Pressure Hose Research Articles

Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema after High Pressure Air and Sand Injection Injury to the Upper Arm

We present a rare case of a 47-year-old man who developed pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema after a high pressure hose accidentally injected air and sand particles into his right upper arm. On presentation, he complained of dyspnoea and chest pain. He had palpable subcutaneous emphysema extending from the upper arm to his neck, face, and trunk. Plain X-ray films and computed tomography showed pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema, but no sand particles. Conservative treatment was done with close observation, and serial radiographs were obtained. There was complete resolution of the mediastinal and subcutaneous air after about two weeks with no evidence of infection. This was an extremely rare case of pneumomediastinum and severe subcutaneous emphysema occurring after accidental air injection injury to the upper arm. With regard to how air entered the mediastinal cavity, possible pathways are discussed. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21:51-54)

항공기용 연료호스의 빔 시일 피팅의 형상변화에 따른 접촉특성에 관한 연구

An aircraft fuel hose is a kind of high pressure hose, and generally consists of a nipple, a socket, an inner tube, and a reinforcement layer to increase the tensile strength. Especially the nipple supports the other components in manufacturing stages such as the swaging or crimping processes however, the nipple also serves to prevent leakage in cases of hose engagement with a hydraulic system. To ensure the seal of the hose assembly, a beam seal fitting with metal-to-metal contact is usually adopted at the end of a nipple. Therefore, the geometry of the beam is an important parameter to be determined to make sure there is sufficient contact force. This study aims to investigate the effects of beam seal geometry on the contact force by changing the inclined angle and the thickness of the beam. The results reveal that the proper thickness and inclined angle of the beam seal are 0.45 mm and 8.5°, respectively.

자동차 연료호스, 인젝터 및 압력조절기 연결부에서 LP 가스 누출에 의한 화재사례 고찰

Abstract - The purpose of this paper is to study for fire example by fuel leakage in LPG Vehicle. At first ex-ample, the car was repaired the fuel line that was connected with pressure hose between fuel regulator and in-jector in engine. But the service man was not very tighten with regular torque. At a result, the gas leaked on hot parts of engine. It verified the production of fire by engine heat. At second example, when the repair man, after replacement the injector, inserted the injector in a assembling part of it, he didn't the transform condition of fix-ing part. Therefore, the tearing phenomenon of O ring producted the controlled leakage of fuel by the injector deflection. It found the fact that the fuel leaked with gap of O ring. At third example. the fuel-cut solenoid valve was lined with pressure regulator unit. But the service man didn't throughly certify the leaked work of con-nected parts after repaired it. As a result, it certified the fire by engine heating leaked liquefied petroleum gas. Therefore it have to minimize the fire production that the driver should do no problem to throughly manage the fuel system.Key words : liquified petroleum gas, leakage, fuel line, injector, fuel pressure regulator, fire

Cleaning and disinfection with Virkon S significantly reduces Lawsonia intracellularis survival and transmission to naive pigs

Lawsonia intracellularis infection was transmitted to naive pigs introduced into pens contaminated by pigs with proliferative enteropathy. However, cleaning pens with a pressure hose then disinfecting with potassium peroxymonosulfate was able to prevent transmission of infection in a second group of naive pigs.

On the short period production planning in industrial plants: a real case study

The present research work proposes a simulation-based tool for short period production planning in industrial plants. The tool has been specifically developed for a real manufacturing system that produces high pressure hoses in the south of Italy. During the developmental phase, an advanced simulation approach, based on programming code and tables for information storage, was adopted. As a result the proposed modelling architecture ensures flexibility and high computational efficiency and allows comparison of the system's performances under different production planning scenarios obtained by applying dispatching rules, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) algorithms. The suitability of the simulation outputs is ensured by the verification and validation activities carried out in the developmental phase; furthermore, specific subroutines allow the full integration of the simulation model with the company's ERP system.

Deep-hole directional fracturing of thick hard roof for rockburst prevention

Thick hard roof in coal mines is usually a significant factor that induces dynamic disasters, such as rockburst. This study introduces a new technology called directional hydraulic fracturing characterized by cutting out an initial groove in the borehole and then injecting high pressure liquid to break the rock. The abutment pressure on the groove tip and fracture criterion is worked out based on the fracture mechanics taking fluid seepage into consideration. Computational simulations revealed that the vertical compressive stress changed to tension immediately after high pressure liquid injected into the fracturing hole, the concentration factor up to 5 that can easily rupture the roof and reduce the rockburst hazard at the same time. The seamless steel tubes are used instead of high pressure hose and conveyed into fracturing holes by geological drill to the designed locations, so as to break through the depth limitation and make the whole process automated. In situ applications at two longwall faces of LW6305 and LW5307 show that the depth can easily reach to 20m and the fracture radius more than 13m within half an hour, the efficiency and security are greatly improved. We can determine whether the roof is split by observing the pressure changes. The pressure of liquid during fracturing process can be divided into three stages: dramatically ascending, descending and stable, corresponding to crack initiation, propagation and dissemination, respectively. Drilling bits method and microseismic system validate prevention effects of this technique notably so that lead to a foundation for large scale popularization and application in China coal mine.

Evaluation of Potential for Translocation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> from Floor Drains to Food Contact Surfaces in the Surrounding Environment Using <i>Listeria innocua</i> as a Surrogate

Floor drains in processing environments harbor Listeria spp. due to continuous presence of humidity and organic substrates. Cleaning and washing activities in food-processing facilities can translocate the bacterial cells from the drain to the surrounding environment, thus contaminating food products still in production. This study evaluated the potential for translocation of Listeria monocytogenes from drains to food contact surfaces in the surrounding environment using Listeria innocua as a surrogate. A 7 × 7 × 8-foot polycarbonate flexi-glass chamber with a 10-inch-diameter drain mounted on an aluminum cabinet was used. Stainless steel coupons (6.4 × 1.9 × 0.1 cm, 12 per height) were hung at 1, 3, and 5 feet inside the chamber. Four treatment sets; non-inoculated, non-treated; non-inoculated, treated; inoculated, treated; inoculated non-treated; and two subtreatments of 8 h and 48 h were performed. For the inoculated sets, meat slurry (10 gof ground beef in 900 mL water) and a four-strain cocktail of Listeria innocua at 7 - 8 log CFU/mL were used. For the treated sets, in addition, a commercial cleaner and sanitizer was applied. The drain was cleaned using a pressure hose (40 - 50 psi) after 8 h and 48 h. Coupons were then removed and enriched in listeria enrichment broth to establish if any cell translocated from the drain onto the stainless steel coupons via aerosols generated during washing. Confirmation was done using VIP Listeria rapid test kits. Results indicated translocation at all three heights ranging from 2% - 25%. Significantly higher translocation (p Listeria spp. from drains to food contact surfaces does occur and increases with increased proximity to the drain.

An experimental study and finite element analysis for finding leakage path in high pressure hose assembly

High pressure power steering hoses used to steer vehicles supply hydraulic power generated by a hydraulic pump driven by engine. The life of high pressure hoses is affected by vibration and heat coming from the engine. The failure of high pressure power steering hoses is caused by leakage which occurs from fittings. This can be verified by analysis and observation through cutting the hose assembly to check leakage path. Through the completion of an experimental study, it was found that leakage [main failure mode] was the result of sharp corners of the sleeve damaging the outer rubber layer through constant movement. Although, the essential reason for leakage is the hardening of the rubber after a long period of use. The leakage phenomenon referred to above was verified by the reappearance of fluorescent material coming from the space between the nipple and the inner rubber—and the space between the reinforced material and the outer rubber. The goals of this study are the analysis of stress and strain distribution during the swaging process. Additional goals include determining where the stress concentration occurs, and proposing improvement points which include the shapes of the sleeve and nipple of the high pressure hose assembly as determined by finite element method.

Design on Magnetic Gap Adhesion Typed Crawler

The core technology of heavy-duty attaching robot,applied in large scale steel surface preparation(ships surface rust removal,large storage tank surface paint removal),is the attaching effect which means attach reliably and move neatly.The traditional attaching robot has two kinds of attaching modes: vacuum sucker mode(invalid for heavy-duty) and magnet crawler mode(inflexible move).The magnetic gap adhesion typed crawler combines two kinds of attaching modes to enhance the attaching ability of robot.The magnet gap mode will separate the magnet from the crawler,and the magnet is installed separately which dose not contact the surface,and the attaching ability can be adjusted though changing the gap.The magnetic gap adhesion typed crawler's own weight is about 75 kg,and carries dozens meters of ultra-high pressure hoses and vacuum pipes which will be filled with water during work.It is applied in ships surface rust automatic removal and achieves water jet rust removal of steel surface and no re-rust.The design principle,stress analysis,magnet gap effect and industry test are introduced.The application shows that the magnet gap mode attaching robot can achieve heavy-duty work,move neatly,reliable attaching and other requests.

Mass screening and treatment for malaria among gold miners in Suriname

Background: The activities and habits of small to medium scale gold miners -and their interaction with both the environment and the local population- are recognized as one of the main determinants of the current occurrence and dispersion of malaria in the Amazon Region. Gold miners are the group with highest risk for malaria in the region. Their exploration techniques are based on damming creeks and rivers, to provide water that is used in high pressure hoses, to dig for gold. This practice, multiplies the potential breeding sites of the main vectors in the region. We assessed the malaria prevalence in gold mining areas in Suriname. Methods: Mass screening and treatment for malaria was conducted in 4 main gold mining areas in Suriname. A standardized national malaria form was used to collect the information. Malaria blood films were stained with 4% Giemsa and read using microscopy (1000X). 100 microscopic thick film fields were inspected before a slide was being declared malaria negative. For positive-malaria smears, parasite species were identified and treatment was given following the national malaria protocol. Results: Between June and October, 2009, there were 2543 people screened for malaria in 4 main gold mining areas in Suriname. These 4 areas had 261 gold mining camps (Victoria:26; Benzdorp:88; Sellacreek:79; Maku:68). Sixty-six percent of the people seen were Brazilian. Malaria infections were reported among 85 people with an overall prevalence of 3%. There were 42, 40 and 3 cases of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae, respectively. Parasite specific prevalence ranged from 1-4%(Pf), 1-3%(Pv) and <1%(Pm). All malaria cases were uncomplicated infections and treated. No cases were detected among pregnant women. Conclusion: Despite a steep decline of malaria morbidity in Suriname (∼95% reduction), “hot spots” still exist. From the 4 gold mining areas evaluated, Sellacreek was the only malariafree region. Gold mining activities implies population movements and transmission of malaria which make diagnosis and treatment, a critical gap for the sustainability of the impact obtained in other areas. A strategy to increase access to adequate diagnosis and treatment for malaria -training locals and serving their populations- in gold mining areas is ongoing. Abstracts for SupplementInternational Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 14Preview Full-Text PDF Open Archive

충격 압력을 받는 파워스티어링 시스템의 고압호스 수명 예측

유압호스는 적용되는 압력에 따라서 저압, 중압, 고압으로 구분되어진다. 승용차의 파워스티어링 시스템은 저압부와 고압부 시스템으로 구분되어질 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 차량이 회전할 때 발생되는 충격압력이 고압호스부에 적용될 때 수명을 예측하는 것이다. 내부와 외부 조건을 조절하기 위해서 충격 압력과 작동유의 온도는 충격압력 시스템에서 제어되는 것이 필요하다. 충격압력 시험에서 압력과 작동유 온도만을 조절하여 얻은 결과는 고압호스의 수명을 예측하기 위한 조절형 가속수명시험을 적용하였으며, 또한 유한요소법으로 스웨이징부를 해석하였다.

Theoretical and experimental study of the pulling force of jet bits in radial drilling technology

Radial drilling technology, of which the jet bit is the key device, is a research focus in the field of oil drilling and production. This paper establishes mechanical equations for jet bits and analyzes the hydroseal of backward jets in bottom holes. Meanwhile this paper establishes a mechanical equation for a high pressure hose and analyzes the axial force distribution. Laboratory experiments indicate that the flow rate, the angle between the backward nozzle axis and the jet bit axis, and the hole diameter are the major influencing factors; the generation of the pulling force is mainly due to the inlet pressure of the jet bit; the backward jets can significantly increase not only the pulling force but also the stability of jet bits. The pulling force would reach 8,376 N under experimental conditions, which can steadily pull the high-pressure hose forward.

213 油圧ホースの劣化度評価手法の確立(セッション8 保守・管理運用(2))

213 油圧ホースの劣化度評価手法の確立(セッション8 保守・管理運用(2))

Effects of operating conditions of high pressure washing on the removal of biofilms from stainless steel surfaces

Hosing with water is the most common approach to cleaning in the food industry. Measurements of the removal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm from stainless steel using a high pressure hose showed that, over the range of pressures tested, impact pressure does not significantly affect microbial removal. Nozzle pressures of 2.5 × 10 6 and 9.5 × 10 6 Pa were used, and the distance between the nozzle and target surface was between 20 and 120 cm. When using cold water, microbial removal increased ( p < 0.001) from 2.9- to 4.1- to 4.9-log 10 as the time exposed to the water spray increased from 5 to 30 to 60 s. With hot water, microbial removal was 4.9-, 5.1-, and 5.2-log 10 when using the same exposure times. The use of detergent followed by spraying with water increased ( p < 0.001) the removal of organisms to 5.6-log 10.

Just-in-Time Smoothing Through Batching

This paper presents two methods to solve the production smoothing problem in mixed-model just-in-time (JIT) systems with large setup and processing time variability between different models the systems produce. The problem is motivated by production planning at a leading U.S. automotive pressure hose manufacturer. One method finds all Pareto-optimal solutions that minimize total production rate variation of models and work in process (WIP), and maximize system utilization and responsiveness. These Pareto-optimal solutions are found efficiently in polynomial time with respect to total demand by an algorithm proposed in the paper. The other method relies on Daniel Webster's method of apportionment for production smoothing, which produces periodic, uniform, and reflective production sequences that can improve operations management of the JIT systems. Finally, the paper presents the results of a computational experiment with the two methods.

Combined photosynthesis and mechanical aeration for nitrification in dairy waste stabilisation ponds

New Zealand has 16,500 dairy farms (avg. 220 cows), with cows kept on pasture throughout the year. During the 9-month dairy season, the cows are milked twice a day (averaging 2.5-3 h per day in the dairy parlour). Urine and faecal wastes deposited in the dairy parlour are washed away with high pressure hoses, using large volumes of water. A common method of treatment is in simple two-pond (anaerobic/facultative) lagoon systems, which remove about 95% of suspended solids and BOD5, but only 75% of total-N prior to discharge. High concentrations of ammoniacal-N in the effluent can cause toxicity to aquatic organisms in receiving waters. Mechanical aeration of the second (facultative) lagoon to promote nitrification improves effluent quality by reducing oxygen demand and potential ammonia toxicity to streamlife. Mechanical aeration however is associated with considerable mixing, which may prevent algae from optimising photosynthesis in the facultative lagoon. A series of experiments was undertaken which tested the efficiency of mechanical aeration and then attempted to combine it with daytime algal oxygen production in order to maximise ammonia conversion to nitrate, while minimising costs to the farmer. An experimental facility was developed by dividing a large facultative lagoon into two, producing a matched pair of lagoons, operated in parallel with influent flow split equally. Over successive dairy seasons, various aeration regimes were compared. Continuous aeration promoted nearly complete nitrification of the ammoniacal-N (99% removal), and effluent BOD was approximately halved. However the continuous mixing reduced algal biomass, and thus daytime algal photosynthesis. Night-only aeration permitted greater algal photosynthesis to occur, as well as halving electrical power consumption. Ammoniacal-N removal reduced to 90% (10 g m(-3) remaining in the effluent), while BOD removal was also lower than in the continuously aerated lagoon (59 and 69% respectively). Providing a series of biofilm attachment surfaces for nitrifying bacteria by suspending geotextile material close to the surface in the pond in consistently aerobic water resulted in improved ammoniacal-N removal efficiency (93%) with night aeration, but still lower removal than continuous aeration.

High Pressure Hose May Separate

High Pressure Hose May Separate

유압식 자동차 동력조향장치 고압호스가 실내소음에로 미치는 영향의 주파수 분석을 통한 연구

High pressure hose having tuning cables, called Resonator hose is frequently used to attenuate pressure ripple generated by the pump for reducing the vehicle interior noise. A number of studios have been conducted on the resonator hose and its analytical models. However, there are few studies which deal with the influence of resonator hose on vehicle interior noise because the most of studies were focused on transmission loss of the resonator hose. This paper presents NVH test results of power steering system and frequency analysis results. In the frequency analysis, both the relations between vibration, pressure ripple and vehicle interior noise and also the design parameters of high pressure hose influencing on vehicle Interior noise were discussed. The test was done for various high pressure hose specimens in full turn condition.

Generation and dispersion of droplets from cleaning equipment used in the chilled food industry

Cleaning operations in food factories produce airborne droplets that may carry microorganisms. Three laser-based systems were used to measure the sizes, fluxes and concentrations of airborne particles produced by a low pressure hose, a boot scrubber, a floor scrubber and a hand washer. The low pressure hose produced a particle flux of 144,000 cm −2 s −1 below 40 μm diameter and less than 900 cm −2 s −1 above 80 μm at 150 mm from the impact point of the water jet. The concentrations of particles greater than 1 μm diameter, due to the use of the hose, were up to 1.4×10 7 m −3 around a room. The floor scrubber produced a particle concentration (>1 μm diameter) of 4.3×10 6 m −3 at 300 mm from the scrubber. Almost all of the particles were below 5 μm. Particle concentrations around the room were up to 4.6×10 5 m −3. The boot scrubber produced a particle flux of 750 particles cm −2 s −1 in the range 0–10 μm and less than 5 cm −2 s −1 greater than 100 μm. The highest concentration of particles (>1 μm) around the room was 6.0×10 5 m −3. The hand washer was operated remotely. The highest particle concentration measured at the edge of the hand washer was 2.3×10 4 m −3. The data can be used as part of a risk assessment or in numerical models used to predict particle dispersion and quantify risk. The data strongly indicates that the use of low pressure hoses should be discouraged during and immediately prior to production periods when foods may be exposed.

A study of cryptosporidiosis in a cohort of neonatal calves

During calving time on an experimental farm, 32 newborn calves were selected at random and monitored for infection with Cryptosporidium parvum for the first 30 days of their lives. The animals were fed pooled colostrum for 2–3 days after birth and housed in individual pens, which were washed daily using a pressure hose. Fecal smears were examined by microscopy after staining with carbol fuschin for visualization of oocysts. Oocyst shedding was scored semiquantitatively according to the average number of oocysts in 20 randomly selected fields at 1000× magnification. All the animals acquired the infection before 18 days of age. The period of maximum risk was between 9 and 12 days; 50% of the animals were infected by 9.4 days of age. It was found that the earlier the animals acquired the infection, the longer the patent period. Oocyst shedding, which did not always begin with the onset of diarrhea, lasted between 8 and 23 days (mean 12.4±3.3 days). Furthermore, fecal samples from 32 periparturient cows (within ±7 days of giving birth) were filtered, concentrated and examined for oocysts using a fluorescent monoclonal antibody test, which revealed that six of the cows, although asymptomatic, were excreting C. parvum oocysts.