Prevalence Of Breast Cancer Research Articles

Abstract A118: Prevalence and risk factors of breast cancer diagnoses among Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander women

Abstract Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer for women nationally with evidence indicating clear racial and ethnic disparities in risk and occurrence. Yet our understanding of the distinct, population-level impacts among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) women is limited. NHPIs show elevated levels of multiple comorbidities and emerging evidence from local community studies suggests NHPIs suffer disproportionately from higher incidence, advanced stage of diagnoses, and lower survivability rates from breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, and risk factors associated with NHPI women diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods/Data: We utilized the 2014 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey (NHPI NHIS), a nationally representative survey conducted by the CDC-NCHS to collect high-quality data on health conditions, health risk behaviors, and healthcare utilization among NHPI populations. Among 2,588 participants, 4% reported having ever been diagnosed with cancer, and among those breast cancer was the most common. Descriptive and regression analysis of socio-demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and comorbidities to evaluate disparities in the incidence of breast cancer among NHPI women compared to other racial or ethnic populations. Findings/Conclusion: Population-based estimates of breast cancer prevalence among a diverse NHPI population show breast cancer inequities persist. Ongoing research is needed to better understand the underlying conditions and risks, prevention, and treatment of breast cancer in the population. Citation Format: Sarah A. McNally, Daniel J. Salas-Escabillas, Nicholas A. Sowizral, Sela V. Panapasa. Prevalence and risk factors of breast cancer diagnoses among Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A118.

The Relationship Between Religiosity and Self-Compassion in Breast Cancer Patients Post Mastectomy Surgery

In Indonesia, the prevalence of breast cancer is quite high, from report data (Riskesdas, 2018) stating that breast cancer reaches 42.1% with an average death rate of around 17%. The type of treatment that is often used by breast cancer patients is a mastectomy. Masectomy raises physical and psychological impact. The current phenomenon is that many women experience some level of psychosocial pressure during their cancer journey, which can have an impact on issues of faith or religiosity, self-compassion, and quality of life (Hewit et al, 2019). The research design conducted by researchers is observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were breast cancer patients after mastectomy surgery at Dr. Soebandi Jember and the sample of this study were 38 respondents. The religiosity analysis in this study found that the religiosity study of patients who experienced breast cancer post-masectomy surgery obtained that the median value of the religiosity variable was 60.00 with the lowest value being 23 and the highest being 64. Meanwhile, the self-compassion analysis found that self-compassion research on patients who experienced breast cancer after mastectomy surgery found that the median value of the self-compassion variable was 94.50 with the lowest value being 65 and the highest being 98. Analysis using Pearson Product moment obtained a p-value of 0.000 less than 0.05 so that the Ha hypothesis is accepted or it can be said that there is a relationship between religiosity and self-compassion in post-massectomy breast cancer patients at Dr. Soebandi Jember.

Machine learning-based models for the prediction of breast cancer recurrence risk

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in women worldwide. The prevalence and incidence of breast cancer is increasing every year; therefore, early diagnosis along with suitable relapse detection is an important strategy for prognosis improvement. This study aimed to compare different machine algorithms to select the best model for predicting breast cancer recurrence. The prediction model was developed by using eleven different machine learning (ML) algorithms, including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector classification (SVC), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), decision tree, multilayer perceptron (MLP), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), Gaussian naive Bayes (GaussianNB), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), to predict breast cancer recurrence. The area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and F1 score were used to evaluate the performance of the prognostic model. Based on performance, the optimal ML was selected, and feature importance was ranked by Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values. Compared to the other 10 algorithms, the results showed that the AdaBoost algorithm had the best prediction performance for successfully predicting breast cancer recurrence and was adopted in the establishment of the prediction model. Moreover, CA125, CEA, Fbg, and tumor diameter were found to be the most important features in our dataset to predict breast cancer recurrence. More importantly, our study is the first to use the SHAP method to improve the interpretability of clinicians to predict the recurrence model of breast cancer based on the AdaBoost algorithm. The AdaBoost algorithm offers a clinical decision support model and successfully identifies the recurrence of breast cancer.

Breast carcinoma among patients undergoing breast ultrasonography in a tertiary care center: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Introduction: Ultrasonography (USG) is one of the modality of choice for detection of breast lesions due to its advantage over radiation exposure, differentiation between solid tumor and cyst filled with fluid, especially for imaging of young age females. The aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of breast cancer among the patients undergoing scanning of USG and estimate its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to detect breast lesion in comparison with histopathology. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 15th April to 10th September, 2022. A sample size of 426 was taken in convenience sampling method. Collected data were entered and analyzed on SPSS 25.0. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of USG to detect breast lesion in comparison to histopathology findings. Results: Among 426 patients sample coming from OPD, breast cancer was seen in 53 (12.44%) patients. Among 426, 418 were female and 8 were male patients. Age ranged from 13-75 years. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of USG to detect breast lesion are 94%, 100%, 94.23%, 100% and 97% respectively. Conclusion: The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of USG to detect breast lesion is quite high. USG is highly recommended in examination of breast lesions.

A Comparative Study of the Mammographic Prevalence of Breast Cancer in Nigerian Army Personnel and Civilians Attending 44 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital Kaduna-A Five Years Retrospective Study

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a disease in which abnormal cells in the breast mutate and grow out of control. It is the most common malignancy affecting women in Nigeria. The disease typically affects women of various nationalities and socioeconomic backgrounds, making it a global concern. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine and compare the prevalence of breast cancer among military personnel and non-military personnel attending the Radiology department of 44 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital Kaduna. Methods: A retrospective study involving a total of 508 patients who presented for mammography at the radiology department. A P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Five-hundred and eight mammographic records were used. The mean age in this study was 44.23years. The prevalence of breast cancer among Nigerian army and civilians in this study were 2.4% and 13.8% respectively. . Conclusion: The prevalence of breast cancer is higher among non-Nigerian Army personnel than their Nigerian army counterparts.

Investigating the trends of incidence rates of breast cancer in Southern Iran: a population based survey

BackgroundThe overall incidence of breast cancer is different all over the world and even within a nation. The present study aims to investigate the stratum-specific incidence trends of breast cancer in southern Iran.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, the data of Fars Population-Based Cancer Registry was used during 2001–2018. New cancer cases with ICD-O-3 codes C50.0 to C50.9 were categorized based on age group, morphology, and topography. Age-specific incidence rates of breast cancer were calculated during 2001–2018. Annual overall and truncated age-standardized incidence rates and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were also calculated. Afterward, the Annual Percentage Changes (APCs) of the age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates of breast cancer during 2001–2018 were calculated using Joinpoint regression software.ResultsAn increasing trend was observed in the incidence of breast cancer among women during 2001–2018 (APC of age-standardized incidence rates: 9.5 (95% CI: 7.5, 11.5)).However, the trend was increasing less during the recent years. The APC of age-standardized rates decreased from 15.03 (95% CI: 10.4, 19.8) in 2007 to 6.15(95% CI: 4.0, 8.4) in 2018. The most common morphology of breast cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma (77.3% in females and 75.1% in males) and its trend was similar to the general trend of different types of breast cancer. The most common site of breast cancer was the upper outer quadrant. Most breast cancer cases were female and males accounted for 2.45% of the cases. Among females, 40–55 was the most prevalent age group.ConclusionThe incidence of breast cancer among women living in southern Iran showed an increasing trend from 2001 to 2018. However, the rate of increase exhibited a milder slope during the more recent years. Based on the higher prevalence of breast cancer in the 40–55 age group observed in the present study, it offers valuable insight into the potential reduction of the breast cancer screening age from 50 to 40 years for healthy Iranian women. However, before implementing such a policy change, it is crucial to conduct additional studies that specifically examine the cost-effectiveness, as well as the potential benefits and risks associated with this alteration.

VetConnect Cancer Navigator: Enhancing care for veterans with breast and gynecologic cancers.

554 Background: With women becoming the fastest-growing group in the Veteran population, the prevalence of breast and gynecologic cancers among Veterans is a growing concern. Studies have demonstrated higher rates of breast cancer among Veterans compared to nonveterans. As the number of women Veterans continues to rise, an increased incidence of breast and gynecologic cancers is expected. Unfortunately, efficient identification of newly diagnosed cases among Veterans is often lacking, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. The Breast/Gynecological System of Excellence (BGSOE) aims to ensure that Veterans with breast and gynecologic cancers receive state-of-the-art, guideline-adherent care, whether within the VA system or at outside institutions. Methods: To address this issue, BGSOE stakeholders collaborated to develop a comprehensive care coordination infrastructure called the VetConnect Cancer Navigator. This tool not only identifies newly diagnosed cases of breast and/or gynecologic cancers, but also provides additional navigation support to Veterans who may be receiving their cancer care within the VA or other healthcare systems. The development process involved designing a user-friendly interface, extracting relevant data, and integrating advanced analytics to optimize user experience. Continuous evaluations, both formal and informal, were conducted to ensure optimal usability and workflow fitness. In January 2023, the VetConnect Cancer Navigator was launched as a pilot program at the Durham VA Medical Center. Results: From January 2021 to June 2023, a total of 5,519 Veterans were identified with newly diagnosed breast and/or gynecologic cancers throughout the entire nationwide VA system. Since the launch of the navigator at the Durham VA Medical Center pilot site, it has successfully identified 37 Veterans with newly diagnosed breast and/or gynecologic cancers. Of these cases, 27 patients have been contacted by the dedicated nurse navigator, 22 have completed an intake form, and 18 have agreed to enroll in the BGSOE navigation program. Conclusions: The VetConnect Cancer Navigator represents a pioneering approach to the design and implementation of health information technology tools. As demonstrated through the pilot site, the navigator facilitates innovative coordination and delivery of healthcare, specifically tailored to the need of the BGSOE program, this tool significantly enhances the quality of care provided to Veterans with breast and/or gynecologic cancers. Through improved care coordination and navigation support, the VetConnect Cancer Navigator plays a crucial role in ensuring Veterans receive optimal, guideline-based care regardless of their treatment location within or outside the VA system.

MO52-5 Prevalence and clinical features of triple-negative breast cancer in a tertiary government hospital in the Philippines

MO52-5 Prevalence and clinical features of triple-negative breast cancer in a tertiary government hospital in the Philippines

Historical trends in breast cancer presentation among women in Pakistan from join-point regression analysis.

Breast cancer prevalence in Pakistan is among the highest in Asian countries. Recent changes in the temporal trends of breast cancer are largely unknown and examination of these trends can provide a direction in national planning for future health programs. The aim of this study was to examine recent changes in breast cancer incidence in Pakistan. A total of 9,771 diagnosed breast cancer women were registered from 2004 to 2015 in three hospitals of Karachi. Join-point regression analysis was applied to assessing the age-standardized breast cancer presentation trends for each five-year age group. Age-specific average annual percentage changes were also calculated to assess the proportion of women with increased or decreased incidence of breast cancer. Age-standardized rates of breast cancer steadily increased from 24.7 per 100,000 in 2004, to 45.4 per 100,000 in 2015. The analytical trend based on the join-point model showed an average percentage increase breast cancer prevalence of 5.4 (95% CI = 3.1, 7.8). Significantly higher prevalence rates were identified among women aged 40-44 years and 65-69 years with an average percentage change of 18.5 (95% CI = 2.3, 37.2) and 14.3 (95% CI = 2.2, 27.9) respectively in the four years from 2011 to 2015. The findings indicate the trend in age-standardized prevalence increased significantly in all age groups with noticeably larger increases observed among older and post-menopausal women from 2011 to 2015. The results warrant the need for more targeted interventions to high-risk groups and a sound foundation for cancer control program planning and policy development in Pakistan to reduce the increasing incidence of breast cancer.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Dengan Menggunakan Audiovisual Terhadap Pengetahuan Pemeriksaan Sadari Pada Mahasiswi ITEKES Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Barat

Breast cancer is a health problem and cause of death for women today both in Indonesia and throughout the world, the prevalence of breast cancer in the world is 508,000 deaths (World Health Organization, 2013). Objective: This research aims to see the influence of Health Education on examining BSE knowledge in ITEKES Muhammadiyah West Kalimantan students. Methodology: This research uses a pre-experimental method with a pre-post test without control, the sampling technique in this research uses total sampling. Research Results: The results of the Wilcoxon statistical test show (p value = 0.000 p value < 0.000, meaning that there is an influence of Health Education on the level of examination of BSE knowledge before and after being given health education using the audiovisual method. Conclusion: There is a difference in the level of knowledge before and after being given Health Education using the audio-visual method regarding SADSARI knowledge of West Kalimantan Muhammadiyah ITEKES students.

Real-World Diagnostic Accuracy of the On-Site Cytopathology Advance Report (OSCAR) Procedure Performed in a Multidisciplinary One-Stop Breast Clinic.

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has been widely used for the diagnosis of breast cancer lesions with the objective of differentiating benign from malignant masses. However, the occurrence of unsatisfactory samples and false-negative rates remains a matter of concern. Major improvements have been made thanks to the implementation of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in multidisciplinary and integrated medical settings such as one-stop clinics (OSCs). In these settings, clinical and radiological examinations are combined with a morphological study performed by interventional pathologists. The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the on-site cytopathology advance report (OSCAR) procedure on breast FNA cytologic samples in our breast OSC during the first three years (April 2004 till March 2007) of its implementation. To this goal, we retrospectively analyzed a series of 1820 breast masses (1740 patients) radiologically classified according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) BI-RADS lexicon (67.6% being either BI-RADS 4 or 5), sampled by FNA and immediately diagnosed by cytomorphology. The clinicoradiological, cytomorphological, and histological characteristics of all consecutive patients were retrieved from the hospital computerized medical records prospectively registered in the central information system. Histopathological analysis and ultrasound (US) follow-up (FU) were the reference diagnostic tests of the study design. In brief, we carried out either a histopathological verification or an 18-month US evaluation when a benign cytology was concordant with the components of the triple test. Overall, histology was available for 1138 masses, whereas 491 masses were analyzed at the 18-month US-FU. FNA specimens were morphologically nondiagnostic in 3.1%, false negatives were observed in 1.5%, and there was only one false positive (0.06%). The breast cancer prevalence was 62%. Diagnostic accuracy measures of the OSCAR procedure with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were the following: sensitivity (Se) = 97.4% (96.19-98.31); specificity (Sp) = 94.98% (92.94-96.56); positive predictive value (PPV) = 96.80% (95.48-97.81); negative predictive value (NPV) = 95.91% (94.02-97.33); positive likelihood ratio (LR+) = 19.39 (13.75-27.32); negative predictive ratio (LR-) = 0.03 (0.02-0.04), and; accuracy = 96.45% (95.42-97.31). The respective positive likelihood ratio (LR+) for each of the four categories of cytopathological diagnoses (with their 95% CI) which are malignant, suspicious, benign, and nondiagnostic were 540 (76-3827); 2.69 (1.8-3.96); 0.03 (0.02-0.04); and 0.37 (0.2-0.66), respectively. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the OSCAR procedure is a highly reliable diagnostic approach and a perfect test to select patients requiring core-needle biopsy (CNB) when performed by interventional cytopathologists in a multidisciplinary and integrated OSC setting. Besides drastically limiting the rate of nondiagnostic specimens and diagnostic turn-around time, OSCAR is an efficient and powerful first-line diagnostic approach for patient-centered care.

Tailored to a Woman's Heart: Gender Cardio-Oncology Across the Lifespan.

Females outnumber males among long-term cancer survivors, primarily as a result of the prevalence of breast cancer. Late cardiovascular effects of cancer develop over several decades, which for many women, may overlap with reproductive and lifecycle events. Thus, women require longitudinal cardio-oncology care that anticipates and responds to their evolving cardiovascular risk. Women may experience greater cardiotoxicity from cancer treatments compared to men and a range of treatment-associated hormonal changes that increase cardiometabolic risk. Biological changes at critical life stages, including menarche, pregnancy, and menopause, put female cancer patients and survivors at a unique risk of cardiovascular disease. Women also face distinct psychosocial and physical barriers to accessing cardiovascular care. We describe the need for a lifespan-based approach to cardio-oncology for women. Cardio-oncology care tailored to women should rigorously consider cancer treatment/outcomes and concurrent reproductive/hormonal changes, which collectively shape quality of life and cardiovascular outcomes.

Development and Validation of Breast cancer and Breast self-examination scale to assess the Knowledge and attitude towards Breast cancer and Breast self-examination

The second most prevalent type of cancer after lung cancer, breast cancer affects women more frequently than any other type.BSE is a screening method that women can use at home to find breast cancer early on. Whether female college students are sufficiently informed about breast cancer. They can aid in reducing the prevalence of breast cancer in their neighbourhood and assist in cancer prevention for themselves. As the nation's future mothers, they ought to be at least somewhat knowledgeable about breast cancer. The secondary objective was to perform its reliability and validity. Apart from referring to previous existing scales, were also considered while developing the scale. The scale was administered to a total of 1006 participants, from pharmacy, medical, nursing, and BSC &MSC with ages ranging from 18-33 years. The participants did not report any difficulty in understanding the questions. The final scale consists of (21-items development and validation of breast cancer and breast self-examination scale) with a content validity index (CVI=1), Pearson's 'r' value (0.96), Cronbach's Alpha (0.923). Hence (21-items development and validation of breast cancer and breast self-examination scale) turned out to be a reliable and valid tool in assessing knowledge, attitude about breast cancer and breast self-examination among female college students. The (21-items development and validation of breast cancer and breast self-examination scale) is expected to aid in the clinical evaluation and research the field.

Health Considerations for Female Orthopaedic Surgeons.

The number of female orthopaedic surgeons is increasing. They face unique health concerns, which include cancer risk, pregnancy and fertility problems, musculoskeletal issues, and mental health disorders. In 2010, a survey study showed a 2.9-fold increased prevalence of breast cancer in female orthopaedic surgeons, compared with women in the general US population. A follow-up study 13 years later showed a 3.97-fold higher prevalence of breast cancer in female orthopaedic surgeons compared with matched women in the US general population. Surveys on fertility have also reported that orthopaedic surgery is one of three surgical subspecialty fields with the highest rates of fertility difficulty. In addition, the rate of pregnancy loss in female surgeons was twice the rate compared with that of the general population. There is an increased risk of preterm delivery in female orthopaedic surgeons. Awareness, education, and preventive measures may help reduce these issues and thereby promote the recruitment, retainment, and success of female surgeons in orthopaedic surgery.

Novel diagrammatical analyses of turnover of patients with cancer

Background/Aims The Inverted Nomogramma di Gandy is a diagrammatical method for evaluating staff turnover in large organisations. This exploratory research investigated whether it could be applied to cohorts of ‘active’ patients with cancer (those within the first 5 years of diagnosis) and provide additional insights into the underlying dynamics of cancer incidence and prevalence. Methods The Inverted Nomogramma di Gandy method was applied using relevant data for all clinical commissioning groups in England in 2017. This article details the data and results for breast and lung cancer. To evaluate the method's usefulness to healthcare practitioners, a report was circulated throughout the Cheshire and Merseyside Cancer Alliance, with readers asked to respond to a 15-item survey about their perceptions of the method and its usefulness. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results There were wide variations in incidence and prevalence of breast and lung cancer across England. The diagram showed dispersed patterns for cancer alliances and identified the locations of individual outliers, revealing the underlying dynamics. The patterns for breast cancer and lung cancer were very different; even within the Cheshire and Merseyside Cancer Alliance there were some marked variations between locations. Survey respondents were generally neutral or positive about the method. Conclusions This diagrammatical method provided useful analyses that were complementary to incidence and prevalence data, and potentially useful for practitioners. Because the method uses existing available data, it could be rapidly introduced to services.

Özel Bir Hastanenin Kadın Hastaları Arasında Meme Kanseri Farkındalığı: Türkiye'de Risk Faktörleri, Semptomlar ve Tutumlar Üzerine Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Background/Aims: The global prevalence of breast cancer continues to rise, necessitating heightened awareness, early detection, and effective management strategies. This study aimed to assess differences in breast cancer awareness, risk factors, symptoms, and attitudes among economically well-off female patients in Turkey.
 Material and Methods: A single-center survey was conducted at a private hospital, involving 189 economically well-off patients. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis.
 Results: Participants had a mean age of 50.2 years, with the highest awareness of risk factors and symptoms observed in the 31-50 age group. Marital status and education were associated with breast cancer awareness, risk factors, symptoms, and screening methods. Education level correlated with enhanced knowledge of risk factors and symptoms. The prevalence of breast cancer risk awareness was 41.2%, with the most recognized risk factors being smoking and family history. Palpable lump (36.4%) and redness of breast skin (16.9%) were identified as common symptoms. Screening methods included self-breast examination (12.2%), physician examination (13.2%), ultrasonography (19%), magnetic resonance imaging (15.9%), and mammography (23.3%).
 Discussion: Breast cancer remains a critical global health concern, necessitating increased awareness and early detection. In Turkey, breast cancer poses a significant health burden. Socioeconomic factors impact awareness and outcomes, with education and marital status influencing awareness levels. The study highlights the need for tailored interventions and accessible screening programs to enhance awareness and early detection.
 Conclusion: This study sheds light on breast cancer awareness and attitudes among economically well-off female patients in Turkey. Education, marital status, and age play pivotal roles in shaping awareness levels. Targeted interventions and education are crucial for improving early detection, reducing mortality rates, and effectively addressing breast cancer.

The New Anti-Estrogens with Anti-Cancer Properties for Breast Cancer

Purpose: Considering the high prevalence of breast cancer and the radiation sensitivity of breast tissue, it is necessary to optimize the treatment process of this tumor, especially when using radiation therapy methods.
 The present study was conducted to investigate the effect and complications of new anti-estrogens on the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.
 Materials and Methods: Articles were searched in PubMed, Science direct, Embassy, Cochran, and Scopus databases using the keywords Cancer AND Anti-estrogen, Breast Cancer AND anti-estrogen AND mice, Breast cancer And anti-estrogen AND rat. The authors reviewed the abstract and full text of the articles and the relevant studies were selected for systematic review.
 Results: The anti-estrogens used in the reviewed studies included TAM, RAL, SS1020, SS1010, GW5638, OSP, 4-OHTAM, and TOR. Anti-estrogen-related side effects included liver and uterine complications, especially in the case of using TAM anti-estrogen (54%). Moreover, uterine hypertrophy was observed using GW5638, RAL, and SS1010 anti-estrogens; while it happened with a lower percentage than TAM, 16%, 14%, and 13%, respectively. Side effects were significantly reduced by reducing the prescribed dose. So that this reduction for TAM is from 54% to 33%. In relation to the effect of antiestrogens on tumor treatment, the most effective and least complications were related to the antiestrogen "SS1020".
 Conclusion: Based on the results of reviewed studies, SS1020, which has no estrogenic and genotoxic activity, was safe and the most effective anti-estrogen against breast cancer in animals and also in humans.

Identification of common genetic features and pathways involved in pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and ER-positive breast cancer.

Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (PLAM) have a markedly higher prevalence of breast cancer (BC) than the general population. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we employed a bioinformatics approach to understand the association between PLAM and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC. The PLAM (GSE12027) and ER-positive BC (GSE42568, GSE29044, and GSE29431) datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and GEO2R was used to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between them. Functional annotation was performed, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Hub genes were identified and verified using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We conducted an immune infiltration analysis; based on the results, selected 102 common DEGs for follow-up analysis. Functional analyses revealed that the DEGs were mostly enriched in cell proliferation, gene expression regulation, and tumor-related pathways. Four hub genes-ESR1, IL6, PLA2G4A, and CAV1-were further analyzed, and CAV1 was revealed to be associated with clinical outcomes and immune infiltration in ER-positive BC. This study proposes a common, possible pathogenesis of PLAM and ER-positive BC. These common pathways and pivotal genes may provide new directions for further mechanistic studies.

Identification of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer based on gene expression omnibus.

Breast cancer is regarded as a highly malignant neoplasm in the female population, posing a significant risk to women's overall well-being. The prevalence of breast cancer has been observed to rise in China, accompanied by an earlier age of onset when compared to Western countries. Breast cancer continues to be a prominent contributor to cancer-related mortality and morbidity among women, primarily due to its limited responsiveness to conventional treatment modalities. The diagnostic process is challenging due to the presence of non-specific clinical manifestations and the suboptimal precision of conventional diagnostic tests. There is a prevailing uncertainty regarding the most effective screening method and target populations, as well as the specificities and execution of screening programs. To identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Overlapping differentially expressed genes were screened based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE36765, GSE10810, and GSE20086) and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. A protein-protein interaction network was applied to excavate the hub genes among these differentially expressed genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, as well as gene set enrichment analyses, were conducted to examine the functions of these genes and their potential mechanisms in the development of breast cancer. For clarification of the diagnostic and prognostic roles of these genes, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted. This study demonstrated that calreticulin, heat shock protein family B member 1, insulin-like growth Factor 1, interleukin-1 receptor 1, Krüppel-like factor 4, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, and triosephosphate isomerase 1 are potential diagnostic biomarkers of breast cancer as well as potential treatment targets with clinical implications. The screening of biomarkers is of guiding significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of the diseases.

The effects of synbiotics supplementation on reducing chemotherapy-induced side effects in women with breast cancer: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial

BackgroundThe prevalence of breast cancer and its mortality rate are increasing rapidly among women worldwide. On other hand, the courses of chemotherapy as the main treatment for these patients are too much exhaustive and annoying. This study was designed to evaluate the use of synbiotics (probiotics + prebiotics) supplementation as a safe and inexpensive adjuvant treatment in reducing common chemotherapy side effects in women with breast cancer.MethodsThe current study was conducted on 67 women with definitive diagnosis of breast cancer who were hospitalized to receive one-day chemotherapy sessions, and met the inclusion criteria. The patients were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group to receive synbiotics or placebo, respectively. They received oral consumption of synbiotics supplements twice a day for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the changes in severity or experience of chemotherapy complication, analyzed by intention to treat (ITT). The instruments included 7 validated questionnaires which were used to assess chemotherapy complications in the initiation, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after intervention. Dietary intake was measured by 24-h dietary recall at the beginning, week 4 and week 8. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results67 breast cancer patients participated in the study. 8 weeks after intervention and adjusting the confounders, the severity of chemotherapy complications including unnormal defecation (P = 0.005) and fatigue (P < 0/001) decreased significantly in the synbiotics group compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, nausea/vomiting (P = 0.015), and anorexia (P < 0.001) were decreased at the end of the study compared to the first visit, but it was not statistically significant compared to the placebo group.ConclusionsSynbiotics supplementation during chemotherapy can potentially reduce the severity of fatigue and abnormal defecation. It can help reduce anorexia and nausea/vomiting.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (registered code: IRCT20091114002709N56) (date of registration: 5/5/2021). Direct link to the trial page: https://www.irct.ir/trial/54559.