by this population. Methods: A questionnaire containing 32 objectives and multiple-choice questions was applied to obtain this town’s elderly profile, regarding sociodemographic characterization, health status, self-medication habits, multidrug use, side effects and health service frequency of attendance. Results: Most of the elderly are women (66.33%), with incomplete high school (67.35%) and with arterial hypertension (16.12%); 37.7% of the elderly need help to take their medication. Conclusions: The results of this study can guide the rational prescription and plannning of actions to improve the quality of pharmaceutical care. This allows a more effective intervention of the pharmacist as a health professional, improving the adhesion of these elderly patients to their treatment regimens and promoting reductions in hospital costs by reducing the number of inappropriate prescriptions and hospitalizations. cos e promovendo a reducao dos custos hospitalares, ao reduzir o numero de prescricoes inadequadas e internacoes.

P870: Prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases of the nervous system in adolescents and adults people in physical therapy services

P870: Prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases of the nervous system in adolescents and adults people in physical therapy services

English

The prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases (CDD) is increasing rapidly in many countries throughout the world. This increase is mainly related to changes in lifestyles, but very little is known on adults from the developing countries. The aim of the study was to provide data on the prevalence of risk factors of chronic diseases in retired Senegalese men, and to investigate the relation between these risk factors and their socio economic status. A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 203 retired men aged 70 ± 7 years, living in Dakar and suburbans (Senegal). Clinical examination, anthropometry (weight, height, hip and waist circumferences), fasting glucose, triglycerides, total, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were carried out. Socio-economic data were also collected. The prevalence of CD risk factors was very high. 76.6% of the retired men were at risk of cardiovascular diseases, 31% were overweight and 28% have high fasted blood glucose. Hypertension was present in 33% of the population. Abdominal fatness (wait to hip ratio) was significantly more important in the high income group than in the lower income group. The high prevalence of CDD risk factors in the older Senegalese men is associated with their advanced age and their socio-economic conditions. Key words: Risk factors, prevalence, chronic diseases, Senegalese retired men.

Mudanças no cotidiano de cuidadores de idosos em processo demencial

À medida que o número de idosos aumenta devido ao envelhecimento populacional, a prevalência de doenças crônico-degenerativas cresce significativamente. Dentre estas, a demência se destaca como fator de risco para a incapacidade e a perda funcional, podendo promover uma relação de aumento de assistência nas atividades/ocupações cotidianas do idoso e modificações no contexto diário de quem cuida. Este artigo teve como objetivo apreender a percepção do cuidador de idosos em processo demencial frente ao seu cotidiano, identificando o status de suas ocupações/atividades em decorrência das relações de cuidado assumidas. Trata-se de estudo transversal, correlacional comparativo, com abordagem quantitativa. Para tanto, foi selecionada uma amostra de 22 cuidadores de idosos com diagnóstico de processo demencial, sendo seis cuidadores formais e 16 cuidadores informais. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados uma lista de ocupações e um questionário de caracterização do cuidador. Os dados mostraram que os cuidadores informais dedicam maior tempo às atividades de cuidado, com abandono de várias atividades cotidianas produtivas, de lazer e de cuidados pessoais após assumirem a atividade de cuidado. Nos cuidadores formais esses impactos são bem menores, uma vez que a atividade de cuidado compõe sua vida laborativa. Em ambos os grupos, constatou-se um baixo número de cuidadores que se capacitam para a atividade e estes referiram sentir dificuldades em lidar e orientar famílias no manejo para o cuidado do idoso. Conforme os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa e com base na literatura existente, o cuidadores informais são os principais responsáveis pelo cuidado e caracterizam-se por ter suas atividades cotidianas alteradas ou substituídas pela responsabilidade do cuidado.

Association between DBH gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children

Association between DBH gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children

Prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases and traumatic nervous system in adolescents and adults

Prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases and traumatic nervous system in adolescents and adults

Percepção de familiares e profissionais de saúde sobre os cuidados no final da vida no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde

The objective of this study is to reflect on care for people with terminal illnesses in primary health care. This study is relevant in the current context of demographic and epidemiological transition, in which there is an increase in the aging population and a rise in the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases. By means of qualitative research with a critical hermeneutic focus, individual interviews were conducted with seven family members, three professionals from the Family Health Strategy and two professionals from the Home Care Program. The analysis established two empirical categories: end of life care from the perception of family members and that of health professionals. The results showed that, despite the humanization discourse, reflected in the prerogative of living the final moments of life with the family, a serious problem in the discontinuity of care is concealed. It was concluded that, despite the efforts, little is achieved in improving the quality of life for those who die from terminal diseases at home in the Unified Health System in municipalities distant from large centers.

Short stature of mothers from an area endemic for undernutrition is associated with obesity, hypertension and stunted children: a population-based study in the semi-arid region of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil

The objectives of the study were to investigate whether the health conditions of mothers with short stature differed from those with normal stature, and to establish if these aspects were associated with the health of the offspring. Data relating to health and socio-economic, demographic and anthropometric conditions were collected from a probabilistic sample population consisting of 1180 mothers and 1511 children ( < 10 years) living in the semi-arid region of the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Mothers were categorised according to stature, with those in the 1st quartile being defined as of short stature and those in the 4th quartile being defined as of normal stature and serving as a reference for the comparison of variables of interest. Following verification that maternal stature fulfilled parametric assumptions, its associations with the other variables were determined by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients. After excluding strongly self-correlated variables (r >or= 0.70), the remaining variables were analysed by multiple linear regression. The results showed that low maternal stature was independently associated with obesity (percentage body fat >or= 30; P = 0.045), abdominal adiposity (waist:hip ratio >or= 0.85; P = 0.007) and high systolic blood pressure ( >or= 140 mmHg; P = 0.006). Short maternal stature was associated with low birth weight ( < 3000 g; P = 0.01) and stunting (height-for-age Z score < - 2; P = 0.019) in the offspring. Thus, in the semi-arid region of Alagoas, women of short stature presented a higher prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases and produced less healthy children than women of normal stature.

Occupational categories and chronic degenerative diseases in elderly workers

The current delay in retirement age and the changing job opportunities have led to a progressive aging of the working population with a subsequent increase in work related and chronic degenerative diseases. To assess the relationship between occupational categories and chronic degenerative diseases, the prevalence of respiratory, cardiovascular and musculo-skeletal diseases was evaluated in a sample of 7199 male workers. The results indicate that compared to the general population there is a greater prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases among blue-collar workers, porters, and drivers while the prevalence in white-collar workers was not different. The higher prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases in drivers, porters and in blue-collar workers, already at younger ages, suggests that these occupations are wearing jobs and could accelerate the aging process. This should be taken into account in assessing working ability and in defining programs focused on control of welfare expenses.

The Race Gallery: The Return of Racial Science

Marek Kohn Cape, £17.99, pp 322 ISBN 0 224 03958 X At the turn of the century some of the most innovative ideas concerning the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases and mental disabilities were formulated in eugenic and racial terms. As human genetics research and screening have advanced, questions of ethnicity, race, and disease continue to haunt modern medicine. Attention has shifted from external physical appearance to chromosomes and genes, and most recently to the molecular level, but ideas of some type of racial essence or identity have persisted, and the Human Genome Project has wisely included a built-in ethical component. Other scientists adhere to long discredited notions: some schools of anthropology in eastern Europe seem like remote tribes cut …