Press Materials Research Articles

Особливості впровадження нової унії в східних воєводствах Польщі (1923-1937 рр.)

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the process of introducing the “Union of the Eastern Rite” in the eastern voivodeships of Poland in 1923-1937, the purpose of which was the religious assimilation of Orthodoxy and strengthening the infl uence of the Vatican. Th e author has analyzed archival documents, materials of the periodical press, and publications of the time, which highlight the problems related to the introduction of neo-union in the eastern voivodeships of Poland. Th e research methodology. Th e methodological basis of the article consists of the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematicity, and interdisciplinary approach. Th e general scientifi c, special-historical, and interdisciplinary methods are applied. Each of them has come to be eff ective in a specifi c situation and made it possible to objectively reconstruct the process of introducing the Eastern Rite. Th e scientifi c novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author, on the basis of archival documents and periodical press materials of the studied period, has identifi ed the peculiarities of the process of introducing the new union. Th e study is based on new source material, which is being introduced into scientifi c use for the fi rst time. In contrast to previous works devoted to this topic, the article more clearly reveals the dynamics of changes in the religious policy of the Polish state and the Roman Catholic Church in relation to the Orthodox Church. Conclusions. In the interwar period, the Orthodox Church faced a number of problems. One of them was the onslaught of Catholicism and the West’s at- tempt to subordinate Orthodoxy. Such was the so-called non-union action. One of the main reasons for the spread of the neo-Union movement in the eastern provinces of Poland was the decline in the authority of Orthodox priests, some of whom neglected their duties. Even the bodies of the dead could lie for a long time without a memorial service. Such priests viewed religion only as a source of enrichment and demanded high payment for priestly services. Such an attitude towards their pastoral duties undermined the authority not only of priests but also of the Orthodox Church itself. As a result, the population began to look for new ways to satisfy their spiritual needs. However, the neo-union movement still needed to gain mass distribution.

Język i kultura w przekładzie tekstów specjalistycznych

This study explores the link between language and culture in the context of translating specialist texts. The starting point is the assumption that each text contains a cultural element, even if it is “only” a professional text. The illustration of the theoretical considerations is a comparative analysis of translations (from French into Polish) of press articles in the field of economics. The analysis of selected press materials shows that their cultural value is not a peripheral phenomenon, but constitutes an important sense-creating element. In the process of their translation, the translator's tasks include not only changing the original linguistic structures, but also changing the cultural perspective embedded in the text. The carriers of the cultural point of view are both single lexical units, as well as linguistic constructions and complex conceptual networks. Based on the research, the authors conclude that it seems particularly important to sensitize students to respect the genre standards of the target language and to understand the need to reconceptualize the original conceptual metaphor and change the deictic perspective of the text.

COVERAGE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF ALL-BUKHORA CONGRESSES OF PEOPLE'S REPRESENTATIVES IN THE PERIODICAL PRESS (1920-1924)

The article is devoted to the activities of the congresses of people's representatives of the All-Bakhara. Along with the formation of the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic and the establishment of state power in it, these congresses were of great importance in solving current issues of the socio-economic and cultural life of the republic in 1920-1924. The article describes the activities of the congresses on the basis of materials of the periodical press.

THE INTERACTION OF THE UKRAINIAN MILITARY FORMS WITH THE TOWN COMMUNITIES OF VOLYN AND KYIV REGIONS DURING THE UPR DIRECTORATE

The purpose of the article is to show, on the basis of the available scientific literature, archival sources, and materials of the periodical press of the time, the difficult relations (changed from fruitful cooperation to conflicts and sometimes even to brutal pogroms) between the Ukrainian People's Army and UHA, on the one hand, and the Ukrainian and Jewish communities of the towns of Volyn and Kyiv provinces, on the other. The methodological basis of the research is the principles of historicism, comprehensiveness, objectivity, multifactoriality, and systematicity. An essential component of the methodology has become the use of various methods of material analysis – historical, problem-chronological, historical-genetic, and historical-typological. The scientific novelty of the publication lies in the systematic coverage of important areas of cooperation between the UPR army and residents of Volyn and Kyiv towns during mobilization campaigns and the organization of material and moral support for Ukrainian soldiers. Conclusions. The relations between the Ukrainian People’s Army, UHA, on the one hand, and the national communities of the towns of Volyn and Kyiv provinces during the days of the UPR Directory, on the other, were ambiguous. First, the townspeople, mostly Ukrainians, were mostly the object and, to a lesser extent, the subject of the mobilization measures of the Ukrainian authorities, replenishing military formations, taking an active part in the protection of the state interests of the Ukrainian People's Republic, providing tangible material support to the Ukrainian People’s Army, supported the army in many ways when it conducted offensive or defensive operations against the Red Army. To a lesser extent, this applied to UHA. Secondly, in a number of urban settlements, there were facts that prevented the normal cooperation of communities and Ukrainian units (illegal military requisitions, contributions, looting, interference in the work of local self-government bodies, etc., conflicts between Jewish communities and the Ukrainian military, which ended in shameful pogroms).

Issues of the Ancient Near East in Polish Women’s Press in the 19th - and Early 20th Centuries (2) - Bluszcz [Ivy

The Polish magazine for women: Bluszcz [Ivy] (1865-1918) included pieces on the history of culture, literature, issues of scientific progress, travels, and descriptions of foreign countries. This paper discusses texts referring to the ancient Near East as published in Bluszcz. It includes a review and analysis of press materials dealing with various aspects of this heritage: notes, reviews, announcements, articles, digressive travel reports, and fiction, among others.These articles were published in the context of the specific kind of press and former under-standing of 19th Century women’s intellectual needs. The more prominent or characteristic publications are synthetically discussed, while the summary presents reflections of a statistical nature, on the distribution and formal transformations.

GENERAL L. ROKHLIN AND THE “MILITARY OPPOSITION” PHENOMENON OF THE 1990s

Aim. To study the political phenomenon of General L.Rokhlin (1947–1998) as the leader of the anti-Yeltsin “military opposition” in the second half of the 1990s.Methodology. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach, which relies on the use of problem-chronological, formal-legal, and systemic methods.Results. The conducted analysis revealed that the political phenomenon of Rokhlin was the result of the crisis transformation of the giant military defense complex, which was inherited by Russia from the Soviet Union. At the same time, the methods, which the “rebellious general” wanted to apply to solve the army and the military-industrial complex problems, could not be called completely constitutional. Therefore, Rokhlin appears as an undoubtedly bright and charismatic leader who, at the same time, was quite isolated from the rest of the opposition spectrum, and his significance in the political history of Russia in the 1990s seems quite exaggerated.Research implications. In the course of the study, new sources were introduced into scientific circulation: materials of the periodical press, legal acts, electronic sources, the integrated use of which enables comprehensive study of the socio-political activities of General L.Rokhlin and his supporters.

Politiskās cīņas par Raini un Aspaziju

One of the key responsibilities of the state authority is to win and keep the public’s support for political choices, adherence to requests, etc. Propaganda is a powerful tool for winning over folks’ loyalty. Creative individuals in the world of art and culture frequently participate in the dissemination of an ideological statement. Rainis (1865–1929) and Aspazija (1865–1943) are popular and respected poets and public figures. People are listening to their opinion; therefore, it is in the interests of both independent Latvia and the Soviet occupation authorities to make them their “allies”. In the case of Rainis – even after the death of the poet. The case study of the interaction between poets and state authority in the context of Latvian literature history enables us to understand the tactics used by the state authority to enlist the aid of creative individuals and use them to carry out propaganda objectives. These tactics also included intimidation and subjugation, the spread of purposefully false information, and the concealment of the truth. The study examines the period from the 1920s to the 1970s, concentrating particularly on the first year of the Soviet occupation (1940), and examines the ways in which the names Rainis and Aspazija appear in the official rhetoric of the occupying power – in press materials and fiction. The study also examines how the poets’ works were used to further propaganda goals.

Marriage, Family Planning, and Birth Control Discourses in Latvia during the Wars, 1914–1920

In the territories of the Russian Empire populated by the Latvians, the years of the First World War (1914–1918) and the ensuing Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) witnessed a significant transformation in the discourse on family planning and birth control. Because men were mobilized, there was a marked fall in the number of registered marriages, which meant that women had only a slim chance of marrying and planning a family. The nation's ideologues faced a challenge: how to restrain Latvian women from marriages and casual relationships with soldiers of the multi-ethnic Russian army and the occupying German army, who had been stationed in the Latvian-populated provinces since 1915, these having been separated by the battlefront. Women's demographic behavior was changing, with sexual life beginning before marriage, giving rise to a phenomenon of casual liaisons. Latvian nationalists, seeking to prevent such casual relationships in the name of the future they imagined for their people, promoted sexual restraint, which became at this time one of the strategies of the nation-building process. This article examines the wartime possibilities for marriage and the family planning associated with it and investigates the discourse of the propaganda of sexual restraint that was maintained and developed by Latvian nationalists, looking at their assessment of the situation and the principles they formulated for the appropriate (non-) use of sexuality, which in that context acted as a birth control instrument. The article looks at the role of abortion as a traditional means of birth control, and how the wartime conditions affected the number of children born outside of marriage. The research is based mainly on analyses of press materials, statistical data, and archival documents.

KOSTROMICHI-OCTOBRISTS IN THE STATE DUMA OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

The article is devoted to the little-studied problem of the activity of Kostroma deputies-Octobrists in the III State Duma of the Russian Empire. The sources are the documents of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), as well as the materials of the periodical press of the Russian National Library (RNB). An attempt is being made to establish to what extent the Kostroma deputies expressed the interests of their constituents. Based on extensive factual material, the attitude of Kostroma people's deputies to the most important issues of socio-political and economic life of Russia at the beginning of the XX century is considered. The authors conclude that representatives of the Union of October 17 party during the work of the III Duma enjoyed the support of the tsarist government and the provincial administration, and deputies G.N. Botnikov and V.S. Sokolov actively worked in the field of Russian parliamentarism and did a lot for the development of the Kostroma province represented by them.

Public Discussion around American Purchases for Needs of Russian Roads during First World War

The problem of the dependence of Russian railway transport on foreign supplies during the First World War is considered. For the first time, this issue is revealed through the prism of a public discussion, which was conducted on the pages of the Russian periodical press on the issues of American procurement for railways. Particular attention is paid to criticism of the current situation in the field of railway transport, the danger of dependence of the Russian industry on foreign powers (both hostile, neutral and allied) and the need for import substitution. New sources are introduced into scientific circulation (materials of the periodical press, transcripts of meetings of the State Duma), which make it possible to get a more complete picture of both the problems that have developed in the field of railway transport and their perception in Russian society. It is noted that despite the positive attitude of the press to the establishment of commercial and industrial relations with America, many publicists and politicians noted that the replacement of German capital and industrial goods with American ones posed no less danger for Russia in the future, which could only be avoided through the development of national production.

QUALITY STUDIES OF PLASTIC PARTS OILFIELD EQUIPMENT

The article considers the quality of plastic parts of oilfield equipment depending on the modes of manufacturing their various designs and the composition of press materials. By adjusting the regime parameters in the manufacture of parts, quality indicators are determined: tensile strength, hardness of parts, and others. The use of parts made of plastic materials for the development of the oil field equipment industry can be considered efficient from a technical and economic point of view. Also, in order to improve the quality, strength and longevity, plastic masses, which are an alternative product to metals and non-metals, have started to be used. Studying the performance indicators of the used plastic materials is considered mandatory. The quality of details made of plastic masses depends on many factors, and the indicators of these factors appear during operation. The quality indicators of products made of plastic materials in oil field equipment are distinguished by the presence of unlimited possibilities, greater than structural materials. Parts made of such materials have high performance indicators and are used in the preparation of parts with different constructions using uncomplicated processing methods. For the development of the oil industry, ways to increase the durability and longevity of the equipment used in this industry should be investigated. Based on the results, an experimental-theoretical method for determining the main quality criteria (shrinkage deformation and other quality indicators, strength, hardness, surface roughness) of plastic parts is proposed. The developed technique for the design of plastic parts makes it possible to estimate the expected life of parts, taking into account their operating conditions. Keywords: quality, plastic parts, press materials, performance, shrinkage.

Pemberdayaan Lembaga Pers Siswa dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Jurnalistik di MTs. Sunan Drajat Banjarwati Paciran Lamongan


 
 Literacy-based education should be familiarized in the world of education, let alone journalism in schools. The millennial generation have to the ability to write, both in the field of journalism and non-journalism. On that basis, our real-life college service team empowers student press institutions. Through journalistic literacy, it will teach students to have creativity in writing and be aware of the importance of journalism and the press. The method we use in this service is ABCD-Asset or potential based community development. The results we got through our activities were in the form of socialization and introduction of the service team with student press institutions, providing journalistic and press materials, mentoring young journalists, the practice of making wall magazines, training in layouting and editing techniques for wall bulletins and success in making educational wall magazines by The Students of Press Institutions. From these activities, the results obtained are that The Students of Press Institution are familiar with journalism and the press, know the techniques of interviewing and compiling news, understand the rubrics in wall magazines and can make opinions, articles, short stories and so on, able to make good wall magazines and know the layouting and editing techniques of wall bulletin scripts.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Науково-дослідна робота викладачів педагогічних закладів вищої освіти УРСР у роки хрущовської «відлиги» (на прикладі Вінницького і Кам’янець-Подільського педінститутів)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main areas of research work of tea chers of Vinnytsia and Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical Institutes during the years of Khrushchov’s “thaw” on the basis of archival sources and periodical press materials. Th e methodological basis of the research is the principles of historicism, systematicity and comprehensiveness, problem- chronological and diachronic methods. Th e scientifi c novelty of the article is determined by the comprehensive analysis of the subject of scientifi c research works of the teachers at the above- mentioned pedagogical institutes, their preparation of dissertation studies, scientifi c works, and participation in conferences. Conclusions. Research work was an important activity area of the Vinnytsia and Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical Institutes. Th e primary responsibility for its implementation rested with the teaching corporation, which in its research paid the main atten- tion to pedagogical issues aimed at improving educational and methodological work in higher education institutions and schools. An important area of the pedagogical universities’ activity was the preparation of doctoral and candidate dissertations by teachers. In order to activate the process, the institution’s management used diff erent ways (targeted and one-year postgraduate studies, creative vacations, reduction of the academic load, etc.). However, a number of scientists were unable to defend their works, primarily due to the lack of a mechanism for coordinating scientifi c research. Teachers prepared monographic studies, textbooks, and manuals, articles, some of which appeared in prestigious scientifi c journals. However, the total number of works of higher education teachers was insignifi cant (an average of 45 works were issued per institute each year). Most of them were published in collections of scientifi c works of pedagogical insti- tutes (“Scientifi c notes”). Report scientifi c conferences (sessions) of teachers were held annually.

Формирование памяти о Первой мировой войне через деятельность британских ветеранов и историческую политику Великобритании в 1930-е гг.

Importance. The scientific problem lies in the World War I historical memory’s formation’s features’ study. The purpose of the research is to reveal what was the ratio of the state’s and veterans’ influence in the narratives’ formation of World War I historical memory in the Great Britain in the 1930s. Research Methods. The historical policy of the British government in the field of the memory about World War I was studied by a historical and systematic approach for consideration as one of the instruments of influence on the Great Britain’s society. The activity of veteran organizations and individual front-line soldiers during the 1930s was analyzed, whose protest against the state narrative of historical memory after the “Great Depression” began to fade by 1939. Results and Discussion. On the basis of the materials of the British press of the 1930s, as well as the involvement of additional sources, narratives about World War I were illustrated, which gradually changed in the 1930s. The ideology and activities of the state in the field of historical policy actively from 1932–1933 displaced negative ideas about the war, suppressed anti-war movements and pacifist sentiments in British society. The strengthening of the state’s influence on the British Legion testified to its subordination to the official agenda, which allowed the ruling circles to use veterans in the implementation of domestic and foreign policy (to develop international contacts, influence public opinion). Conclusion. The value of the research lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of the materials of the British press as historical sources that allow us to trace the gradual weakening of the role of veterans’ organizations in the field of memory about World War I by the middle of 1930s, and the strengthening of the influence of the state in this regard. The correlation of official and public (veteran) narratives in historical memory is shown.

The Rivalry at the Periphery of the Cold War: the USA, the USSR and the Communist Parties of Spain, Italy and France during the Conflict in Western Sahara (1977–1979)

The article examines the foreign policy positions of Moscow and Washington in the context of the events in Western Sahara in the second half of the 1970s, taking into account the diplomatic activities of the Communist parties of Italy (Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI), France (Parti communiste français, PCF) and Spain (Partido Comunista de Españа, PCE). The research is based on the published documents of the US president J. Carter's administration, sources of the US State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency, as well as unpublished declassified documents of the CPSU Central Committee from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, and also press materials and memoirs. It is argued that 1) the conflict in Western Sahara united the PCI, the PCF and the PCE in a campaign of solidarity with the Polisario Front against the background of Moscow's non-recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) and Washington's supply of arms to Morocco to suppress the struggle for Western Saharan independence; 2) The United States perceived the activity of the Western European Communist Parties in organizing solidarity campaigns with the Polisario Front as a minor episode of international politics that did not lead to recognition of SADR independence by Western European countries; 3) U.S. diplomats observed the speeches of Western European Communist Parties in support of the Polisario, but did not bring their analysis to practical recommendations that would have adjusted tactics toward these Communist Parties. The Eurocommunists' support for the Polisario wasn't coordinated with Moscow.

Technologia blockchain jako narzędzie wspomagające głosowanie: wykorzystanie w wyborach ogólnokrajowych i lokalnych

The article deals with the problem of implementing blockchain technology in the process of electronic voting. The study begins with an introduction, where basic information about electronic voting is presented, and the scope of the work undertaken is defined. In the main part of the paper, the author first presented an overview of the knowledge about the blockchain, pointing out its definition, as well as its most important elements and its use so far. Based on a case study, the research was carried out using scientific publications, reports, internet and press materials. The examples of Estonia, Switzerland, Sierra Leone, Romania, Russia and India cited in the work show that blockchain can be used as an element of the infrastructure that creates the electoral system in a given country. The last section contains the traditional conclusions and findings of the work.

ПОВСЕДНЕВНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ ОМСКА В НАЧАЛЕ ХХ ВЕКА НА СТРАНИЦАХ МЕСТНЫХ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКИХ ИЗДАНИЙ

The article presents the characteristics of the everyday life of the city of Omsk in the early twentieth century. based on publications in local periodicals in 1907-1914. The Omsk Telegraph and Omsk Bulletin newspapers, which were popular among the population and became a kind of tool for forming public opinion, were used as a historical source in the work. The use of the problem-chronological method made it possible to identify and consider the characteristic features of everyday life through the prism of periodicals. The comparative-historical method was used to compare newspaper materials on a specific problem. As a result, the authors have identified the main directions of everyday life of citizens, which were most widely reflected in publications during the period under study. These are issues of improvement of the city, sanitary and epidemiological condition, construction of water supply, cultural and entertainment sphere, information about various incidents. The information presented in the notes, feuilletons and journalistic articles gave a comprehensive description of the reality that took place. The study based on the materials of the periodical press shows the participation of urban residents in charitable and educational activities. It is noted that most of the publications are presented in the form of notes containing brief information without any analysis of events. Nevertheless, the regional periodical press as a historical source has a great informational potential for studying everyday life. The authors note the importance of the integrated use of newspapers, official documents, memoirs and letters in order to fully immerse themselves in the atmosphere of the early twentieth century and to create a vivid image of the city with its problems and achievements in various fields.

URBAN IMPROVEMENT URBAN IMPROVEMENT AS A PERFORMANCE INDICATOR OF CITY SELF-GOVERNMENT OF PERM IN 1905-1916

The article analyzes the activities of the Perm city government on the improvement of city streets, piers and public gardens in 1905 - 1916. The sources of the research were archival documents, journals of the Perm City Duma, materials of the periodical press, primarily the «Permskie Gubernskie Vedomosti» During the period under review, the effectiveness of Perm city self-government in solving issues of improvement was influenced more than ever by political events, forcing budget funds to be transferred to other areas. From 1905 to the first half of 1914, the effectiveness of city self-government bodies in the field of landscaping has been growing, since the second half of 1914, this growth has been slowing down. Nevertheless, activities in the field of landscaping did not stop, as did the progressive development of Perm.

Вопросы семьи и детства в 1940–1960-е гг., и их отражение на страницах периодической печати Ростовской области

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of individual measures of the Soviet government within the framework of the social policy of the USSR aimed at improving the living conditions of families, their material well-being and increasing the birth rate of the population in the Rostov region. Materials and methods. Special attention is paid to the materials of the periodical press of the Rostov region of 1940-1970, on the pages of which the problems of raising children and youth were reflected, moral themes were highlighted, negative images of irresponsible parents were criticized. The regional newspapers made it possible to conduct a comparative historical analysis of trends and contradictions between the policy of the CPSU and the government carried out “from above” and its perception in society, especially among women. Analysis. The article emphasizes the importance of publications in newspapers and magazines devoted to the topic of “single mothers” and their children who have a dash in the column “father” in the metric certificate. It is noted that, despite the seriousness of the problem that needs to be solved, declared by the society, it remained without attention from the authorities. Results. It is concluded that the periodical press was aimed at the broad strata of the population and promoted family values, formed the image of the ideal Soviet family. In addition, it is emphasized that the tone and vector of publications set the direction for the steady formation of a positive image of a Soviet woman, mother, worker in the reader.

Housing and Communal Services of Kyiv during the German-Soviet War Based on the Materials of the Occupation Press (September 1941 — September 1943)

The article is dedicated to the state of housing and communal services in Kyiv as covered in the periodicals «Ukrainske Slovo», «Nove Ukrainske Slovo» and «Ostanni Visti» during the period of German occupation. Analysis of the newspapers' materials made it possible to outline the state of the housing stock and communal infrastructure from the entry of the occupying forces into the city until the end of the German administration's activities. The newspapers' pages contain information on statistical calculations of the destruction in Kyiv, as well as activities related to the localization and elimination of these consequences. The materials reveal propaganda cliches, distortion, and exaggeration of information regarding the state of affairs in housing and communal services. For the mentioned aspect, it is possible to reflect the common and distinct features of German propaganda in the periodicals used in all the territories where it was active. This includes the use of “soft power” by the occupying press to instill new political beliefs, friendliness towards Germans in the population of Kyiv. In particular, appealing to the destruction of housing and critical infrastructure of the city by the Soviets. Attention to the materials of the occupation press and their objective evaluation not only allows for determining the degree of distortion of the information provided in the context of the historical time reviewed but also in comparison with the activity of such presses in the modern world. Russian occupation administrations currently use the full spectrum of mass media, including the press, to distort reality and conduct political propaganda on temporarily occupied territories in Ukraine. In many respects, the occupiers adhere to similar or identical forms of the fascist regime of reflecting non-existent reality, including issues related to housing and communal services destroyed or damaged by themselves in the territories they occupy.