Prevalence Of Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions Research Articles

Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions and associated factors among women attending a cervical cancer clinic in Western Uganda; results based on Pap smear cytology.

There are high incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer among females in East Africa. This is exacerbated by limited up-to-date data on premalignant lesions and associated factors in this setting. In this study, we determined the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions and associated factors among women attending the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital cervical cancer clinic in Southwestern Uganda. In this cross-sectional study, 364 participants were recruited from among women attending the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital cervical cancer clinic from 1 April to 30 June 2023. On consent, the study nurse collected demographic data and Pap smears, which were microscopically examined and reported by a laboratory scientist and a pathologist following the Bethesda grading system (2014). Statistical analyses were done in STATA version 17, using proportions, Chi-square, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine associated factors at ⩽0.05 significance level. The mean age of participants was 41.9 years. A third of all study participants (37.6%, 132/351) were contraceptive users, mostly hormonal contraceptives (87.1%, 115/132). Almost 88% (307/351) had an unknown Human Papilloma Virus status. The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions among our study participants was 6.6% (23/351), of which 73.9% (17/23) were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. More than half (9/17, 52.9%) of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were active hormonal contraceptive users. Use of hormonal contraceptives (OR: 3.032, p: 0.0253), use of intrauterine devices (OR: 6.284, p: 0.039), and any family history of cervical cancer (OR: 4.144, p: 0.049) were significantly associated with cervical intraepithelial lesions. The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions was 6.6%, lower than global estimates. Use of hormonal and intrauterine device contraceptives, as well as family history of cervical cancer, were significantly associated with cervical intraepithelial lesions among our study population. Prospective studies are recommended to further understand associations between different types of intrauterine devices and hormonal contraceptives, and cervical lesions.

Prevalence of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial lesions in HIV positive and negative women in the city of Florianopolis

Introduction: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection among women. The HPV of high oncogenic risk, associated with other factors, presents a risk of progressing to a precancerous lesion of the uterus and even cancer. Such an evolution is related to the persistence of the infection and other factors, mainly those that interfere with women’s immunity. The immunosuppression caused by HIV infection is an important factor for viral persistence and the onset of these lesions. Objectives: To compare the prevalence of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive and negative women and describe the possible associated risk factors. Methods: The sample consisted of 50 HIV positive women (study group) and 50 HIV negative women (control group) recruited from the public health system of Florianópolis from January to April 2022. Cervical samples were collected for cytological analysis and for the detection of high-risk oncogenic HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test, with a significance level set at 5% Results: HPV infection was more prevalent in the control group; however, HIV positive women presented higher frequency of intraepithelial lesions diagnosed on cytology. Factors such as higher number of sexual partners, depression and smoking were more frequent in the group of HIV positive women. CD4 T cells lower than 200 cells/mm3 was associated with a higher number of altered Pap smears and a positive HPV DNA test. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy and undetectable viral load were associated with more frequent normal cytology and undetected HPV DNA. Conclusion: The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women is higher than among women without the infection. The presence of HIV infection was the most important risk factor associated with the development of cervical lesions.

Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions in Women with Persistent Inflammatory Smear on Pap Smear: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Persistent inflammatory smear is a benign finding on pap test but is associated with premalignant lesion of the cervix. Further evaluation is therefore necessary. This study was done to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions in women with persistent inflammatory smear. This is descriptive observational study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of tertiary care centre of Nepal from 15th May 2020 to 14th May 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Board (Reference no MEMG/IRC/338/GA). Women with two consecutive pap smear reports showing inflammatory findings were enrolled. Colposcopy was performed and Modified Reid's colposcopic index was used to grade the lesions. Colposcopic guided biopsy was taken and tissue sent for histopathology for abnormal colposcopic lesions. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and frequency and percentages were used to present data. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Among 115 women, 57 (49.5%) at 95% Confidence Interval (40.37-58.63) had Cervical Intraepithelial lesions. Among them 48 (41.7%) had low grade intraepithelial lesions and 9 (7.8%) had high grade lesions on colposcopy. The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions in women with persistent inflammatory smear on pap was higher in our study compared to other studies.

Prevalence of Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion in Relation to HIV Status in Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Aim: The interaction between HPV and HIV infections is important in the development of cervical cancer especially where HIV prevalence is high and HPV vaccine coverage is low. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions in relation to HIV status among women in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Methodology: A total of 235 HIV negative women (HNW) and 231 HIV positive women(HPW) between the ages of 18-60 years were recruited and screened using conventional Pap smear in the cytology clinic of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. The results were classified according to the 2001 Bethesda System of classification. Result: Majority of the study participants were between the ages of 25 years and 36 years . 95.1% of the HNW and 89.3% of the HPW were negative for Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SILs). The prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology was more than two times higher in the cases than in the controls (10.6% vs 4.9%, p<0.05). The frequency for all categories of SILs was higher in the HPW. Conclusion: This result supports the inclusion of cervical cancer screening in the routine care of women living with HIV/AIDS in this region.

Investigation on the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus and cervical cancer among adult women, in Shenzhen

To investigate the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection and cervical cancer in adult women from Shenzhen. Cluster sampling was used to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection and cervical cancer from women aged 20 - 59 years old living in Luohu, Futian, Nanshan, Longgang and Baoan districts in Shenzhen from April 2006 to April 2010. All women were detected for liquid-based cytology test (LCT) or Thinprep cytologic test (TCT) and high-risk HPV-DNA test with hybrid capture II (HC-II). All women with ≥ ASC-US by cytology and/or a positive HC-II test were asked to return for colposcopy and four-quadrant biopsy. Endocervical curettage was performed. Pathological finding were used as the gold standard of the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 10 210 women were involved in the study and 10 017 of them having completed data. The overall positive rate of high-risk HPV-DNA was 16.29%. HPV positive rates in 20-, 30-, 35-, 40-, 45-, 50-59 age groups were 17.37%, 15.59%, 16.33%, 14.74%, 17.16% and 17.98%, respectively. The curve of HPV infection rates in different age groups appeared a 'W' shape. HPV infection rates in the 25-years-olds and 50-59 year-olds groups were significantly higher than the other age groups (χ(2) = 4.50, P = 0.03). The overall prevalence rate of cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) was 7.52%, of which the prevalence rates of low-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN I) was 5.32% high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN II/III) was 2.21%, cervical cancer was 0.12%. The prevalence of CIN I was significantly higher than the CIN II/III (χ(2) = 134.15, P < 0.001). The prevalence of cervical cancer in 45-age group was 0.12%, the highest. HPV infection rates increased with the grades of cervical lesions including women without CIN as 44.31%, in CINI as 70.73%, in CINII as 86.73%, and in CIN III as 96.75% and in cancer as 100.00%. The HPV infection rates were different in districts (χ(2) = 17.81, P = 0.03), with Futian and Luohu higher than those of Nanshan, Longgang and Baoan district. The prevalence rate of CIN in Baoan was lower than other districts. The CIN prevalence rates were not significantly different among the other districts of Shenzhen (χ(2) = 4.84, P = 0.18). The prevalence of cervical cancer was low in adult women living in Shenzhen, with cervical lesions still in the early stage. Prevention of HPV infection and treatment of CIN were the key points for the prevention of cervical cancer.

Risk Factors Associated With Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions In A Tertiary Hospital Setting.

Context Cervical cancer despite being largely preventable, is still the leading cause of gynaecological cancer related death among females in developing countries. Identification of risk factors will help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. Methodology This was a prospective study involving four hundred and eighty five women consecutively selected among the women attending gynaecological clinic at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin- City. Results The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesion in this study was 20.6%. A total of 216 (44.9%) of the women were aware of cervical cancer and only 32.4% were aware of cervical cancer screening while only 13.5% ever had at least a Pap smear testing. Premalignant cervical lesion was significantly higher among women 30 years and older and lower socioeconomic class with a significant linear trend in each of these groups. High parity especially vaginal delivery, cigarette smoking and having had a previous Pap testing were each associated with increased risk of abnormal Pap smear. First marriage before 20 years of age and lifetime partners in excess of four were associated with increased risk of abnormal Pap smear. Conclusion the study demonstrated that high parity and women over 30 years of age (especially those who married earlier than 20 years of age) had a higher yield of cervical premalignant lesions. Key Words: Risk Factors, Cervical intraepithelial lesions.