Abstract
Background and aims: The incidence of renal failure (RF) is growing in Brazil, resulting in increased public spending and negatively affecting the public health, which can lead to patient death. Identifying factors associated with mortality from this condition can help to characterize susceptible populations; therefore, institutional and governmental measures can be adopted for prevention and treatment. Materials and Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study using secondary data from Brazilian database (DATASUS). Deaths from RF between 2009 and 2019 and characteristics such as color/race, gender, education, region, and age group of the individuals were analyzed. Results: Since 2016, there has been a reduction of approximately 2% per year in the RF case fatality rate. North, Northeast, and Southeast regions had the highest case fatality rate, 13.6%, 13.17%, and 12.84%, respectively, which may be associated with high prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases. The elderly had the highest case fatality rates, ranging from 9.67% in individuals aged 50-59 years to 27.52% in the elderly over 80 years. Children under 1 year of age had a high case fatality rate of 15.03%. Moreover, the case fatality rate for individuals with education levels above 12 years of schooling was 0.50%, while the case fatality rate for individuals with 1 to 3 years of schooling was 3.52%, which is seven times higher. Case fatality rates of indigenous populations in the South and Southeast regions were 12.0% and 16.5%, approximately 20% higher than other populations. Conclusion: The presence of chronic-degenerative diseases, age above 50 and below 1 (elderly and preterm newborns), low level of education and being indigenous are factors associated with mortality from RF in Brazil.
Highlights
IntroductionRenal failure (RF) is a critical but treatable health condition, characterized by the reduction or loss of kidney function that can manifest itself in an acute or chronic form, usually resulting from an injury or kidney disease.[1,2]
It is estimated that 2 billion reals are spent annually in Brazil, just for the treatment of patients with kidney diseases, corresponding to about 5% of the budget allocated to the Unified Health System (SUS),[4] current data on the expenses caused by renal failure (RF) is lacking
The high prevalence of chronic diseases may influence the results found, given that according to data obtained from the last National Health Survey (PNS) of 2013,16 the Southeast region had the highest percentage of individuals diagnosed with diabetes, high blood pressure and/or heart disease, corroborating the result obtained in DATASUS
Summary
Renal failure (RF) is a critical but treatable health condition, characterized by the reduction or loss of kidney function that can manifest itself in an acute or chronic form, usually resulting from an injury or kidney disease.[1,2]. It is already known that other comorbidities are associated with the development of RF such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension.[10] These data corroborate the results obtained by an exploratory cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil using 105 medical records of patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease.[11]. Using the morbidity and mortality data available in Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) to trace the Results prevalence of RF and determine factors associated with According to the data available in DATASUS,[15] in the this condition in Brazil.[15]. Identifying these factors can period between 2009 and 2018, a total of 12 232 541 deaths help in understanding the incidence of the disease and were recorded in Brazil. They were of both genders and different social classes, regardless of ethnicity
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