Presidential Advisory Council Research Articles

Friend at Night, Enemy during the Day? A Decolonial Engagement of Pastor Shingi Munyeza’s Role as Regime Enabler and/or Regime Resistor

During Robert Mugabe’s era, religious leaders had always been standing as either regime enablers or regime resistors. The two roles continued when President Emmerson Mnangagwa assumed power in 2017. Although most religious leaders choose to be either regime enablers or resistors, Shingi Munyeza positioned himself as both regime enabler and resistor. As a regime enabler, Munyeza sits on several boards appointed by the state president. In addition, when President Mnangagwa got into power, he appointed Munyeza to be in his Presidential Advisory Council. After the appointment, the entrusted cleric somersaulted into a regime resistor, using the Bible to publicly castigate the government of the man who had handpicked him to whisper in his ears for advice. Using decolonial theory, which is a programme of de-linking from contemporary legacies of coloniality, this paper challenges the dual role of enabling and resisting the regime played by Munyeza as a portrayal of a “friend at night and an enemy of the regime during the day.” This paper grapples with questions such as: Why did Munyeza start to denigrate the government the moment he became the president’s advisor? Why did Munyeza not opt to resign from the government that he is labelling as a rogue? How does Munyeza balance the role of an advisor to and an opponent of the same regime? In its decolonial engagement, the paper concludes that the dual role of regime enabler and/or resistor is not possible unless one is a “friend at night and an enemy during the day.”

Advancing Dialogue About Consent and Molecular HIV Surveillance in the United States: Four Proposals Following a Federal Advisory Panel's Call for Major Reforms.

Policy Points Molecular HIV surveillance and cluster detection and response (MHS/CDR) programs have been a core public health activity in the United States since 2018 and are the "fourth pillar" of the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative launched in 2019. MHS/CDR has caused controversy, including calls for a moratorium from networks of people living with HIV. In October 2022, the Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS (PACHA) adopted a resolution calling for major reforms. We analyze the policy landscape and present four proposals to federal stakeholders pertaining to PACHA's recommendations about incorporating opt-outs and plain-language notifications into MHS/CDR programs.

Critical success factors for ICT project: A case study in project colocation government data center

Good project management can help a project succeed but may not prevent it from crashing, such as a data center colocation project at the Secretariat of the Presidential Advisory Council. This study examines the Critical Success Factors that cause failure in project management practices in colocation data center projects. These factors were found by analyzing the questionnaire using the Analytic Hierarchy Method (AHP) to determine the ranking of the factors. According to the research findings, top management support, planning, and communication, are the three most important factors and enable the Secretariat to improve their project management by maximizing the factors.

To Advocate or Not to Advocate: Determinants and Financial Consequences of CEO Activism

AbstractChief executive officers (CEOs) who engage in activism take public stands on issues that are largely unrelated to the core business of their firms. This study assesses the impact of CEO activism on shareholder value and investigates potential drivers behind the decision to advocate. We conduct an event study centred on a particular episode of CEO activism: the resignation of a group of business leaders from their roles as advisors to President Trump. We choose this setting since activism is likely to have a stronger impact when a CEO is politically connected. However, by engaging in advocacy, a CEO risks severing the very same political links that underlie the strength of the message. We find that shareholders react negatively to the decision to quit a presidential advisory council, which is consistent with a fear of weakening their firm's political influence. The decision to publicly advocate seems to be driven more by a CEO's personal political ideology than by a company's general involvement in corporate social responsibility. We also observe that managers are more likely to take a stand when they are protected by their firm's corporate governance rules. This study provides empirical evidence of the risks associated with CEO activism.

Diagnostic Tests Can Stem the Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance: Infectious Disease Professionals Can Help.

Uptake of existing diagnostics to identify infections more accurately could minimize unnecessary antibiotic use and decrease the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (PACCARB) agree that, to improve uptake of existing diagnostics, healthcare providers, health systems, and payors all need better clinical and economic outcomes data to support use of diagnostic tests over empiric use of antibiotics, providers need better tools and education about diagnostic tests, and diagnostics developers need federal funding in the absence of a viable diagnostics market. Recommendations from PACCARB and the IDSA are amplified. Incentives for-and challenges to-diagnostics research, development, and uptake are summarized. Advocacy opportunities are given for infectious disease professionals to join the fight against antimicrobial resistance.

French research strategy to tackle antimicrobial resistance

In response to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many countries have launched priority initiatives. The UK established a national action plan against AMR in 2000, followed by the USA and Germany in 2015. 1 German Federal GovernmentAvoiding antibiotic resistance DART 2020 Fourth interim report 2019. https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/fileadmin/Dateien/5_Publikationen/Praevention/Broschueren/DART2020_4-Zwischenbericht_2019_EN.pdfDate: 2019 Date accessed: March 3, 2020 Google Scholar , 2 The White HouseUSA National action plan for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/national_action_plan_for_combating_antibotic-resistant_bacteria.pdfDate: March, 2015 Date accessed: March 3, 2020 Google Scholar , 3 UK GovernmentUK's five-year national action plan. Tackling antimicrobial resistance 2019–2024. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/784894/UK_AMR_5_year_national_action_plan.pdfDate: Jan 24, 2019 Date accessed: March 3, 2020 Google Scholar A crucial development in these initiatives, as well as AMR strategies in most Nordic and some southern EU countries such as Spain, 4 European UnionAntimicrobial resistance national action plans and strategies. https://ec.europa.eu/health/amr/national_action_plans_strategies_enDate: 2020 Date accessed: March 3, 2020 Google Scholar is a focus on a One Health perspective that includes priorities such as developing prevention strategies, breaking transmission chains, enhancing surveillance, improving treatment and diagnostics, and raising awareness nationally and internationally. The UK and the USA AMR plans also share a strong focus on developing stewardship strategies and improving international collaboration and capacities. The Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria has issued recommendations for the next US plan for 2020 to 2025 to incorporate surveillance systems as a broader One Health AMR surveillance system, develop an integrated federal One Health research strategy, and develop a national, interagency effort to address global AMR. 5 Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant BacteriaPriorities for the national action plan on combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria: 2020–2025. PACCARB Report with recommendations. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/PACCARB%20NAP%20Report%20FINAL%20Approved%20by%20Council.pdfDate: July, 2019 Date accessed: March 3, 2020 Google Scholar Importantly, the UK plan places a focus on reducing the burden of infection, improving supply of and access to antimicrobials, and reducing unintentional exposure to antimicrobials, 3 UK GovernmentUK's five-year national action plan. Tackling antimicrobial resistance 2019–2024. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/784894/UK_AMR_5_year_national_action_plan.pdfDate: Jan 24, 2019 Date accessed: March 3, 2020 Google Scholar and sets out the first steps towards its broader 20-year vision to contain and control AMR by 2040. 6 UK GovernmentUK's 20-year vision for antimicrobial resistance. Contained and controlled. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/773065/uk-20-year-vision-for-antimicrobial-resistance.pdfDate: 2019 Date accessed: March 3, 2020 Google Scholar All these initiatives refer to WHO's 2015 global action plan on AMR 7 WHOGlobal action plan on antimicrobial resistance. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/193736/9789241509763_eng.pdf?sequence=1Date: 2015 Date accessed: March 3, 2020 Google Scholar that stimulated the deployment of national research strategies to combat AMR.

Antibiotic development - economic, regulatory and societal challenges.

Antibiotic resistance is undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges to global health, and the emergence of resistance has outpaced the development of new antibiotics. However, investments by the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology companies for research into and development of new antibiotics are diminishing. The public health implications of a drying antibiotic pipeline are recognized by policymakers, regulators and many companies. In this Viewpoint article, seven experts discuss the challenges that are contributing to the decline in antibiotic drug discovery and development, and the national and international initiatives aimed at incentivizing research and the development of new antibiotics to improve the economic feasibility of antibiotic development. In this Viewpoint article, seven experts discuss the challenges that are contributing to the decline in antibiotic drug discovery and development, and the international and national initiatives aimed at incentivizing research and the development of new antibiotics to improve the economic feasibility of antibiotic development. Christine Ardal co-leads research and innovation in the European Union Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections. Previously she was the co-lead on incentives to stimulate antibacterial innovation for the European Union’s DRIVE-AB project. She is a senior adviser at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, where her research and policy work focuses on medicine innovation, access and stewardship. Manica Balasegaram trained as a medical doctor at the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom, and from 2001 onwards worked as a doctor and researcher in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia with Medecins Sans Frontieres. In 2007, he joined the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative as Head of the Leishmaniasis Clinical Program before returning to Medecins Sans Frontieres as Executive Director of the Access Campaign. He joined the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership in June 2016, and is a board member of the Medicines Patent Pool as well as FIND’s Scientific Advisory Committee. He is also the executive director of GARDP. Ramanan Laxminarayan is the founder and Director of the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy in Washington, DC, United States, and a senior research scholar at Princeton University. He is a voting member of the US Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. David McAdams is a game theorist and professor of economics in the Fuqua School of Business and Economics Department at Duke University, United States. His current research focuses on the economic epidemiology of information, with applications from antibiotic resistance to ‘fake news’. Kevin Outterson is a professor of law and N. Neal Pike Scholar in Health and Disability Law at Boston University, United States, and Executive Director of CARB-X. He has grappled for a dozen years with issues peculiar to antibiotic research and development, especially relating to intellectual property, reimbursement and business models. He now leads the world’s largest push incentive for antibacterial research and development, CARB-X, with a 5-year budget exceeding US$500 million. The views expressed herein are personal, and do not necessarily represent the views of CARB-X or any CARB-X funder. John H. Rex is a physician and drug developer with more than 30 years of development and policy experience focused on antimicrobial agents. He is currently Chief Medical Officer of F2G Ltd (an antifungal biotechnology company), an expert-in-residence for the Wellcome Trust and an operating partner with a venture capital group (Advent Life Sciences) and was (2015–2019) a voting member of the US Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. He blogs regularly at http://amr.solutions/blog.html. Nithima Sumpradit is a pharmacist and lead coordinator for development and implementation of Thailand’s National Strategic Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2017–2021. She is also a programme manager of the Royal Thai Government–WHO Country Cooperation Strategy Programme on Antimicrobial Resistance.

A Study on the Directions for Policy Deliberation of Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology(S&T): Approach to the Analysis of the Deliberation Trends of Agendas Related National S&T

A Study on the Directions for Policy Deliberation of Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology(S&T): Approach to the Analysis of the Deliberation Trends of Agendas Related National S&T

International Conference on Green and Renewable Energy Resources (ICGRER 2016)

PrefaceThe International Conference on Green and Renewable Energy (ICGRER 2016) was held November 14-15th, 2016 at Solo Paragon Hotel, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. This conference is organized by Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Science, Sebelas Maret University.The scope of parallel classes are solar energy/solar cells, biomass and bio energy, and miscellaneous product. There are 60 presenters were presented and discussed in plenary and parallel session, therefore, a total 28 manuscripts have been peer reviewed with good quality.We are pleased to have Prof. Dr. Sri Adiningsih, M.Sc., Ph.D (Chairman of the Presidential Advisory Council) as our outstanding keynote speaker. We also glad ti have our invited speakers Prof. Renate Egan (University of New South Wales Australian PV Institute, Solinno Pty, Ltd), Dr. Adhi Wibowo (Direktur PPTEK R&D EBTKE Kementerian ESDM), Ir. Hj. Sripeni Inten Chayani, M (President Director PT. Indonesia Power), Prof. Dr. Ir. Kamaruddin Abdullah (Universitas Darma Persada), and William Papet (Business Development at MPS Consortium).We express our gratitude to participants from all researchers and students for join this conference. We also appreciate for sponsors, reviewers, and all member of the organizing committee which prepare this conference. Our gratitude also goes to the IOP Publisher for cooperation in prepare this proceeding. We do realize that the success of the conference depends on both participants and who have worked with us.Prof. Ari Handono RamelanChairman of ICGRER 2016Dean of Faculty Mathematics & Natural Sciences

Is the Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic Resistance missing opportunities?

Is the Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic Resistance missing opportunities?

ANALISIS KRITIS UU NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2006 TENTANG DEWAN PERTIMBANGAN PRESIDEN

President as the state organizer can establish a state institution which can give the president advice, although the institution is not in the state government. The amendment of Constitution of 1945 has eliminated Supreme Advisory Council, which was the permanent state institution. In the state governance practice there is Presidential Advisory Council. This institution is not set in the Constitution of 1945 (called as non-permanent state institution). The existence of this institution become problematic. It is due to the fact that non-permanent institution is the same as the permanent one.

New Societal Approaches to Empowering Antibiotic Stewardship.

Substantial concern regarding the ever-worsening crisis of antibiotic resistance has been raised by the World Health Organization, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Medicines Agency, Institute of Medicine, World Economic Forum, and the US Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology. The question is no longer whether to act, but how. Antibiotic stewardship is the term used to describe efforts to optimize selection of antibiotic therapy. Formal antibiotic stewardship programs are essential to help society address antimicrobial resistance by reducing the estimated more than 50% of antibiotic use that is unnecessary or inappropriate.1 The US government has recently emphasized the need for implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs at all hospitals.2 To be effective, antibiotic stewardship programs must incorporate best practices, which include dedicating sufficient resources to the program, appointing a single leader to be accountable for performance, having appropriate antibiotic expertise, implementing action plans, monitoring bacterial resistance, reporting antibiotic usage to staff, and providing education

National Strategy on HIV/AIDS Geared Toward Elimination of HIV

National Strategy on HIV/AIDS Geared Toward Elimination of HIV

Advisory Council Member Offers Voice for Psychiatry in New HIV/AIDS Strategy

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Professional NewsFull AccessAdvisory Council Member Offers Voice for Psychiatry in New HIV/AIDS StrategyMark MoranMark MoranSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:14 Sep 2015https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2015.9b2AbstractPsychiatrist Jeffrey Akman, M.D., said psychiatry brings a biopsychosocial perspective to the prevention of HIV/AIDS and the treatment of people with HIV in the recently revised national strategy on HIV/AIDS.Psychiatrists are crucial in the prevention of HIV/AIDS and in the integrated, comprehensive care of patients with HIV/AIDS. Jeffrey Akman, M.D., says the national strategy released in July recognizes that psychiatry plays a critical role in increasing access to comprehensive care and improving health outcomes.Jeffrey Akman, M.D.That’s a message that psychiatrist Jeffrey Akman, M.D., brought to the Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS (PACHA), and it has been incorporated into the revised National Strategy on HIV/AIDS for the United States, released in July (see story on page 1). Akman, the first and only psychiatrist to serve on the council, is vice president for health affairs and dean of the School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) at George Washington University. “I was able to be a voice for psychiatry and for mental health generally, and this was really important because there are multiple points in the newly released strategy that recognize the crucial role that mental health plays in HIV prevention and treatment,” Akman told Psychiatric News. “Where I was most involved was with the notion of comprehensive care and how psychiatry can play a critical role in increasing access to comprehensive care and improving health outcomes.“This includes screening for depression and other mental illnesses and bringing to prevention and treatment an awareness of the effects of stigma, trauma, and violence in HIV,” Akman said. “The psychiatrist is an important part of the treatment team, and we bring a perspective on HIV/AIDS that reinforces the biopsychosocial model of care.”PACHA comprises 25 individuals from diverse backgrounds with a deep involvement in the prevention and treatment of HIV. Akman was nominated by APA to fill a vacancy on the council earlier this year and became a part of discussions at a critical time in the development of the revised strategy. He has been involved in fighting the HIV epidemic for more than 30 years. “I started seeing patients with HIV in 1983, when the epidemic was just beginning, and it has remained an important part of my identity as a psychiatrist,” he told Psychiatric News. Akman was one of a group of physicians who created the field of HIV/AIDS psychiatry and served on APA’s Commission on AIDS. Through funding by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and as president of the National Lesbian and Gay Health Association, he helped lead national efforts related to HIV/AIDS education for health professionals. His efforts related to HIV/AIDS in the District of Columbia are extensive and have included service on the Mayor of the District of Columbia’s Commission on HIV/AIDS and on multiple nonprofit boards including Whitman Walker Health (where he served as president). He also serves as a member of the Oversight Committee of the NIH-funded District of Columbia Center for AIDS Research and as a founding board member of the George Washington SMHS Rodham Institute, whose mission is dedicated to achieving health equity in the Washington, D.C., community.Akman emphasized that the revised strategy is one that calls for action at every level of government, with explicit guidance reaching down to the community. “This is intended to be a national strategy, not a federal government strategy,” he said. “The federal government has a role, but so do states and local communities.”The strategy is visionary and ambitious, but achievable, Akman said. And he emphasized that psychiatry will be essential to seeing its goals and objectives realized. “Ultimately, our goal is an AIDS-free generation, and our perspective is that this will not be possible without psychiatry at the table,” he said. ■ ISSUES NewArchived