Prevalence Of Hypertension Research Articles

Overview of the Burden and Challenges of Hypertension in Asia-Pacific

There remains great heterogeneity in the availability of data and approaches in managing hypertension in Asia-Pacific. A narrative review was performed to better understand the epidemiology of hypertension and challenges in hypertension care provision regionally. The data obtained were discussed under five domains: epidemiology; hospitalisation and financial impact; medication prescription; national guidelines, societies and measures; and barriers and challenges in managing hypertension. Sixteen countries were included, with the prevalence of hypertension ranging between 10.6% and 48.3%. Rates of undiagnosed, untreated and uncontrolled hypertension were alarming throughout the region, with various factors from the five major domains contributing to this, such as urbanisation, gender and socioeconomic status. Data on care provision were generally sparse. Although various measures and policies exist in individual countries to help combat hypertension, challenges have also been identified: some are systemic, while others appear more granular and culturally influenced. Collaboration between stakeholders between countries is crucial to effectively tackle these issues.

Socio-Demographic and Economic factors associated with hypertension among Men in India

Background: The leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, Hypertension, is becoming more prevalent worldwide and is especially prevalent in low- and middle-income nations (LMICs) like India. Objective: This study aims to examine the change in the prevalence of Hypertension and to develop a statistical model for risk factors of Hypertension among Men in India. Materials and Methods: This study used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS 4 and 5) samples of men aged 15-54 years whose blood pressure (BP) was measured during the survey. Results: The study shows that the prevalence of Hypertension among men was 16.3% to 21.5% from NFHS-4 to 5 and we also found an increase in the prevalence of Hypertension and association across selected socio-demographic and economic variables for Hypertension. It was found in both NFHS 4 and 5 Hypertension were higher in the 45-54 age group compared to younger age group. Men who consume alcohol had higher odds (OR: 1.32, C.I: 1.27-1.37 and OR: 1.42, C.I: 1.37-1.48) of getting hypertension than those who do not consume alcohol and Education, Employment, marital status, and residence were showing significantly associated and higher odds with hypertension among Men. The accuracy of the logistic regression model has been calibrated to reach 71.1%, with sensitivity and specificity exceeding 70%. Users of the model have access to the modified probabilities. Conclusion: The findings suggest the effect of socioeconomic and habit factors on hypertension which will help in improved interaction with medical services for the treatment of hypertension.

Hypertension in Sri Lanka: a systematic review of prevalence, control, care delivery and challenges.

Hypertension (HTN) is recognized as a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular deaths in South Asia. Our aim was to furnish a comprehensive analysis of HTN prevalence, trends, control efforts, awareness, barriers in care delivery and associated factors, based on nationally derived evidence in Sri Lanka. A systematic search of online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus), local journals and repositories yielded 6704 results, of which 106 were included. Prevalence of HTN steadily increased from 23.7% (2005-2005) to 34.8% (2021). Associated factors identified were hyperhomocysteinaemia [odds ratio (OR) 2.80], overweight/obesity (OR 2.02), perceived job stress (OR 2.20-3.02), physical inactivity (OR 2.08-2.80), salt intake more than 5 g/day (OR 2.50), smoking (OR 2.31) and waist-to-height ratio more than 0.5 (OR 2.23). Cohort studies revealed poor blood pressure control and treatment adherence among patients. Pharmacological (n = 4) and nonpharmacological (n = 6) interventional studies were few. Studies on knowledge, attitudes and practices demonstrated a lack of public awareness. Despite the high prevalence of HTN in Sri Lanka, many cases remain undiagnosed, underscoring importance of targeted screening programmes and culture-specific public health education programmes.

Peningkatan Status Kesehatan Masyarakat melalui Penyuluhan Dampak Negatif Merokok dan Kaitannya dengan Hipertensi pada penduduk di Desa Amiria Bahagia Kecamatan Simeulue Timur, Kabupaten Simeulu

Cigarette smoke is one of the causes of air pollution which can have adverse health effects. The number of smokers in Indonesia has increased in the last 10 years, thus the high prevalence of smoking harms people's health. One of the significant impacts on the human body is on the cardiovascular system, i.e, increasing blood pressure. Data from the East Simeulue Health Service 2023 recorded that the number of people experiencing hypertension reached 1,344 people. The high prevalence of hypertension in the East Simeulue sub-district is in line with the high prevalence of people who smoke in this area. Therefore, this community service activity aims to increase the understanding and knowledge of the inhabitants of Amiria Bahagia Village, East Simeulue District regarding the impact of smoking on health and incidences of hypertension. This activity was divided into two sessions: a health socialization and a blood pressure examination. The result from the health examinations found that for hypertension 31 (34,10%) respondents and non-hypertension 60 (65,90%) respondents out of the total 91 respondents. Of the smoking status, there are 52 (57,10%) respondents were smokers and 39 (42,90%) respondents were non-smokers. It is hoped that the results of this activity will increase public knowledge regarding the negative effects of smoking and risk factors for hypertension in the population of East Simeulue sub-district. The knowledge conveyed can contribute to improve the quality of public health and reduce the incidences of hypertension in the community.

A Study Of the effect of Sex on drug dosing, concentrations, and pharmacogenomics in the Montreal Heart Institute Hospital Cohort (SOS-PGx): methodology and research progress.

Women are underrepresented in drug development trials and there is no sex-tailored drug regimen for most medications. It has been repeatedly shown that women have more adverse drug reactions than men for several medications. These differences could be explained by higher dose-adjusted drug concentrations in women. Thus, we aim to identify sex-related differences and to characterize the clinical and genetic predictors of these differences in drug concentrations, dosing, and adherence for 47 commonly used drugs in a large cohort. The objective of this article is to present an overview of the methods and characteristics of the study population. We performed a cross-sectional study that included 10,082 men and women of European ancestry aged ≥ 18years from the Montreal Heart Institute Hospital Cohort taking at least one of the 47 medications regularly. Of the 10,082 participants included, 36% were women. Women had lower weight, height, waist girth, and body mass index than men, but they had higher hip girth (all p < 0.001). Men had a higher level of education and annual income and were more likely to be employed full-time compared to women. Furthermore, men had a higher prevalence of hypertension, type2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, andmyocardial infarction (all p < 0.001) and were more likely receiving lipid-lowering agents, beta-blockers, antidiabetic drugs, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Conversely, proton pump inhibitors were more prevalent in women. Interestingly, nearly half of the women had a history of drug allergy or intolerance, compared with less than one-third of the men (p < 0.001). This study has a high potential in understanding eventual sex differences in drug dosing requirements and will most likely provide useful information to personalize drug regimens in women.

Hypertension and its Associated Factors in a Middle-Aged Population

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing these complications. However, many people lack awareness regarding their blood pressure. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in rural communities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 525 middle-aged (35-60 years) residents of the Rupa Rural Municipality, Nepal, from August to December 2020. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the factors associated with hypertension at a 5% level of significance.Results: More than half (50.9%) of the respondents had normal to elevated systolic pressure, while only one-third (33.9%) had normal to elevated diastolic pressure. Only 47.4% of the hypertensive participants were aware of their hypertensive condition. Being a male (aOR: 1.903; 95% CI: 1.184-3.030), in middle age of 45-55 years (aOR: 2.002; 95% CI: 1.152-3.478), having basic education (aOR: 2.014; 95% CI:1.174-3.455), currently consuming alcohol (aOR: 1.923; 95% CI: 1.095-3.375), and being overweight/ obese (aOR: 1.899; 95% CI: 1.262-2.859) were identified as significant factors associated with hypertension.Conclusions: The studys findings emphasize the urgency of interventions to improve awareness of hypertension and its management to improve health outcomes. Targeted interventions will have an opportunity to reduce the burden of hypertension which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among the middle-aged population.Keywords: cardiovascular disease; hypertension; Nepal; prevalence; risk factors.

Gripping insights: prevalence of hypertension and its association with relative muscle strength—a cross-sectional study in an adult Indian population

BackgroundHypertension and muscle strength are known to be associated; however, identifying simple clinical indicators of this relationship is challenging. Relative muscle strength (RMS), defined as strength per unit muscle mass, has been proposed as a potential indicator, but its association with hypertension is unclear. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and determine its association with RMS in an adult Indian population attending a tertiary care center in Gujarat.MethodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study included 430 adults aged 18 years and older who were admitted to outpatient medicine clinics between January and October 2023. Grip strength and appendicular lean muscle mass (ALM), estimated using a validated formula, were measured. The RMS was calculated as grip strength/ALM. Hypertension was defined using standard criteria. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between RMS (analyzed continuously and categorically in tertiles) and hypertension, adjusting for confounders. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 187 (43%) and 96 (23%), respectively. Compared to participants in the low RMS tertile (0.00–2.45 kg/kg ALM), those in the high tertile (3.79–6.12 kg/kg ALM) had 26% lower odds of hypertension (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.89) and 33% lower odds of prehypertension (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49–0.91) after adjusting for confounders. The RMS also showed strong negative correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = − 0.559 and − 0.418, respectively; p < 0.001).ConclusionIncreased RMS was significantly protective against prehypertension and hypertension. These findings highlight the potential importance of muscle quality, beyond muscle mass, in blood pressure regulation.

Screening for diabetes and hypertension in adult dental patients: the experience in a Nigerian dental center

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine the presentation of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in dental patients.MethodsDental patients were screened for hypertension and elevated blood sugar using a sphygmomanometer and a glucometer, respectively.ResultsA total of 102 men and 129 women participated in the study. In total, 69 (29.9%) and 20 (8.7%) participants reported a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Adherence to taking hypertensive and diabetic medications as advised by a clinician was reported by 68.0% and 85.0% of patients with known hypertension and diabetes, respectively, of whom 29.8% had uncontrolled hypertension and 29.4% had high blood sugar in the diabetic range (&amp;gt;200 mg/dl). In patients with no history of these diseases, 42 (25.9%) had elevated blood pressure, while 5 (2.4%) had high blood sugar in the diabetic range. The prevalence of hypertension was 37.3% and high blood sugar in the diabetic range was 5.2% in the sample. Individuals with diabetes were 31 times more likely to have hypertension than those without diabetes (odds ratio = 31.06, 95% confidence interval 5.68–169.98, p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionScreening was helpful in the detection of undiagnosed cases and suboptimal control of both diseases in patients. Recommendations for dental practice guidelines include routine screening with mandatory screening for hypertension in patients with diabetes.

Experiences of older adult Filipino-Americans surrounding eye surgery and factors in health decision-making: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe greater San Francisco metropolitan bay area is home to 270,000 Filipino immigrants and the second largest Filipino-American population in the United States. Despite this, Filipino-Americans are aggregated with the general “Asian-American” category, making it a challenge to obtain accurate population health data on social determinants of health. One area that is concerning is the lack of research on Filipino-American eye health experiences. The Filipino-American population is an older community with a median age of 48 years old that experiences a high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. Preserving sight in high risk patients against age-related eye disease depends on routine eye examinations and timely treatment. Therefore, it is important to explore older adult Filipino-American eye surgery experiences and factors in eye health decision-making.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted with thirteen Filipino-American adults residing in the nine San Francisco Bay Area counties who had a history of eye surgery (cataract, glaucoma, or retinal). Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis was performed informed by critical race theory and PEN3 cultural model. Standard methods of coding followed by determination of themes were conducted and consensus was reached among the three coders.ResultsThe mean participant age was 73.3 years old (95% CI 69.7–76.9). All participants were born in the Philippines, and 85% identified as female. Four themes emerged: the value of social networks and self-efficacy in decision-making; the importance of informed communication; the integral role of trust and the physician–patient relationship; and the impact of cultural humility, beliefs, and concordance on ocular care. Communication with trusted peers, clinicians and clinical staff prior to surgery was a key factor in alleviating worries and misconceptions, yet interpreter services were inconsistently offered. Many saw clinicians as experts, which dampened their agency in asking questions or elicited shame in obtaining a professional second opinion.ConclusionsHow clinicians convey information is crucial. Filipino-Americans patients can interpret eye surgery expectations through a cultural lens, which may result in lasting impressions about the surgical experience and outcomes. Expanding cultural humility training and improved incorporating interpreter services can help patients feel supported.

STROKE PREVENTION ALTERNATIVE: APPLICATION-BASED STROKE PATH EDUCATION FOR HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

In many regions of the world, hypertension is becoming more common. There are 74.5 million American adults older than 20 who have hypertension, although 90% of these instances have no identified etiology. The signs and symptoms of hypertension can differ from person to person and resemble those of other conditions. It is a silent killer. As a result of the high prevalence of hypertension in primary healthcare and the fact that up to 34.1% of Indonesians under the age of 18 suffer from the condition, there are an estimated 63,209,620 instances of hypertension in the country. In the meantime, there have been 427,218 cases of hypertension-related deaths in Indonesia. If left untreated, hypertension. If hypertension is not treated appropriately, it can damage blood vessels all throughout the body yet the risk of damage to the kidneys, heart, brain, and eyes is the most obvious. With the use of both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological therapy, these dangers can be avoided and reduced. Knowing how to recognize a stroke clearly can help someone who has hypertension reduce their risk of having one. This research goal is to evaluate the effects of stroke preventive education's "Stroke Path" application-based approach on hypertension patients' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. A control group and a pre-posttest quasi-experimental design are used in this investigation. The sample size was established by using the test statistic of the mean-variance variance of the two unique teams, and simple random sampling was applied as the sampling method. For the purposes of processing and analyzing statistical data, paired and independent t-tests were used in this study. Outcomes of the application-based stroke path education intervention in terms of knowledge, attitude, and behavior (p=0.000, respectively). In conclusion, application-based stroke prevention education is effective at enhancing patients' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior..

Coronary vasomotor response incidence to intracoronary acetylcholine provocation test according to the severity of insignificant coronary artery stenosis in Korean population.

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a cause of variant angina. However, the understanding of CAS patterns in the presence of mild-to-moderate coronary artery stenosis is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and patterns of CAS in patients with insignificant coronary artery stenosis using intracoronary acetylcholine (ACH) provocation test. In this study, 6513 patients without significant coronary artery stenosis who underwent intracoronary ACH provocation test were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups, based on the severity of coronary artery stenosis: the non group (stenosis <30%, n = 2833), the mild group (30-49%, n = 3278) and the moderate group (50-69%, n = 402). Vasomotor responses were observed among three different groups. The baseline characteristics of the patients in the mild and moderate groups were worse than in the non group. They were older, had higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking habit. During the ACH test, CAS was observed in 58.1% of the overall population. The mild group (60.1%) and the moderate group (60.9%) showed a higher incidence than the non group (55.3%, P < 0.001). In addition, among cases of CAS, the mild group (3.2%) and the moderate group (8.5%) responded more at a lowest dose of ACH than the non group (3.1%, P < 0.001). In patients with chest pain without significant coronary artery stenosis, CAS was observed in over half of the cases. Furthermore, CAS was found to be more frequent and more susceptible in patients with mild-to-moderate coronary artery stenosis compared with those without fixed stenosis.

Cardiovascular disease in waitlisted hemodialyzed patients

Background Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major limitations in the evaluation of potential kidney transplantation. The study aimed to assess cardiovascular status, including cardiovascular risk factors in waitlisted hemodialyzed patients. Material and methods From the population of 5,068 hemodialyzed patients (60% men), we included 449 waitlisted and 4,619 not considered for potential kidney transplantation. We assessed demographic data, basal biochemical data, and cardiovascular disease prevalence. Results Waitlisted patients (262 males) were significantly younger when compared to non-listed patients (2,718 males); 53.2 ± 14.2 vs. 67.2 ± 3.3 years (p < 0.001), had lower Charlson comorbidity score (3.33 ± 1.52 vs. 4.42 ± 1.93, p < 0.001), lower BMI (26.3±.5.07 vs. 27.7 ± 6.15 kg/m2, p < 0.001), with lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease (46.5% vs. 66.8%, p < 0.001), diabetes (20.5% vs. 37,8%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of hypertension was similar in both groups (94.7% vs. 92.7%, NS). Blood pressure was significantly higher in waitlisted patients relative to non-waitlisted (143 ± 16 mmHg vs. 140 ± 17 mm Hg, p < 0.001 for systolic blood pressure and 80 ± 9 mmHg vs. 75 ± 9 mmHg, p < 0.001 for diastolic blood pressure). Ultrafiltration was also higher in waitlisted population over non-waitlisted (31.3 ± 12.7 mL/kg per HD session vs. 28.4 ± 12.6 mL/kg per HD session, p < 0.001). Mean dialysis vintage, the mean number of hypotensive medications (mean 2.5), the prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension, and eKt/V were similar, as well as sex distribution. Conclusion Waitlisted patients are a much healthier population, with fewer comorbidities but blood pressure control not meeting target ranges for the present guidelines. The low number of hypotensive medications should be reassessed and the treatment of hypertension may require further attention.

Health care concerns in women at midlife: differences by race, ethnicity, and neighborhood socioeconomic status.

The aims of the study were to identify conditions diagnosed in at least 10% of midlife women living in the US upper midwest and to assess prevalence by age, race, ethnicity, and sociodemographic status. The Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to conduct a cross-sectional prevalence study of 86,946 women between 40 and 59 years residing in a 27-county region of the United States on January 1, 2020. Diagnostic billing codes were extracted and grouped into broader condition categories using the Clinical Classification System Refined. The prevalence of 424 conditions was calculated by age, race, ethnicity, and area deprivation index quartiles. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between participant characteristics and conditions that affected 10% or more of the study population. Twenty-eight conditions affected ≥10% of women, and eight conditions increased by ≥45% between the ages of 40 and 59 (disorders of lipid metabolism, hypertension, sleep/wake disorders, thyroid disorders, esophageal disorders, osteoarthritis, tendon and synovial disorders, and menopausal disorders; all test for trend P < 0.01). Black women had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and esophageal disorders at all ages (adjusted P values <0.05). Women living in more deprived areas had a significantly higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, sleep/wake disorders, and esophageal disorders (adjusted P values <0.05). Women living in less deprived areas had a significantly higher prevalence of thyroid disorders at age 40 to 44 and menopausal disorders at ages 50 to 59 (adjusted P values <0.05). These data suggest that additional attention should focus on Black women and women with a lower socioeconomic status to ensure that common midlife conditions are diagnosed and treated.

Prevalence of Emotional and Binge Eating Among Patients With Obesity Attending a Specialist Weight Management Service for Bariatric Surgery in the United Kingdom.

Emotional eating (EE) is a tendency to consume food in response to positive or negative emotions, leading to obesity and an increased Body Mass Index (BMI). Evidence supports the positive association between EE and binge eating disorder (BED), but little is known about its prevalence among patients referred for bariatric surgery and the psychological characteristics of this patient population. We aim to examine (i) the prevalence of binge eating and EE, (ii) its association with the prevalence of anxiety, depression, diabetes and hypertension and (iii) the correlation between anxiety and depression with emotional and binge eating behaviours among patients attending a regional bariatric service in the UK. A cross-sectional case file design involving 285 participants (mean age = 43.88 ± 11.5, female (80.7%) and male (19.3%)) was used. Outcome measures included body weight, BMI, the Weight Loss Readiness (WLR) Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test- Consumption (AUDIT-C). Within this patient group, the prevalence of binge eating and EE were 28.8% and 22.1% respectively. Among these, 19.3% had diabetes mellitus, 24.8% hypertension, 21% harmful alcohol use, 65% had high anxiety score and 77% high depression scores. Most correlations between body weight and variables like AUDIT-C, GAD-7, PHQ-9 scores and WLR scores for hunger, binge eating and EE were not significant. A positive association was observed between depression and anxiety with binge eating, and EE behaviours. Patients awaiting bariatric surgery have a wide range of mental and physical health comorbidities, with evidence of positive associations between higher depression and anxiety levels with abnormal eating behaviours. These findings highlight the need for screening for comorbidities in this patient population to optimise patient outcomes postbariatric surgery.

Personalized assessment of the risk of hypertension when exposed to noise and vibration

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the medical and social significance of the problem of prevention of cardiovascular diseases in workers in harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions. The aim is to develop an algorithm for a personalized assessment of the risk of arterial hypertension (AH) when exposed to noise and vibration. Materials and methods. Two groups were examined: group 1 (four hundred twenty people) consisted of workers of processing plants exposed to noise; group 2 (355 people) – underground miners exposed to combined noise and vibrations. To identify risk factors for hypertension, subgroups are allocated in each group, depending on the presence of hypertension – the “AH+” subgroup and the “AH–” subgroup. Occupational and non-occupational risk factors of hypertension were assessed. For each of the risk factors of hypertension, for which a significant difference was established in the compared subgroups, the prognostic coefficient was calculated using the Wald method of sequential mathematical analysis. Results. A high prevalence of hypertension was found in workers exposed to noise (43%) and combined effects of noise and vibration (47%) with an average degree of occupational conditioning (RR=1.5–1.57, EF=33.0–34.0%). Prognostically significant risk factors for hypertension were identified: the age of an employee over 50 years, work experience under the influence of noise and vibration for more than 20 years, a smoking index of more than 20, a high level of personal anxiety, a violation of carbohydrate metabolism, a state of maladaptation (index of functional changes IFC&gt;3.1), an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system with a predominance of sympathicotonia (LF/HF&gt;1.5). Based on the results obtained, a personalized algorithm for assessing the total risk of hypertension has been developed. Limitations. The data obtained was specific to workers exposed to noise and vibration, the methodological approach of this study can be used to assess the risk of hypertension in workers in other occupational groups. Conclusion. The application of the algorithm will make it possible to identify workers predisposed to hypertension at the early stages of the disease, form groups of dispensary supervision, and carry out preventive measures to prevent the progression of hypertension.

The effects of exposure to the Great Chinese Famine during the fetal stage and childhood on prevalence of hypertension in adulthood

IntroductionMany studies have found that famine exposure in early life was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension, but the results remain controversial. The aim was to examine the association of early life exposure to famine with hypertension in adulthood.Material and methodsThe cross-sectional study enrolled about 100,000 adults from Guangdong province, China, who were born between 1 October 1952 and 30 September 1964. Participants were classified as non-exposed, fetal exposed, early-childhood exposed, mid-childhood exposed, and late-childhood exposed group according to birth data. Multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between famine exposure and hypertension.ResultsAmong the 28,804 participants, the prevalence of hypertension in non-exposed, fetal, early-childhood, mid-childhood, and late-childhood exposed groups were 2686 (41.2%), 1777 (44.5%), 2998 (49.0%), 3196 (51.1%), 3192 (53.9%), respectively. Compared with the non-exposed group, the fully adjusted ORs of subjects exposed to the famine in the fetal, early-childhood, mid-childhood and late-childhood exposed groups were 1.10 (95% CI: 0.97–1.24, p = 0.143), 1.23 (95% CI: 1.10–1.37, p &lt; 0.001), 1.39 (95% CI: 1.24–1.55, p &lt; 0.001), and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.38–1.73, p &lt; 0.001), respectively (p for trend &lt; 0.001), and for the age-balanced group it was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.13–1.59, p &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the effect of famine on hypertension was more pronounced in women and in the rural and overweight population.ConclusionsExposure to famine at any stage in childhood, but not in the fetal stage, was significantly associated with higher prevalence of hypertension in adults, especially in women and in the rural and overweight population.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Latino Migrant Seasonal Farmworkers: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Existing literature concludes that Latino migrant seasonal farmworkers endure higher rates of health disparities and chronic diseases than the general population. However, research on this population's cardiovascular disease risk factors is scarce, particularly studies comparing males and females. Methods: A meta-analysis of prevalence was utilized to examine whether male or female Latino migrant seasonal farmworkers have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. An extensive literature search yielded over 82,000 potentially pertinent articles, of which 17 were relevant and included in the analysis. Results: The prevalence rates of high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and overweight/obesity for female Latino migrant seasonal farmworkers were 1%-54% (95% CI: 0.04-0.15), 2%-57% (95% CI: 0.08-0.21), 3%-54% (95% CI: 0.10-0.22), and 1%-100% (95% CI: 0.26-0.84), respectively, and 5%-42% (95% CI: 0.12-0.23), 1%-63% (95% CI: 0.07-0.21), 4%-68% (95% CI: 0.15-0.31), and 1%-99% (95% CI: 0.29-0.81), respectively, for males. Conclusion: Male Latino migrant seasonal farmworkers have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension versus females, and females have higher rates of high cholesterol versus males. However, there is a 1% prevalence difference of overweight/obesity between female and male Latino migrant seasonal farmworkers.

Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and evaluate its association with cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Gujarat, India.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 432 adults with T2DM attending a Non-Communicable Disease clinic. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance, and clinical parameters were assessed. NWO was defined as normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m²) with high body fat percentage (≥ 25% for men, ≥ 32% for women). Cardiometabolic risk factors, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile, were evaluated. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of NWO was 33% among the study population. Significant discordance was observed between BMI classification and body fat percentage, with 91% of males and 51.8% of females with normal BMI having obese levels of body fat. Individuals with NWO demonstrated higher cardiometabolic risk profiles compared to non-obese counterparts, including elevated random blood glucose levels (290 ± 110 mg/dL vs. 180 ± 80 mg/dL, p < 0.001), higher systolic (148.8 ± 25.4 mmHg vs. 122.5 ± 19.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (98.5 ± 55.6 mmHg vs. 78.6 ± 36.6 mmHg, p < 0.001), and increased prevalence of hypertension (61% vs. 15%, p < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found between body fat percentage and random blood sugar levels (r = 0.504, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age, duration of diabetes, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure as independent factors associated with NWO.ConclusionThe high prevalence of NWO and its significant association with adverse cardiometabolic risk factors in T2DM patients underscores the limitations of using BMI alone for obesity assessment. These findings highlight the need for incorporating body composition analysis in routine clinical practice to improve risk stratification and management strategies in T2DM patients, particularly in the Asian Indian population.

Food Security, Nutritional Status and Prevalence of Hypertension Among Industrial Migrant Workers in Chennai

Objectives: This study assesses the lifestyle of industrial migrant workers in Chennai, focusing on associations between the food security of migrant workers and hypertension, category of work, their native state, and body mass index. Methods: An in-depth analysis of their eating patterns was conducted by using a three-day dietary record and a regional food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were acquired, which together with their dietary data assessed their nutritional status. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale was used to evaluate the migrant workers' level of food security, while a digital blood pressure monitor was used to measure the participants' blood pressure. The chi-square test was analyzed to measure the significance of the difference in outcome variables between groups. Findings: 41.24% of migrants do not face food security. However, their food diversity has significantly decreased. The BP is high among migrant workers (136.66±19.36/98.54±13.37mmHg) compared to Indian adults, with 84.54% being hypertensive. The results show that the food security of migrant workers was not significantly correlated with hypertension (p&gt;0.345), category of work (p&gt;0.085), their native state (p&gt;0.315), and BMI (p&gt;0.963). This suggests that dietary acculturation plays a major role and could potentially result in the rise in comorbidities. Novelty: Migrant workers, categorized as vulnerable groups, lack necessary attention. This study provides valuable insight into the lifestyle of migrant workers living in Chennai by utilizing multiple methods. The need for quality and adequate food to enhance the nutritional status is emphasized. For this, it's important to identify migrant workers with comorbidities, educate them, and provide aid to alleviate their situation. Keywords: Food security, Food Insecurity Experience Scale, Migrant workers, Nutritional status, Hypertension, Malnutrition

Age and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Focus on Arterial Hypertension and Obesity

Elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg are common risk factors for cardiovascular complications. The prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increases with age. The combination of AH and obesity in young people poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Currently, there are approximately 1.5 billion people with AH worldwide, with symptomatic AH accounting for about 20-30% of cases. In young patients, AH often begins with latent kidney pathology, which can lead to the development of nephroangiosclerosis. In older age groups, AH complicated by kidney pathology becomes resistant to treatment, is accompanied by frequent nocturnal BP surges, and can result in acute left ventricular heart failure. A body mass index over 30.0 kg/m² is a risk factor for NCDs and worsens prognosis. More than 1 billion people worldwide suffer from obesity, and the combination of AH and obesity significantly increases the risk of death from NCDs and raises diagnostic and treatment costs. This article examines the clinical and social aspects of AH and obesity in young individuals. Clinical examples of young men with AH, obesity, and erectile dysfunction are presented. For young patients with AH and obesity, implementing an electronic health passport is recommended to reduce complication risks and improve the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures, thereby enhancing patients' quality of life.