Pressure-State-Response Research Articles

Spatiotemporal analysis of ecological vulnerability and management in the Tarim River Basin, China

The Tarim River Basin (TRB) is an extremely arid area in China, suffering from dry climate and intense human activities, which have brought about significant changes in ecological processes and then, led to serious ecological vulnerability (EV). This study proposes an assessment framework to evaluate EV and analyze its dynamic change in the TRB during 2005–2015. An integrated method is developed with the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework, which highlights impacts of nature and anthropogenic interference on the ecology. Specific management strategies are put forward based on the spatial recognition of ecologically vulnerable areas in the TRB. The EV is divided into four vulnerability levels including Light I, Medium II, Heavy III and Very heavy IV. Results show that the average EV is at Heavy III vulnerability level in the TRB in the last 2005–2015, and there has been an increasing trend in EV, which even has come up to the Very heavy IV vulnerability level in the year 2013–2015. As a whole, the EV displays a high-to-low gradient from east to west during the study period. Heavy III and Very heavy IV vulnerability levels, distributed in the East, mainly in the mainstream areas with characterization of frequent human interferences, tend to increase persistently. In contrast, Light I vulnerability level, mainly in the west source areas, shows a significant decline after 2010. Based on the results, some suggestions targeted at different vulnerable areas were proposed to help restore ecological environments by integrating legal managements with public efforts. The proposed methodology, reflecting the nature and human interaction on the EV is of practical use for the ecological restorations in the TRB.

Watershed Sustainability Index for Langat UNESCO HELP River Basin, Malaysia

The study on Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) has been conducted to analyst the environmental condition in the area incorporating ecological baseline and socio-economic conditions. WSI is an integrated indicator based on basin Hydrology, Environment, Life and Policy (HELP) state condition. It is suitable to be applied in the Langat River Basin in Malaysia which has similar catchment area (up to 2,350 km2) and is one of the UNESCO HELP River Basin since 2004. The WSI analysis which uses a pressure–state–response function based on basin HELP Indicator was done for Langat River Basin by using relevant available 5 years data for the period of 2009 to 2013. It is found that Langat River Basin is having WSI value of 0.68 which falls under the category of medium sustainability (between 0.5-0.8). Based on the maximum value (i.e. 1) or high sustainability (i.e. WSI value more than 0.8) it can be said that Langat is in the good side in term of sustainability. Few management aspects need to be improved and maintained well to be more sustainable. The assessment provides Langat River Basin with more information that is crucial in managing the basin through the adoption of UNESCO’s HELP Framework.

The evolution of landscape ecological security in Beijing under the influence of different policies in recent decades

Urbanization is an important force driving the development of the social, economic, and ecological environments in urban China. As the capital of China, Beijing has experienced a shift in the development process from emphasizing economic development to emphasizing ecological livability in recent decades. During this period, the Olympic Games, real estate development, and environmentally friendly construction policies were major events that affected Beijing's urban ecosystem and its safety. Based on the Pressure–State–Response (P-S-R) framework model, this paper establishes an indicator system for assessing the ecological security of Beijing from 1995 to 2015. The indicators were generated through coupling of an ecological model with time-series multi-source remote sensing data such as night light images and Landsat ETM images. We assessed ecological security during different policy periods and developed an ecological security early warning system for Beijing. After the effects of the economic development policy and the bid for the Olympic Games from 1995 to 2005, the urban area of Beijing with falling ecological security continues to expand. From 2005 to 2010, due to the joint effect of 2008 Olympic venue construction, urban environmental remediation policies, and real estate policies, the overall safety level in the central city was better, but the suburbs showed the opposite trend. In 2010–2015, real estate developed explosively in Beijing, while environmentally friendly development became strongly emphasized and the economic status of the capital weakened. The ecological security of the main urban area began to improve significantly, but the outer urban area and suburban areas were greatly affected by real estate development and exhibited a clear decline in ecological security.

Irrigation Salinity Risk Assessment and Mapping in Arid Oasis, Northwest China

Irrigation salinity is a common environmental threat for sustainable development in the Keriya Oasis, arid Northwest China. It is mainly caused by unreasonable land management and excessive irrigation. The aim of this study was to assess and map the salinity risk distribution by developing a composite risk index (CRI) for seventeen risk parameters from traditional and scientific fields, based on maximizing deviation method and analytic hierarchy process, the grey relational analysis and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) sustainability framework. The results demonstrated that the northern part of the Shewol and Yeghebagh village has a very high salinity risk, which might be caused by flat and low terrain, high subsoil total soluble salt, high groundwater salinity and shallow groundwater depth. In contrast, the southern part of the Oasis has a low risk of salinity because of high elevation, proper drainage conditions and a suitable groundwater table. This achievement has shown that southern parts of the Oasis are suitable for irrigation agriculture; for the northern area, there is no economically feasible solution but other areas at higher risk can be restored by artificial measures. Therefore, this study provides policy makers with baseline data for restoring the soil salinity within the Oasis.

Indicadores del impacto del cambio climático en la agricultura familiar andina colombiana

Los modelos de evaluación de los impactos del cambio climático utilizados en la agricultura colombiana se han enfocado en cultivos tecnificados, sembrados en grandes superficies, obviando que el 67% de la producción nacional de alimentos provienen de pequeñas extensiones de policultivos cultivados, en su mayor parte, en suelos de ladera de la cordillera andina, por 3,5 millones de agricultores y que aportan el 57% del empleo rural. El presente artículo se deriva de un análisis de la metodología empleada por los autores en el proyecto de investigación denominado “Impactos económicos, ambientales y sociales del cambio climático en el sector agropecuario del Municipio Bochalema, Departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia, financiado por la Universidad de Santander (UDES) y que abarca el período comprendido entre enero de 2017 y mayo de 2018. Después de analizar diferentes modelos de evaluación de impactos ambientales se seleccionó el modelo de Presión, Estado, Respuesta (PER) de la OCDE, previa adaptación a las características específicas de pequeñas unidades de producción agrícola de subsistencia. Se evidenció la multidimensionalidad y complejidad de los factores relacionados con el clima, la producción, los recursos, las tecnologías, las familias y las políticas públicas, que obligan a la construcción de indicadores contextualizados a la agricultura familiar andina.

A Mamdani fuzzy inference approach for assessing ecological security in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, China

In this study, a Mamdani fuzzy inference approach (MFIA) is developed for assessing ecological security of urban agglomeration. MFIA integrates pressure-state-response (PSR) model into a fuzzy logic framework, which can (1) effectively reflect the interrelationship between natural ecosystem and socio-economic systems under complex condition, and (2) capture the knowledge-based experts’ judgments and tackle the imprecise and/or vague information in the urban agglomeration ecosystem. MFIA is then applied to assessing ecological security of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration. Among all cities, Zhaoqing owns the highest ecological security level due to its low population pressure and rich resources (e.g., forest and arable land). The ecological security level of Foshan is the lowest due to its high population pressure, limited resources, and low response level. In order to facilitate sustainable development of the urban agglomeration, various strategies for improving ecological security level should be implemented. Foshan should both control population growth and adjust industrial structure; Shenzhen and Dongguan should promote their ecological security levels through increasing forest and green areas and controlling population; for three cities of Zhaoqing, Huizhou and Jiangmen, it is essential to enhance their infrastructures for mitigating pollutant discharges and reducing the environmental pressures. The findings could help identify ecological condition of the urban agglomeration and provide useful information for supporting regional ecological planning and management.

Water security evaluation based on the TODIM method with probabilistic linguistic term sets

Nowadays, water security is becoming increasingly prominent and the water security problem becomes a primary bottleneck restricting China’s future sustainable development. Water security in China is thus worth conducting an in-depth study. This paper aims to explore an effective water security evaluation method. Based on the proposed definition of water security, an evaluation index system of water security is first built from the perspective of “pressure–state–response” conceptual model. Considering the indicators’ uncertainty and the decision makers’ (DMs’) limited knowledge, the DMs usually use linguistic terms to express their judgements. As a new type of linguistic variable, probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS) not only allows the DMs to express their judgements with multiple linguistic terms but also can reflect the DMs’ different preference degrees over these possible linguistic terms. For the water security issue under probabilistic linguistic environment, a programming model is developed to derive the attribute weights. Then, the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive multi-criteria decision making) method, which considers the psychological factors of the DMs, is used to evaluate water security based on the PLTS. Furthermore, a case study is conducted and some discussions and comparative analysis are carried out according to the case results.

Landscape Pattern and Ecological Security Assessment and Prediction Using Remote Sensing Approach

In this work, we present a processing chain for landscape pattern and ecological security status assessment and prediction based on cellular automata Markov (CA-Markov) and pressure status response pattern (PSRP) models using remotely sensed data (RSD) captured in 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016, and RSD simulated in 2026 over Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China. Three major findings can be withdrawn through the experiments. First, there is a significant changing of landscape type area, especially for building land. The area of building land is up to more than 5%, from 1986 to 2016. Secondly, the heterogeneity of landscape is increasing, and the diversity of landscape is becoming more and more diversifying and complex. Third, the changing trend of ecological security of Zhengzhou city shaped as decreasing and increasing gradually during the last 40 years. While the ecological security status, nowadays, appeared to a good trend by contrast of the previous stages. The predicted results with CA-Markov model show that the level of ecological security is still in moderate and has a trend of moving toward to the center in 2026.

Coupling fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making with analytic hierarchy process to evaluate urban ecological security: A case study of Guangzhou, China

Urban ecosystem is plagued with complexities and uncertainties due to the interconnections among multiple subsystems, as well as human and environment interventions. In this study, a hybrid AHP-FMADM method through coupling fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making (FMADM) with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is developed to evaluate urban ecological security (UES). AHP-FMADM has advantages in (i) reflecting interactive relationships among multiple attributes in UES, (ii) dealing with uncertainties expressed as imprecise linguistic terms and judgments, and (iii) achieving the ranking of alternatives based on pairwise comparison. Then, AHP-FMADM is applied to assessing the ecological security of Guangzhou from 2005 to 2015, where an urban ecological security evaluation indicator system is constructed based on the pressure–state–response conceptual model. A number of scenarios with different weight assignment modes are examined. Results indicate that the overall ecological security of the study city is gradually improved. Urban environment indicators contributes more to the ecological security level than social and economic indicators. However, although ecological security state and response level increase significantly, the ecological pressure has increased since 2012, which may result in a decline of ecological security. Compared to the traditional fuzzy synthetic analysis (FSA) approach with weighted sum operator, AHP-FMADM cannot only reduce the effect of the attributes with low importance and increase that with high importance, but also help decision makers determine alternative adaptation options and management schemes based on their preferences. These findings reveal that indicators with high importance degree need to be efficiently adjusted for decision makers to maintain ecological security, such as increase water reuse ratio and control the rapid growth of the population.

Assessment of Regional Ecosystem Health-A Case Study of the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province, China.

Intensifying urbanization and rapid population growth in Fujian Province, China, has caused pollution of air and water resources; this has adversely impacted ecosystems and human health. China has recently begun pursuing a massive infrastructure and economic development strategy called the Belt and Road Initiative, which could potentially cause further environmental damage. Evaluations of ecosystem health are therefore a first step towards identifying the potential impacts from the development and planning sustainable development strategies in the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian. To this end, our study analyzed landscape patterns and evaluated ecosystem health in this region. We used an index system method to develop a pressure–state–response (PSR) model for assessing the region’s ecosystem health. We found that: (1) the landscape type with the greatest area in the study region is cultivated land and there were no areas that were undisturbed by human activity; (2) the overall ecological health of the region is good, but there is distinct variation across the region. This study incorporates the landscape pattern into an evaluation of ecosystem health. Using counties as evaluation units, we provide a general evaluation index for this scale. The methods reported here can be used in complex ecological environments to inform sustainable management decisions.

Indentation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten/Chromium co-Doped Bismuth Titanate Ceramics Sintered at Different Temperatures

A sort of tungsten/chromium(W/Cr) co-doped bismuth titanate (BIT) ceramics (Bi4Ti2.95W0.05O12.05 + 0.2 wt % Cr2O3, abbreviate to BTWC) are ordinarily sintered between 1050 and 1150 °C, and the indentation behavior and mechanical properties of ceramics sintered at different temperatures have been investigated by both nanoindentation and microindentation technology. Firstly, more or less Bi2Ti2O7 grains as the second phase were found in BTWC ceramics, and the grain size of ceramics increased with increase of sintering temperatures. A nanoindentation test for BTWC ceramics reveals that the testing hardness of ceramics decreased with increase of sintering temperatures, which could be explained by the Hall–Petch equation, and the true hardness could be calculated according to the pressure-state-response (PSR) model considering the indentation size effect, where the value of hardness depends on the magnitude of load. While, under the application of microsized Vickers, the sample sintered at a lower temperature (1050 °C) gained four linearly propagating cracks, however, they were observed to shorten in the sample sintered at a higher temperature (1125 °C). Moreover, both the crack deflection and the crack branching existed in the latter. The hardness and the fracture toughness of BTWC ceramics presented a contrary variational tendency with increase of sintering temperatures. A high sintering tends to get a lower hardness and a higher fracture toughness, which could be attributed to the easier plastic deformation and the stronger crack inhibition of coarse grains, respectively, as well as the toughening effect coming from the second phase.

Ecological restoration enhances ecosystem health in the karst regions of southwest China

Within the past decades, the karst region in the Guangxi province in southwest China has been in the focus of large scale ecological restoration projects. In this study, we adapt the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework (which includes measures for human pressure, the current state of the ecosystem and the human response) and propose a remote sensing based ecosystem health (ESH) index (0–1; 250 m spatial resolution), evaluating the pressure and state of the fragile karst ecosystem. We further apply inventory data of recovery actions (restoration areas at county level resolution) as response to ongoing degradation to test the impact of ecological restoration on the ESH. Our analysis was conducted for the years 2000, 2010 and 2016, and the results showed that 73% of the study area experienced an increase in the ESH (from 2000 to 2016) which was related to the improvements in vegetation vigor, organization, resilience, ecosystem service provisioning which offset a deterioration in fragmentation and population density. From 2000 to 2016, areas of increase in ESH were slightly larger in karst than in non-karst (37.5% and 35.1%, respectively), but also larger areas of decrease in ESH were observed in karst as compared to non-karst (16% and 11%, respectively). The results further showed that the share of areas with a high ESH (greater than 0.7) had increased by ∼3% (from 67.16% to 70.21%) during the 17 years period. At county level, we found a clear relationship between increases in ESH and ecological restoration areas (r = 0.58, p = 0.004), with a high recovery rate (ratio between areas with increased ESH and restoration areas in a county) in karst than in non-karst. We conclude that restoration projects have caused a large scale transformation of farmland into forested areas (∼5500 km2), which has caused a general improvement in ecosystem parameters related to ESH.

A new remote sensing index for assessing the spatial heterogeneity in urban ecological quality: A case from Fuzhou City, China

Remote sensing is unique in its ability to record a variety of spatial and temporal data on land surfaces with complete coverage, especially at larger spatial scales, and it has been shown to be effective for rapidly recognizing spatio-temporal changes in regional eco-environments. This paper is the first to introduce a new remote sensing-based ecological index (RSEI) to assess the urban ecological quality. The RSEI integrated the primary land surface components (i.e., the build-up area and vegetation cover) and the climate (the land surface temperature and land surface moisture) based on the framework of the pressure-state-response (PSR) using a principal components analysis (PCA). In taking advantage of the same data source for all the indicators, the RSEI was shown to be scalable, visualizable and comparable at different spatio-temporal scales, and it can avoid the variation or error in weight definitions caused by individual characteristics. We used Fuzhou City in Fujian Province, south-eastern China, as a case study, it showed that Fuzhou demonstrated ecological deterioration during the study period from 2000 to 2016, with its RSEI value decreasing from 0.595 in 2000 to 0.503 in 2016. Moreover, the results of the spatial autocorrelation and semi-variance indicated that there was a spatial correlation in the distribution of the RSEI, with high clusters at the edge and low clusters in the centre of the city. The values of the sill, the nugget: sill ratio and the range all increased from 2000 to 2016, which indicated a higher spatial autocorrelation and lower spatial heterogeneity percentage in 2016 than that in 2000 in terms of the RSEI. Based on the combination with the spatial clusters and the spatiotemporal clusters, we confirmed that the RSEI is not randomly distributed. Moreover, a hole-effect semivariogram was observed, indicating a high level of human intervention in the study area. Specifically, the construction of the build-up area during the study period led to outward ecological degradation, and urban afforestation promoted environmental quality in the central urban area.

Water resource system vulnerability assessment of the Heihe River Basin based on pressure-state-response (PSR) model under the changing environment

Abstract As one of the most important inland rivers in China, the shortage of water resources and ecological deterioration of the Heihe River has increasingly attracted attention, and it is very significant to undertake the water resources sustainable utilization for its vulnerability assessment in the river basin. Using the pressure-state-response (PSR) model, a vulnerability index of the water resources system was developed and used to carry out a vulnerability assessment on the Heihe River in the current year (2010) and the comparison year (2003). The PSR of water resource vulnerability included 11 indexes, which are domestic water quota of urban residents, rural water quota of urban residents, million yuan GDP water consumption, per capita water consumption, ecological water proportion, drought index, per capita water resources, water modulus, water quality grade, water saving irrigation rate, per capita GDP, respectively. The vulnerability of water resources was evaluated by the attribute recognition model. The results show that water resources in the Heihe River Basin were in a quite vulnerable state in both 2003 and 2010 according to the values of scenario A1 (not vulnerable) and scenario B1 (severely vulnerable). It is urgent to protect and restore the water resources system in the Heihe River Basin.

PSR and DPSIR indicators for analysis of sustainability in the municipality of Cihuatlan, Jalisco, Mexico

This article aims to analyze the sustainable development of the municipality of Cihuatlan in the South Coast region of the state of Jalisco (Mexico) using Pressure-State-Response (PSR) and Driving Forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) indicators. The work was done emphasized three sectors: forestry, agriculture and tourism. The information was obtained from official documents, participation in workshops and interviews with relevant actors, the latter helped to identify environmental problems and made a subjective assessment of their status. The main problem identified was inadequate waste management, other pressures are related to ecosystem degradation and biodiversity, vulnerability to climate change and air pollution. Regarding responses, highlighted the poor application of existing laws on environmental management, as well as the low importance of protection and respect for the environment, particularly among local public officials. The originality lies in the proposal of a set of municipal indicators that must be quantified in order to know how to achieve sustainable development.

Construcción de índice con inteligencia artificial para evaluar vulnerabilidad al cambio climático en microcuencas andinas tropicales. Caso de estudio en Colombia

Este artículo construye y aplica un índice para estimar el nivel de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático (ICC) en microcuencas andinas tropicales. El ICC fue construido con una combinación de dos metodologías analíticas: indicadores presión-estado-respuesta (PER) y lógica difusa de la inteligencia artificial. Se generaron: un indicador de presión, tres de estado y dos de respuesta. A cada indicador se le asoció una función de lógica difusa. Para la operatividad del índice se generaron 234 reglas de decisión, que fueron programadas en el programa MATLAB. El índice se aplicó a la microcuenca andina tropical el Chocho ubicada en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca en Colombia. Con la aplicación del índice ICC en esta microcuenca se evidenció el alto nivel de vulnerabilidad de esta microcuenca en la zona baja, media y alta. El ICC es un apoyo para la toma de decisiones por diferentes actores de la microcuenca.

Evaluation and Prediction of Urban Entrepreneurship Environment in China: A Case of Guangzhou City

Studying the urban entrepreneurship environment has guiding significance for the development of urban economy and employment. Based on the PSR (Pressure-State-Response) model framework, this paper constructs an index system for evaluation of urban entrepreneurship environment, and uses the multi-factor weighted method to systematically quantitatively analyze and comprehensively evaluate the state of entrepreneurship policies, service systems, and hardware facilities, and use GM(1, 1) model to predict the development trend of urban entrepreneurship environment in Guangzhou. The study shows that the policy measures to optimize the entrepreneurship environment have effectiveness, time lag and accumulation effect, and the government’s response measures are the core factors for the stable development of the urban entrepreneurship environment. It is expected that the entrepreneurship environment in Guangzhou will continue to improve in the future. Finally, it is pointed out that optimizing the urban entrepreneurship environment should start from innovation, attracting talents, increasing financial support, and highlighting regional industrial characteristics to form an entrepreneurship economy.

ASSESSMENT OF WATER RELATED ECOLOGICAL SECURITY UNDER CHANGING ENVIRONMENT IN CHINA

Over the last few decades intensive human activities and climate changing have stressed ecological systems impeding sustainable development of the social economy in many regions in China. The importance of ecological security has gained greater prominence. Sustaining or restoring natural functions of water ecosystems is also crucial for human welfare. To assess water related ecological security (WES), this paper constructed a framework based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model with indicators in terms of society, economy, water resources, water environment and ecology. The Entropy Method was used to determine the weighting of each indicator. Spatial distribution and temporal trend of WES was then analyzed in China. With weighting analyses, dominant factors threatening eco-security were identified. Results show that the basin of Inland Rivers in the Northwest (IRNW) and the basin of Rivers in the Southwest (RSW) are the most ecologically threatened regions in China. In the IRNW basin, the WES is mostly affected by the factors of water consumption ratio and soil erosion area ratio, while in the RSW basin it was influenced by the natural population increase ratio and the investment percent of GDP in environmental pollution treatment. Most WES indexes (WESIs) in the ten basins show an increasing trend, except for that in the basin of Rivers in Southeast (RSE) which has a decreasing trend due to the reduced investment ratio of environmental pollution treatment. These results will provide valuable information to water resources management.

我国省域森林生态安全评价及差异化——基于生态文明建设背景

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 我国省域森林生态安全评价及差异化——基于生态文明建设背景 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201710271929 作者: 作者单位: 北京林业大学经济管理学院,中国社会科学院研究生院,北京林业大学经济管理学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家林业局2014年林业重大问题调研课题（ZDWT201415） Evaluation and difference analysis of provincial forest ecological security in China based on the background of ecological civilization construction Author: Affiliation: College of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Graduate school of Chinese academy of social sciences,College of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态文明是我国"五位一体"总体布局的重要内容，将直接引领我国生态环境保护与建设的大略方针，而森林作为生态文明建设中最本质和最重要的物质基础，其生态安全状况显得尤为重要。基于生态文明建设背景，从省域层面分析森林生态安全状况，沿用PSR模型构建森林生态安全评价指标体系，对2007年、2011年和2014年各省级行政区森林生态安全状况进行评价和对比。结果表明：森林资源状况是各省（市、自治区）森林生态安全状况存在差异的最主要原因；森林生态状态对森林生态安全评价影响最主要，森林生态压力影响次之；生态文明建设前期，我国各省级行政区的森林生态安全状况均呈上升趋势，生态文明建设后期，大部分省（市、自治区）森林生态安全状况出现下降趋势。同时，针对各地区森林资源的不同状况，提出了提高森林生态系统安全性的建议。 Abstract:Ecological civilization is an important concept, based on "all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress" in China. It will directly lead the future policies of environmental protection and construction in China. As forests are the most essential and important material base for the construction of an ecological civilization, their ecological security is especially important. Based on the background of ecological civilization construction, this study evaluated and compared the ecological security of forests in Chinese provincial districts in 2007, 2011, and 2014, and used a pressure-state-response (PSR) model to establish the Evaluation Index System of Forest Ecological Security. The results showed that the status of forest resources is the most important reason for the differences in the ecological security among the provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions); the forest ecological status is the most important influence on the evaluation of forest ecological security, and the ecological pressure on forests is the second major factor. In the early stages of the construction of an ecological civilization, the ecological security of forests in Chinese provincial districts is on the rise. However, in the later periods of ecological civilization construction, the ecological security trends downward in most provinces (cities and autonomous regions). At the same time, this paper offers advice for improving the safety of forest ecosystems in response to the different situations of forest resources in different regions. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Assessment of Ecological Security in Rare Earth Mining Area Based on PSR Model

ABSTRACT Rare earth (RE) mining activities have caused the vegetation destruction, soil erosion, soil desertification and other ecological problems. To quantitatively evaluate the eco-security of the RE mining area, we took Lingbei RE mining area in Dingnan County as study area and used the PSR (Pressure-State-Response) model and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method to construct its eco-security assessment system which was made up of 3 criterion levels and 10 factors. The results showed that the forest land had the most contribution to the eco-security in the RE mining area, and the tailings produced by RE mining had less; the average value of the eco-security in the mining area increased from 6.99 in 2008 to 7.00 in 2014. The natural growth and reclamation of the vegetation in the mining area could improve the eco-security. Vegetation destruction and exploiting RE would worsen it; mining RE would directly lead to the deterioration of the eco-security.