Prevalence Of ARI Research Articles

Prevalence and risk factors of pneumonia in under five children living in slums of Dibrugarh town

BackgroundPneumonia is a severe form of acute lower respiratory infection responsible for high preventable morbidities and mortality amongst under five year child. Many risk factors and barriers for care seeking influencing the prevalence of ARI and pneumonia. MethodsA community based cross sectional study was undertaken in two slums of Dibrugarh town that were randomly selected. SubjectSelection was done by probability proportionate to size technique. A total of 624 children were examined by house to house visit. ResultsPrevalence of pneumonia was 16.34%. Socio economic status (p=0.005), education of mothers (p=0.000), timely initiation of complementary feeding (p=0.006), complete immunization (p=0.000) and indoor air pollution (p=0.000), were significantly associated with occurrence of pneumonia. In multivariate analysis, pneumonia is significantly associated with indoor air pollution. ConclusionHigh prevalence of pneumonia and its association with different preventable risk factors needs to be addressed. Different community based intervention can be implemented to reduce this preventable morbidities.

Magnitude of acute respiratory infections in 6 months- 6 years in a rural hospital in B G Nagara: a cross-sectional study

Background: ARI is a major cause for morbidity and mortality in under five children and is responsible for 30-50% of all outpatients and 20-40% of in-patients. The overall incidence may be 5 episodes/child/year accounting for about 238 million attacks. Objectives: To study the prevalence of ARI in 6 months- 6 years children in a rural hospital in B G Nagara. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year in a rural hospital. Symptoms of cough, cold, fever, refusal of feeds and hurried breathing were considered to assess an ARI episode. Respiratory rate >60/minute ( 50(2-12 months) and >40(1-5 years) in a child with cough, cold or fever singly or in combination was considered the criteria for recognition of pneumonia. Other parameters like previous episodes, family history of ARI and immunization status were also taken into account. Results: Out of the 145 children with ARI surveyed, 69.7% had LRTI while 30.3% had URTI. 63.4% male children and 36.6% female children had ARI; male: female ratio being 1.7:1. It was more predominant in the age group of 6-12 months (46.2%). Out of the 32 children not breast fed, 75% had LRTI and 25% had URTI. 31.7% of the children had previous episodes of ARI while 11% of the children had positive family history of ARI. Conclusion: An understanding of ARI prevalence and the associated risk factors is essential. There is a significant association between ARI and low socioeconomic status, overcrowding, low birth weight, delay in the initiation of breast feeding, lack of exclusive breast feeding, prelacteal feeding, timely given complementary feeding and immunization status. The importance of basic health promotional measures like proper infant feeding practices, proper nutrition, immunization and improvement in the socioeconomic status help in the control and prevention of ARI.

A study on prevalence and determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in the rural field practice area of S.N.Medical College, Bagalkot: A cross-sectional study

Background Acute Respiratory Infections ARI constitutes a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children. ARI accounts for 30-50 of visits to health facilities and 20-40 of hospital admissions. Chronic diseases like ear infections malnutrition and their subsequent disability among children are due to inadequately treated episodes of ARI.Objectives To find out the prevalence of ARI in children below the age of 5 years and to find out the determinants of ARI in children below the age of 5 years.Materials and Methods Across-sectional study was carried out in the rural field practice area of S.Nijalingappa Medical College Bagalkot. Results The overall prevalence of ARI was found to be 33.6. Prevalence was higher in boys Muslims children living in kutcha houses and houses where smoke forming fuels were used.Conclusions Prevalence of respiratory infections cannot be reduced without an overall increase in social and economic development.

English

BACKGROUND: Children are the most precious assets of a country and their health status is highly reliable index of nation's health. OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of ARI among under-five children in the area and to assess its association with some selected variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among under-five children in the village from September to December 2007. A sample size of 390 (13*30) was selected and participants were examined after interviewing mother or care taker. Chi square test was applied for significance in the difference. RESULTS: Out of 390 under-five children 92.3% were sick in the last 3 months of visit. Majority of them (83.6%) were suffering from ARI with episode of 2.6/child in last 3 months. CONCLUSION: The

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS PASARKEMIS, KABUPATEN TANGERANG

ARI incidence at Pasar Kemis Public Health Center is the highest infectious disease case in last 2 years. The prevalence of ARI at Pasar Kemis Public Health Center was 9.2% for all age groups and 10.9% for children under fives, while in 2020 it was 8.9% for all age groups and 5.3% for children under fives. This shows that ARI cases in 2020 decreased compared to 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with ARI incidence in children under five. This type of research is analytic observational with a case-control design by taking primary data in working area of Pasar Kemis Public Health Center. The dependent variables in this study are nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, immunization status, family members smoking behavior, use of mosquito coils, garbage burning behavior, ventilation area, residential density and economic status and the independent variable was ARI incidence. The sample size used was 33 case samples and 66 control samples with data inclusion and exclusion techniques. The instruments are questionnaires, roll meters, microtoise, and scales. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariable with Chi Square technique and processed using SPSS. Result shows that birth weight (p value=0.00; OR=8.62; 95% CI=1.68-44.25) and house ventilation (p value=0.02; OR=3.63; 95% CI=1.13-11.61) correlated with ARI incidence in children under five. Factors that most correlated is birth weight (p value=0.02; OR adj=5.55; 95% CI=1.23-24.92). Suggestion in this research is to pay attention to pregnant women’s nutrition so that they don’t give birth with low birth weight and pay attention housing health.

Prevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Acute Respiratory tract Infections in Rural areas of Kashmir valley under 5 Years of Age

Research Question: How important is acute respiratory tract infections in children less than 5 years of age and what are the main factors that need attention. Objective: To determine the magnitude of ARI under 5 years of age in rural areas of Kashmir valley. 2) To identify various risk factors responsible for ARI. Methodology: Community based Cross sectional study using multistage sampling procedure was used to study 1644 children. A house to house survey was carried out in the defined geographical region in order to determine the prevalence and risk factors of ARI less than 5 years of age. Results: Among 1644 children under 5 years of age studied, 886 (53.89%) were males and 758 (46.11%) female. An overall prevalence of 21.41% under 5 years of age was observed in a Kashmir valley. The prevalence of ARI varied according to the age of child being 19.3% in age group of 0-1 years, 23.0% in 1-3 years and 20.4% in age group of 3-5 years. Prevalence of ARI was more (22.5%) in male children as compared to female (20.05%) children [P>0.05]. The socio demographic variables that showed a significant relationship with ARI prevalence were parental literacy status (OR = 1.806; CI = 1.333 - 2.447; P < 0.05) and more so the Mother's literacy status (OR = 1.635; CI = 1.284 - 2.083; P < 0.05). ARI risk being high among Malnourished children (OR = 2.38; CI = 1.804 - 3.157; P<0.05), inappropriately immunized children (OR=2.41; CI = 1.853 - 3.154, P<0.05), children lacking exclusive Breast feeding (OR = 4.854; CI = 3.735 - 6.309; P< 0.05) or put on early or delayed weaning (OR = 1.66; CI = 1.302 - 2.140; P < 0.05). Environmental / housing variables also showed significant association with ARI with risk being high in children living in poor ventilation (OR = 4.865; CI = 3.78 - 6.259; P < 0.05), overcrowded houses (OR = 1.829; CI = 1.442 - 2.320; P < 0.05), houses with kitchen not separate (OR = 1.829, CI = 1.442 - 5.481, P < 0.05), and using cooking fuel other than LPG (OR = 2.063; CI = 1.615-2.634; P < 0.05) Conclusion: Besides sensitizing mothers on childhood nutritional (exclusive breast feeding and early / delayed weaning) and immunization the role of environmental /housing variables (Poor ventilation, over crowding, combined kitchen and use of cooking fuel other than LPG) need attention.

Effect of morbidity on change in mid-upper arm circumference in children under five years of age A COHORT STUDY IN PURWOREJO, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

The objective of this study were to find out the effect of morbidity (diarrhoeal diseases /DD & acute respiratory infection/ARI) on mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in children uner five years of age and to evaluate the impact of potential confounding and effect modifying factors on association between morbidity and MUAC development i.e. socioeconomic status, living area and breast feeding. A cohort study was carried out to follow morbidity and MUAC development from February 1996 to January 1997, including home visits and examinations every 3 months, totally four times. Data were collected through interviews and MUAC was measured using standard non-stretchable plastic tape. This analysis was performed on 2708 individuals (45.3% of the total sample), where complete morbidity and MUAC information was available, DD and ARI prevalence was highest in the second half of infancy. The overall period prevalence of DD and ARI was 1.4 and 9.9%, respectively. There was a small, but significant negative effect of diarrhoea on change in MUAC among infants below one year in the rural area, less so in the urban area. In older children there was no association between morbidity and MUAC velocity. There was a small positive association between maternal education and MUAC development in both age groups. Diarrhoeal diseases, showed a negative influence on MUAC development in infancy. However, in this study MUAC development from 12 months and onwards was not influenced by the load of illness. MUAC seems to be less sensitive in reflecting the morbidity history of the child, as compared to other anthropometric measurements.

Acute respiratory infections in primary health care centres in northern Saudi Arabia

This study was carried out in the northern region of Saudi Arabia during 1419 AH (1998 AD). A random sample of 1200 prescriptions was analysed to determine the magnitude of factors associated with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and their treatment. ARI were diagnosed in more than one-third of the prescriptions analysed, of which upper respiratory infections accounted for 65.8%, and pneumonia less than 1%. The prevalence of ARI was significantly higher in urban areas, among children, among males and during the colder seasons of the year. Antibiotics were prescribed for 87.8% of patients. This study reinforces the need to implement forthwith the Saudi national programme for diagnosis and treatment of ARI.