Press Forming Research Articles

Greek Illustrated Journals and the ‘Popular’ (1912‒24): In Quest for a New Research Approach

This article is a first attempt to analyze a number of Greek popular journals from the first half of the twentieth century in the frame of cultural, media, and historical interrelations and its logical inherences and to investigate them as both autonomous objects of study and a particular form of press, media, and reading product. Starting with an overview of the state of the art, it argues that the journals analyzed, Ελλάς [Hellas] (1907–21), Εικονογραφημένος Παρνασσός [Illustrated Parnassos] (1910–23), Εικονογραφημένη [Illustration] (1904–24), and Μπουκέτο [Bouquet] (1924–46), should be seen as examples of a new media format that introduced a new form of documentation combining the dissemination of encyclopedic knowledge with popular entertainment, innovative forms of representation, and the extensive use of images.

Design Life Correlation of Axle Housings with Experimental Investigations and Failure Analysis to Overcome Manufacturing Process Influences by Surface Finish Improvements

The present study deals with the design life variation of axle housings with experimental investigations. The detailed failure analysis has been carried out on the influence of various manufacturing process. It is found that significant results are achieved due to surface finish improvements. Life of axle housing at design stage is estimated using road surface roughness value and indoor bending test method. The conditions of road roughness are varied drastically due to the terrain in which vehicle operates. The estimation of dynamic forces acting on axle for a typical terrain is extremely difficult, so actual strain values were measured at suspension mounting zones in the axle assembly for various road roughness and payload conditions. Similarly, component level estimation is calculated for indoor bench test conditions. Life estimates using design intended surface roughness and tensile strength measured at raw material in plate condition does not reveal any failure. But premature failure of the actual component during experimental testing occurred, which does not match to design calculations. Failure investigation at the cracked zone reveals manufacturing processes have altered the fatigue characteristic of housing plate. The key influencing factor is the surface finish deterioration of axle housing plates from the design intended value of 10 to 22 µm after press forming. Surface roughness creates micronotches leading to crack initiation on the other hand the tensile strength of the formed component is being altered during hot working from 610 to 500 MPa. On re-estimating, the design life considering the influence of manufacturing process results are closer to the experimental values with altered SN curve. Several iterations has been carried out with different surface finish values to analyze the failure, keeping the tensile losses due to hot working in the component to be constant. It is found that surface finish improvement up to 3 µm will make the axle housing to meet acceptance life, which can be achieved by using abrasive or pressurized sand blasting after forming process. Alternatively, for plates having tensile strength up to 620 MPa, surface finish can be lowered as low as 80 µm and still life meets acceptance. Lowering surface finish value favors manufacturer to choose low-cost manufacturing process.

Center Clamp Forming of a Rectangular Cup with Bottom Edge Trimming Using a Continuous Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet

Center clamp forming method has been applied to avoid wrinkles in the press forming of a rectangular cup with bottom edge trimming using a continuous woven carbon fiber-reinforced plastic plate. Trimming of a bottom edge during forming is a convenient method to obtain smooth bottom without any other successive process. But it closes the die profile that may cause fiber wrinkle. By the center clamp forming compared with free forming, it is confirmed that this is one of the methods to achieve smooth top flat surface of the cup without wrinkles. Monitoring pressure using pressure sensors elucidated pressure application process during the press forming and cooling process. Difference of the pressure holding time in the cooling process was observed between the pressure on the side plate and that on the top flat plate. Sliding descent during the cooling under constant load indicated the solidification finishing time of the thermoplastic resin.

Investigation on Cooling Channel in Hot Press Forming Through Numerical Simulation

Investigation on Cooling Channel in Hot Press Forming Through Numerical Simulation

Preparation of porous materials by selective enzymatic degradation: effect of in vitro degradation and in vivo compatibility

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were melt-blended and formed into a film by hot press forming. The film was selectively degraded by cutinase and proteinase K to form a porous material. The porous materials were characterized with respect to their pore morphology, pore size, porosity and hydrophilicity. The porous materials were investigated in vitro degradation and in vivo compatibility. The results show that the pore size of the prepared porous materials could be controlled by the proportion of PBS and the degradation time. When the PBS composition of PBS/PLA blends was changed from 40 wt% to 50 wt%, the mean pore diameter of the porous materials significantly increased from 6.91 µm to 120 µm, the porosity improved from 81.52% to 96.90%, and the contact angle decreased from 81.08° to 46.56°. In vitro degradation suggests that the PBS-based porous materials have a good corrosion resistance but the PLA-based porous materials have degradability in simulated body fluid. Subcutaneous implantation of the porous materials did not cause intense inflammatory response, which revealed good compatibility. The results of hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining assays demonstrated that the porous materials promote chondrocyte production. Porous materials have great potential in preparing implants for tissue engineering applications.

Legal Comparison of Freedom of Expression and Freedom of the Press in the Republic of Armenia and in the Republic of Poland

<p>Freedom of expression and freedom of the press form guarantee and emphasize the democratic character of a state. The dissemination of information and opinions is a prerequisite of democracy, which essentially requires that citizens be guaranteed the possibility to participate in public affairs. An opportunity to learn some information and opinions is of paramount importance for broadening knowledge, sharpening the critical mind, shaping one’s own views and making rational and informed choices. For full access to information and opinions circulating in the public, it is necessary that it should be made public and media and their journalists will make it in the best way. The aim of this study was to compare constitutional legal solutions concerning freedom of expression and freedom of the press and the way they are effectuated in practice in theRepublicofArmeniaand in theRepublicofPoland.</p>

Participation of civil society in decisions to mitigate environmental degradation in post-conflict societies: evidence from Somalia

The question of the degree to which participation by civil society contributes to environmental decisions in post-conflict societies has received little attention. This study sheds light on the extent to which degrees of participation contribute to environmental decision-making in the Puntland State of Somalia using questionnaire surveys. We found that active participation has the highest contribution to environmental decisions. Our findings also indicated that the most pressing forms of environmental degradation in Puntland, as perceived by the respondents, are land degradation, drought related to the scarcity of rainfall, and deforestation. This study recommends “environmental cooperation” built into the peace-building process as a clear-cut concept to tackle both environmental degradation and conflicts. At the core of this concept is active participation and collaboration between civil society and the government as a means of mitigating environmental degradation in post-conflict Somalia. This will result in favorable environmental conditions and sustainable peace.

Aggregate ceramic films produced at room temperature by press forming

AbstractRecently, the demand for flexible or stretchable Internet‐of‐things devices has increased with the rise in popularity of wearables. Also, research is progressing for the development of oxide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries, which are expected to have improved safety and performance compared with current batteries. Room‐temperature processes for the production of oxide films would facilitate the development of such novel devices. Press forming is a simple room‐temperature process; however, conventional press forming cannot produce highly dense green compacts. Here, we developed a new press forming‐based, room‐temperature process, the mega‐press forming (MF) method, that produces highly dense aggregate oxide films at a pressure below 1 GPa, which is lower than that at which oxide particles fracture, by taking advantage of the differences in cohesive force between microsized and nanosized particles. We used our novel process to produce highly dense lead zirconate titanate aggregate films on aluminum foil at room temperature, and found that when impregnated with silicone oil, these films exhibited low leakage current density and saturated polarization hysteresis properties. Furthermore, we were able to produce films with a porosity of only 6%, which is much lower than that of films produced by conventional press forming (20%). Thus, the MF method will be useful for the development of novel functional composite ceramics that are difficult to fabricate using high‐temperature processes.

Kategoria prasowości i jej wykładniki w osiemnastowiecznych gazetkach rękopiśmiennych Jędrzeja Kitowicza.

The communicative and cultural phenomenon of manuscripts of news-sheets (letters–news-sheets, hand-written news-sheets) is outside the mainstream linguistic research although their 18th-century representations could illustrate an important stage of the development of press forms and genres as well as specialisation of the Polish language in functional communication practices. The collection of the news-sheets by Jędrzej Kitowicz of the period 1771–1776 is representative for a correspondence-based unoffi cial circulation of information. Genologically and communicatively profi led analyses of the news-sheets have enabled a description of the main exponents of their press nature, i.e. the manners in which an epistolographic form autonomises and obtains the status of an informative form for which a letter is a mere means of communication. The press nature of the discussed news-sheets is signalised, among others, by a heading, consistent architecture of the content modelled on printed press, measures for objectivising the message and making it a reliable news service (lexical source signals, authenticating ones).

تكريس التعددية الإعلامية عبر تحقيق التنوع الثقافي في وسائل الإعلام الرقمية:

The media of all kinds have the task of introducing, expressing and objectively representing the cultures of different societies in various types and forms of press and media. The precept of media pluralism is the basis for freedom of expression & the cornerstone of its realization. Therefore, it is linked to the establishment of several conditions and elements in order to establish it as a principle and practice. Issues of cultural diversity in media and cultural pluralism are one of the most important elements and indicators. So, this paper aims to shed light on the concept of media pluralism and related concepts within the framework of cultural diversity and multicultural indicators. Thus, highlighting the features of cultural diversity in digital media and its roles in promoting it in light of the characteristics and transformations that have touched many aspects of human life.

Void‐Free Layered Polymeric Architectures via Capillary‐Action of Nanoporous Films

AbstractHere, a nanomaterial with morphology‐controlled nanoscale capillaries is utilized to overcome manufacturing challenges in layered polymeric architectures. It is demonstrated that the capillary pressure from a nanoporous film replaces the need for applied pressure to manufacture void‐free layered polymeric architectures. Manufacturing of aerospace‐grade advanced carbon fiber composites is performed for the first time without utilizing pressure from an autoclave. Combined with a conductive curing approach, this work allows advanced composites to be manufactured without costly oven or pressure vessel infrastructure. The nanomaterial‐enabled capillary pressure is quantified as 50% greater than typical pressures used in such processing, and is anticipated to overcome the limitations imposed by the requirement of high applied pressure in many other applications such as adhesive joining of various bulk materials including metals, press forming, and closed‐mold infusion processing of layered composites and polymers.

Forming Challenges of Extruded Wood Plastic Composite Products in a Post-Production Process

Wood Plastic Composites (WPC) have developed rapidly in recent years and are experiencing fast market growth. Such products can include recycled polymers and fibers as material ingredients. The majority of the product shapes are currently limited to simple deck profiles. Expensive injection molding is the most commonly used method of manufacturing for more complex geometries. The forming pressure and the press cycle length can be reduced in the press forming method with a simpler and less expensive toolset. This article investigates the effect of key forming parameters and related challenges in press forming of WPC sheets pressed into circular shaped specimens. From the results, it can be determined that the forming temperature and dwell time play a major role in forming process.

Joining by press forming of porous aluminum and metal plate during heating

Joining by press forming of porous aluminum and metal plate during heating

LEGAL COMPARISON OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA AND IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND/ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ԵՎ ԼԵՀԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐՈՒՄ ԿԱՐԾԻՔԻ ԱՐՏԱՀԱՅՏՄԱՆ ԵՎ ՄԱՄՈՒԼԻ ԱԶԱՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՐԱՎԱՀԱՄԵՄԱՏԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ/СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ СВОБОДЫ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ МНЕНИЯ И СВОБОДЫ ПЕЧАТИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ АРМЕНИЯ И В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ПОЛЬША

Freedom of expression and freedom of the press form guarantee and emphasize the democratic character of a state. The dissemination of information and opinions is a prerequisite of democracy, which essentially requires that citizens be guaranteed the possibility to participate in public affairs. An opportunity to learn some information and opinions is of paramount importance for broadening knowledge, sharpening the critical mind, shaping one’s own views and making rational and informed choices. For full access to information and opinions circulating in the public, it is necessary that it should be made public and media and their journalists will make it in the best way.

PREVELANCE OF ORAL AND RESPIRATORY MICROORGANISMS ON THE CAD-CAM VERSUS PRESS FORM OF POLY-ETHER-ETHER KETONE MATERIAL FOR ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESIS

INTRODUCTION: Biofilm formation differs in accordance to material type and processing technique, which has a crucial impact on maxillofacial prosthetic materials’ practicability. OBJECTIVES: to compare the prevalence of the upper respiratory tract and oral microbial flora colonization on the two commercially available forms of polyetheretherketone (modified PEEK); the conventional press form and the CAD-CAM form. MATERIALS AND METHODS: : forty eight circular discs, were processed forming four groups: Group I: twelve BioHPP discs were prepared with CAD-CAM form, Group II: twelve BioHPP discs with conventional press form, Group III: twelve heat polymerized poly methyl meth acrylate (PMMA) to mimic the polished surface Group IV: twelve heat cured PMMA to mimic the fitting surface. Microbiological procedures were performed including microbiological sampling, isolation, purification and identification, biofilm formation and assessment of the normal oral and respiratory flora on modified PEEK and PMMA discs. RESULTS: Acrylic resin fitting surface group had the highest biofilm formation when compared with the three other groups. No statistical significant difference was found between each pair of the three remaining groups, CAD-CAM BioHPP group showed the lowest biofilm formation of all groups according to mathematical data, but it didn’t approach the level of being statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Both BioHPP processing techniques were positive for biofilm formation, though BioHPP CAD-CAM showed a rougher surface than pressed BioHPP, it showed the least biofilm formation of all groups. Fitting surface of acrylic resin group showed the worst results for biofilm formation

Newspaper as a source of gratification of the information needs and as an object of the soologіcal studies

An article is a іnterdisciplinary work, it is at the junction of the record keeping, of the theory and history of press and of the general and applied sоciology written and has to the study of newspaper devoted. An author give the most known definitions of newspaper, every in the course of last century developed. The fundamental subjects of the article are a description of newspaper as a produkt of the print, that is aimed to satisfy the іnformatіon needs of the spokesmen for the various age groups, ananalys is of rating of the newspaper as the source of іnformation and a coverage of main tendencies in the interdisciplinary researches, why special attention is given to sociological aspects of similar researches. An article sums up of study of the development of the modern newspaper as a separat form of the print works beginning from the 1900s to the 2010s, as large classifications of the newspapers had maked. Moreover, is a comparative description of the magazin and newspaper as 2 separat forms of periodical press and objects of the applied sociological researches in the article described. By the study of original sources, that were published over the last 40 years, is established, that in consequence of the digitalization and appearance on the market Іnternet-versions of different publications reduces a rating of the usual printed newspaper gradually by numerous groups of population, in the first place by the young at the age under 30 years, including by students and by persons, who receive their vocational training. This problem remains unresolved and asks subsequente laborations in the field of study іnformationneeds of different categories of readers — as representatives of the native population as the numerous groups of the migrants and refugees, who gets to Germany from the 1950s.

Press formability of newly developed high lubricity hot-dip galvanized steel sheets

Surface modification technology was applied to hot-dip galvanized steel sheets (HDG) in order to improve their press formability. The frictional behavior and press formability of surface modified HDG were investigated in comparison with those of conventional HDG, conventional electrogalvanized steel sheets (EG) and pre-phosphate treated EG (EG pre-phos). Specimens of these coated mild steel sheets with various mechanical properties were used as test materials. The friction coefficient was measured by a flat sliding test, and press formability was evaluated by a deep drawing test and a stretch forming test. As a result, surface modified HDG showed a lower friction coefficient and higher press formability than conventional HDG and conventional EG. The friction coefficient and press formability of surface modified HDG were similar to those of EG pre-phos. In deep drawing, the inflow of material from the flange area to the cracking area becomes easier due to the lower friction coefficient of surface modified HDG, which leads to improvement of deep drawability. In stretch forming, the outflows of material from the sheet/punch contact area to the cracking area become easier due to the lower friction coefficient of surface modified HDG, leading to improvement of stretch formability. These results indicate that surface modified HDG is a promising material for automotive use.

Sliding characteristics of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets depending on aging time after production

The effect of aging time after production on the frictional characteristics of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets (HDG) was examined in this study to stabilize and improve the press formability of HDG. Conventional HDG with the Zn coating weight of 67 g/m2 including 0.36 mass% Al were used as test specimens. The specimens were aged for a predetermined period, after which their friction coefficients were measured with a flat sliding test. It was found that an Al-based oxide grew on the HDG surface and the friction coefficient tended to decrease with increased aging time. This suggests that the Al-based oxide reduced the friction coefficient. To understand how the Al-based oxide affects the friction coefficient, surface observation and analysis of both the test specimens and the tools after sliding were carried out. Although the Al-based oxide was not detected on the HDG surface in the area of contact with the sliding tool, the oxide was detected as adhering material on the tool surface after sliding, suggesting that the adhering material on the tool reduced the adhesion force between the metallic Zn of the HDG and the tool. This could lead to a lower friction coefficient because shearing resistance was decreased.

Properties of Luffa Fiber Reinforced PHBV Biodegradable Composites.

In this study, composites of poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) with untreated luffa fibers (ULF) and NaOH-H2O2 treated luffa fibers (TLF) were prepared by hot press forming. The properties of luffa fibers (LFs) and composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other analysis methods. Results showed that pre-treatment effectively removed pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin, thus reducing the moisture absorptivity of LFs. The flexural strength of TLF/PHBV was higher than that of ULF/PHBV. With 60% LF content, the flexural strengths of ULF/PHBV and TLF/PHBV reached 75.23 MPa and 90.73 MPa, respectively, 219.7% and 285.6% more than that of pure PHBV. Water absorptivities of composites increased with increase in LF content. Water absorptivity of TLF/PHBV was lower than that of ULF/PHBV. The flexural strengths of composites decreased after immersion in water at room temperature. Meanwhile, flexural strength of TLF/PHBV was lower than that of ULF/PHBV. Pretreatment of LFs effectively improved the bonding between fibers and PHBV, resulting in enhanced and thus improved the moisture resistance of composites.

Press Forming of Aluminum Foam during Foaming of Precursor

Press Forming of Aluminum Foam during Foaming of Precursor