President Of Ukraine Research Articles

RENEWAL OF THE CONTRACT FOR LEASE OF A LAND PLOT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE

In the conditions of martial law, introduced by the decree of the President of Ukraine No. 64/2022 of February 24, 2022, all social relations have undergone significant changes. Civil law is no exception, which in turn is one of the main ones in the process of functioning and development of the state. The factors that influenced the deformation of social relations include both subjective and objective factors. This was expressed in the physical impossibility of the functioning of certain state mechanisms and institutions, the duties of which are to provide citizens with a certain number of rights and opportunities. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the process of renewal of the land lease agreement under special conditions, namely during martial law. The work used the method of analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction, generalization. As a result, it was possible to reveal the content of the land lease agreement, as well as its original provisions. In addition, the legal framework that regulates the field of land lease, as well as the obligations of the parties to such a contract, has been researched. An important part of the work was the study of legislative innovations that changed the procedure for renewing the land lease agreement. Based on this, the meaning of the concept of “expression of will” was studied and possible ways of renewing the contract without proper expression of will of the parties were considered. In addition, the external conditions that influence this process and can negatively affect the legal position of the lessor or lessee are investigated. It is important that, in addition to the identified shortcomings in the new norma­tive legal acts, recommendations for their elimination and resolution were formed in the work. To a greater extent, changes should be made to some laws regulating land relations, in particu­lar land lease agreements. The practical value of the work is revealed in the fact that it can be used both by ordinary citizens to protect their rights and fulfill their duties, and by legislators in order to eliminate regulatory conflicts characteristic of the current legislation.

Law-making activities of the President of Ukraine as a legal form of realization of law-making authorities

The article examines the peculiarities of the legal form of the implementation of the rule-making powers of the President of Ukraine, namely the rule-making activity. The essence of rule-making activity is revealed as a power activity for planning, preparation, establishment, change and cancellation of universally binding rules through the development and adoption of normative acts of the President of Ukraine.
 The thesis is substantiated that due to the importance of the rule-making activity of the President of Ukraine for the realization of the purpose of this activity, the status and all the powers of the President of Ukraine, its authoritative nature, the established universality of acts adopted by the President of Ukraine, the rule-making activity of the President of Ukraine should be carried out not only with the application appropriate means of control over this activity, to be accompanied by control over the constitutionality and legality of acts adopted by the President of Ukraine, but also with compliance with the internal procedure for the preparation and passing of legal acts of the President of Ukraine, i.e. having an appropriate legal procedural form. The significance of the legal procedural form of the rule-making activity of the President of Ukraine, its role in the preparation of perfect normative acts of the President of Ukraine for the best implementation of practical requirements for the rule-making process is considered.
 Other elements characterizing the norm-making activity of the President of Ukraine are also considered: procedural stages, procedural proceedings and procedural mode, which together constitute an integral characteristic of the norm-making process, within which the norm-making activity of the President of Ukraine is carried out, as a system of independent, logically completed stages, stages, legal technical actions to establish, change or cancel mandatory rules of conduct by means of forecasting, planning, preparation, coordination, legal expertise, consideration and adoption, state registration, publication, entry into force (coming into force) of normative acts of the President of Ukraine.
 The classifications of the types of rule-making activities of the President of Ukraine existing in jurisprudence are considered, and a refined classification is proposed, taking into account the specifics of the participation of the President of Ukraine in the law-making process and governmental rule-making.

TENSIONS ON THE TOPIC OF HISTORY IN POLISH-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS AS A RESULT OF INFORMATION WARFARE

The article deals with today’s ethnic-cultural tensions and how they connect with the history of Poland and Ukraine and current diplomatic relations. The article overviews the problematic development of the current nationalist movement in Poland and its relationship with the “Center-Right” government, which was formed after the election of the President of the Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda. On the example of the closure of the Polish consulates in Ukraine after the 2017 incident with a grenade launcher in Lutsk, the author shows how a single hooligan attack in an atmosphere of ethnic tensions can lead to a total knock-out of the diplomatic system of the country. The research reveals the causes, parties and goals of the conflict, as well as subjects interested in ethnic tensions. It is shown how the problems of Polish- Ukrainian relations related to the secret change in the foreign policy course of the Republic of Poland in 2008 created a “synergy” with the growth of nationalist sentiment in Europe and the expansion of Russian influence. The link between the strengthening of nationalist movements and ethno-cultural conflicts in Europe (including the appeal of patriotic youth to their memory of historical conflicts) with the proliferation of pro-Russian and anti-globalist conspiracy propaganda in popular corners of the Internet, including those directed against the processes of European integration and NATO enlargement, have been shown in the research. The research suggests ways to prevent the escalation of conflict using the examples of both the diplomacy of the President of Ukraine and initiatives of representatives of civil society. The topic of Internet propaganda as a factor of ethnic tensions and rising political movements, as well as the distortion of history in such propaganda, is proposed by the author for future research.

МАНІПУЛЯТИВНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ІНАВГУРАЦІЙНІЙ ПРОМОВІ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА В. ЗЕЛЕНСЬКОГО

<p><strong><em>Research purpose</em></strong><em> – </em><em>t</em><em>o analyze V. Zelensky’s inaugural address to identify technologies of hidden influence on mass consciousness.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> In the article, we applied methods of linguistic analysis of the text, synthesis and also descriptive and structural-semiotic ones.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results. </em></strong><em>Inaugural addresses are an integral part of political activities of state leaders. Such texts aim to the image building of a new manager and stand out by methods of a potential influence on mass consciousness. In the research, the essence and specificities of an inaugural address as a separate genre of political speech are described. It has been discovered that the technologies of manipulation involved in the inaugural address of the President of Ukraine V. Zelensky are based on the actualization of archetypes, the use of automatisms, mechanisms of social control, the appeal to the values and emotions of the audience. We have proved the complex nature of the mechanisms of the latent influence. Among those mechanisms, image building of the head of state has been a key one. There is a characteristic of revealed techniques: use of with contrast, «transferring a positive image», «anchoring technique», truisms, «just like the rest of us», etc.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty. </em></strong><em>The presented classifications of manipulative technologies are analyzed and the complex analysis of the techniques of the latent influence used in V. Zelensky’s inaugural address is filed. These latter are specific psychological techniques embodied in the text through the linguistic means.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical implications.</em></strong><em> The results of our research illustrate an indicative application scheme for manipulative technologies, that can be adopted as a basis of new political speeches. The article indicates the potential of linguistic expressive means combined successfully with psychological and other methods of influence and can become an example of a rational approach to political communication for understanding the meaning of a particular text.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> political communication, inaugural address, manipulation, classification, technology.</em></p>

How to battle an army with vintage radio [broadcast special - radio

"The heroism and grit of our warriors leave no doubt that Ukraine will prevail," said the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, in a stirring speech broadcast on his government's YouTube channel. Ukraine is fighting two battles - one against a physical army and another against disinformation. One weapon in its arsenal that is helping it do both may be surprising: short-wave radio. This legacy technology is an old version of AM analogue radio that operates on low-frequency radio waves. It is used to transmit audio signals over long distances by bouncing them off layers of charged particles in the Earth's ionosphere, which is part of the upper atmosphere between 80 and 600km above sea level. Used by spies in the Cold War, short-wave radio is less complicated than newer communications options. It is still used in remote parts of the world where local broadcasting is not accessible, as well as in occupied and war-torn countries such as Ukraine. In these places, short-wave radio stations can provide a low-cost and effective lifeline to cut-off communities.

CONCERNING PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEST OF ITS EUROPEANIZATION

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in the process of scientific development of the public administration problems in Ukraine, it is necessary to focus on its Europeanization. The purpose of the article is to propose a vision of the system of principles of public administration in Ukraine in the context of its Europeanization. Systematic, complex and historical approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis were used to reach this goal. The conclusion is made that the system of principles of public administration in Ukraine, focused on its Europeanization, includes the principles of: supremacy of law; hierarchical supremacy of the law; being based on law; patriotism; prohibition of over-formalism; responsibility for adopted administrative acts; possibility of cancellation (or revocation) of an illegal administrative act; use of authority for the proper purpose; reasonableness; impartiality; conscientiousness; prudence; proportionality; participation in decision-making and proper response; timeliness; transparency; efficiency and effectiveness; accountability; mutual responsibility of subjects of public administration and objects of public administration; humanism and justice in the relations between subjects of public administration and objects of public governance; virtue and ethical behaviour; competence in the field of public administration; the ability of the subjects of public administration; cultural diversity; cooperation in the sphere of public administration; sustainability and long-term orientation in public administration; innovation and ever-changing; science; system and complexity; effectiveness; self-sufficiency (to solve problems); limitation of public administration by self-organization of civil society; entropy savings; the smallest action; territoriality; meritoriousness; objectivity; functionality; official cooperation; subsidiarity; "single window"; priority of state policy; social justice; compliance; combination of state and local interests; adaptability; creativity; feedback; procedural justice; rational minimization of the number of documents and procedural actions required for obtaining administrative services; democracy; centralism on a democratic basis; reasonable management of financial support of public administration. Key words: public administration, public authority, administrative law, principles.

Legal Security of Public Administration in Ukraine during the Conditions of Martial State: Theoretical Aspects and Practice

This article is the first and planned publication by the authors of the results of the study of legal, organizational and informational support for the effective functioning of public administration in Ukraine under martial law. In order to identify and generalize the characteristic features of the transformation of public administration under martial law, the authors analyzed normative legal acts, the results of sociological research, and materials from the websites of Ukrainian authorities. A thematic review of scientific publications was also conducted. The red thread in the article is the idea of the need to combine ensuring the adequacy of public administration to the conditions of martial law and preserving democracy with the aim of maximally realizing the rights and freedoms of citizens and their active participation in countering the enemy. It is argued that the legal provision of public administration in the conditions of martial law is based on a number of normative legal acts adopted before the beginning of the war. The tasks and directions of regulatory and legal support for the transformation of public administration are revealed.

Simplified taxation system in Ukraine in the conditions of digital transformation

In the conditions of the economic crisis that arose during the martial law in Ukraine, introduced by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated February 24, 2022 № 64/2022, there is an urgent need to reformat the current domestic taxation system, aimed at the maximum simplification and minimization of administrative procedures, related to the calculation and payment of taxes, control over compliance with tax legislation, as well as the optimization of state expenditures for the specified purposes through the introduction of a real simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting throughout the territory of Ukraine for all legal and physical entities.
 The authors of the article set a goal, based on the idea of a simple, understandable and effective in administration of a simplified taxation system, to propose further directions for the legal regulation of step-by-step actions of the state during the transition to a digital domestic taxation system in the conditions of the implementation of a real tax reform.
 Given the insignificant share of the single tax in the revenues of the consolidated budget of Ukraine (about 1.7-3%) there is no need to increase the tax burden on its payers, which has been observed in recent years in connection with the adoption of numerous legislative acts aimed at strengthening regulatory mechanisms of taxation of entities that have chosen a simplified system.
 The article proposes specific directions for the legal regulation of processes aimed at the legalization of income through tax amnesty, the gradual rejection of the circulation of cash and the transition exclusively to cashless electronic transactions, the prohibition of barter transactions - for implementation in the conditions of digital transformation throughout the country for everyone, both citizens and business entities of the simplified taxation system in the form of a transaction tax.
 According to the data presented in the article, the taxation of transactions at the rate of 1.6% would allow to ensure the annual volume of budget revenues planned for 2022 while minimizing administrative procedures and expenses for them. The adoption of the law on the transaction tax with the simultaneous repeal of a number of legislative and regulatory acts on taxation is an important step for the implementation of real tax reform.

New prospects for the development of electronic justice in sentencing

It is stated in the article that today Ukraine has received the status of a candidate for EU membership with the requirement, in particular, strengthening of anti-corruption and continuation of judicial reform. These challenges for national security are foreseen in the Strategy for the Development of the Justice System and Constitutional Judiciary for 2021–2023 (approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated June 11, 2021 No. 231/2021). Separate measures to solve the specified problems are defined, in particular, the development of electronic justice taking into account world standards in the sphere of information technologies. It has been established that such measures mostly solve the issue of communication and access to justice, but the fairly promising issue of using information technology in the administration of justice remains neglected. The subject of our research is the issue of the introduction of electronic justice through the use of cybernetic methods by judges when imposing punishment. It has been established that the issue of the use of cybernetic methods by judges in sentencing is almost not investigated in Ukraine today and does not find appropriate implementation in conceptual documents on reforming the justice system.
 The analysis of the world experience of information technologies’ introduction makes it possible to draw a conclusion about its use in solving various legal issues: the detection and investigation of crimes, the expansion of communication between citizens and judicial authorities, the legal assessment of actions, etc.
 It is concluded that the formation of modern legislation based on the principles of wide application of judicial discretion is a “genetic” feature in the history of the former USSR republics legislation development. It is noted that the insufficient definition of criminal legal norms, the ambiguity of some terms, the variability of the punishment, the absence of detailed and clear rules for the imposition of punishment in the law significantly complicate the law enforcement process. All this leads to differences in judicial practice, to judicial errors, manifestations of corruption and, as a result, to a decrease in the authority of the judiciary.
 The analysis of the criminal law doctrine provisions proved that the idea of formalizing the appointment of criminal punishment did not receive proper development, although it was considered in the works of individual authors. Two directions of cybernetic methods using in the programming of the sentencing process have been identified: full and partial. It is concluded that the study of H. Alikperov “Electronic Scales of Justice”, which is based on the matrix of punishment and algorithms of its individualization, is promising for borrowing when creating new criminal legislation and reforming justice.
 The conducted research makes it possible to draw the following conclusions: the issue of automating judicial decision-making in modern conditions of digitization, reforming the judicial system and finding new effective means of combating corruption in the administration of justice in Ukraine requires a new understanding and possible reception for implementation in law enforcement activities; informational progress cannot be left without proper control by the state and must not violate human rights and freedoms; the use of cybernetic methods of formalizing punishment is impossible without stable criminal legislation and fair sanctions of prohibitive criminal legal norms that correspond to the public danger of the offense; conceptual documents regarding the development of the justice system should take into account the possibilities of using modern technologies not only to expand communication between subjects, access to justice, but also the use of information technologies specifically in the implementation of justice.

Державні фінанси в умовах воєнного стану

Introduction. With the beginning of the large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, a number of important socio-economic issues moved to another level, instead, the efforts of state authorities to solve the primary tasks have gained the growth: increasing budget revenues for the needs of the army, solving humanitarian issues, ensuring the stability of the financial system, maintaining the general economic situation in a stable state. In this connection, the issues of the role and importance of state finances in the conditions of martial law are brought up to date. Problem Statement. Ukraine is under martial law for the first time in more than half a century. Therefore, a significant range of issues is understudied, in particular in the aspect of public finance management. Purpose. The goal is to identify the peculiarities of state finance management in the conditions of martial law. Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, modeling, comparison, theoretical generalization and abstract-logical. Results. In the conditions of the war, the question of the effectiveness of the management of state finances, in particular their components: revenues and expenditures of the budget, is becoming actualized. The volumes of the latter depend on the capacity of the country's fiscal space, as well as the effectiveness of the tax system. The stability of the budget system and each budget in particular (state and local) is an important element of ensuring the stability of the entire financial system of the country. It was emphasized that an important direction of ensuring macro-financial stability should be the close interaction of the National Bank of Ukraine and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine in matters of control over the situation and its timely, justified regulation. International support and external sources of financing strengthened the sustainability of public finances. Increased mobilization of budget revenues is a forced step and at the same time a prerequisite not only for high-quality implementation of budgets at all levels, meeting the needs of the country's defense, maintaining macro-financial stability, but also a strong basis for the country's recovery. The mechanism for determining losses and damages caused by Russian aggression, introduced by the government, is analyzed. The author's definition of the term “war damage” is proposed. Conclusions. In the conditions of open aggression, state authorities rallied primarily around the President of Ukraine and his Office with the aim of preventing the collapse of the national economy, maintaining the stability of state finances, and the stability of the financial system. At the same time, the mechanism for economic recovery, revitalization of business activity, reconstruction of destroyed infrastructure, housing stock, etc. was launched. The implemented mechanism for determining losses and damages caused by Russian aggression needs some adjustment in order to develop an effective toolkit that will help in the future reduce the pressure on public finances for the reconstruction of the country, to use a sound methodology as an evidence base in legal proceedings and lawsuits against Russia to obtain reparations for the damage and losses caused.

Stages of Ukraine's accession to the European Union and future prospects

Introduction. Accession to the European Union provides a large number of economic, political, cultural and social benefits. Back in 1994, Ukraine expressed its aspiration to become a member of the EU and is still not a member of the EU. Today our country is a candidate for EU membership. The purpose of the paper is to consider the general stages and criteria of EU accession and to analyze Ukraine's path towards EU accession and future stages of accession. Results. Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union defines the geographical criterion for accession to the EU. Being the largest country in Europe by area, located in its eastern part, bordering the EU member states: Romania to the southwest, with Hungary, Slovakia and Poland to the west - Ukraine undoubtedly meets the geographical criterion. The Copenhagen criteria are: political, economic and membership criteria. As for the Copenhagen criteria, the answer to the question whether Ukraine meets them is currently different among international scholars. In our opinion, indeed, at the current stage of European integration Ukraine has already implemented a number of political conditions, in particular, partially fulfilled the requirement of the European Union to carry out a number of reforms and adapt Ukrainian legislation to the European one. As for the stages of accession to the EU, they are evaluation; negotiations; ratification. Usually, accession is preceded by years of cooperation with the European Union. To express its intention to do so, the state and the Community conclude an international agreement on in-depth cooperation, which provides for an active political dialogue. Negotiations are a process that involves the adoption of established EU legislation, preparations for its proper application and compliance, as well as the implementation of judicial, administrative, economic and other reforms necessary for the country to meet the conditions of accession, known as the accession criteria. After that, the last stage is ratification. Ukraine has successfully passed the first stage and received the status of a candidate state. Conclusion. On February 28, 2022, the President of Ukraine signed the application for Ukraine's membership in the EU - this marked a new stage for our country on the path of European integration. In this regard, close cooperation between Ukrainian officials and representatives of the European Union is currently underway to simplify and speed up the overall lengthy accession procedure. Ukraine will be able to achieve an appropriate level of economic development, high quality of life, make effective and accessible the provision and protection of human rights, implement all aspects of democracy, introduce energy security.

Regulatory authorities of the president of Ukraine: concept and legal nature

The article is devoted to consideration of the concept and legal nature of the normative powers of the President of Ukraine through the prism of consideration of the history of the formation of the institution of the president in the world, the dependence of the key characteristics of these powers on the role and status of the president in the state, correlation between traditional spheres of responsibility (foreign policy and supreme representation of the state in international relations, national security and defense) and features determined by the form of government and separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches of government, the place of the president in the system of this distribution and the assignment of the appropriate amount of tasks and functions to manage the state.
 The types of powers available to the President of Ukraine are outlined, among which domestic political, rule-making, legislative, representative, foreign policy, establishment, control, ceremonial and other powers are distinguished. The significance and place among them of rule-making powers is substantiated. The legal nature and interrelationship of rule-making powers with the constitutional and legal status of the President of Ukraine, and their use as a means of exercising state power, exclusively for the purpose of the President of Ukraine's performance of his functions, tasks and powers, are investigated.
 The legal content of rule-making powers is revealed as powers to establish, change and cancel mandatory rules of conduct in the form of issuing normative acts of the President of Ukraine.
 The conclusion is substantiated that the essence, meaning of rule-making powers, their role in the implementation of tasks and other powers of the President of Ukraine necessitate their implementation in a special legal form, namely in the form of rule-making activity, which creates opportunities for the formation of scientific foundations for the improvement of legal regulation of rule-making activity and its further effective implementation.

PECULIARITIES OF GOVTECH TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM

The article has examined the consequences of modern digital transformation, which requires changes in the public administration system based on Government Technologies (GovTech). The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of GovTech technologies implementation in the system of public administration in Ukraine. A topical issue is an urgent need for public authorities to introduce innovative technologies to strengthen the state's dialogue with citizens and business entities and to expand the possibilities to provide public services of new quality. One of such approaches is GovTech, which includes modernization of the public sector to promote simple, efficient, and transparent citizen-centric governance. The need for GovTech solutions is growing, given the further development of post-pandemic activities, which requires increased availability of developed models, considering the accessible technological capabilities and the digital gap. It has been found that the GovTech agenda involves using artificial intelligence and machine learning; cloud computing and the Internet of Things; open public data platforms; local support systems for business entities developing programs for the state. The country's insufficient level of digital transformation, the availability of low volume and poor quality of state electronic services, and a lack of experience in using state e-services have been detected. It has also been established that promising directions for the development of GovTech projects should be platforms for interaction with consumers, a general online environment for interaction, and the implementation of such models as "Smart City" and a digital region.

EXPRESSIVE SYNTAX IN PRESIDENTIAL DISCOURSE VLADIMIR ZELENSKY

The article is devoted to the analysis of figures of expressive syntax presented in public speeches of the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky. The texts of presidential rhetoric, which was transformed during the Russian invasion on February 24, 2022, are considered. The peculiarities of presidential speeches, implemented at the syntactic level, are traced. Figures of expressive syntax are analyzed: syntactic repetition, syntactic anaphora, syntactic epiphora, syntactic parallelism, period. The material of the research was the texts of presidential speeches, represented in the daily video addresses of Volodymyr Zelensky to the Ukrainian people. The object of research was the Ukrainian presidential discourse, and the subject - the syntactic features of the political speeches of V. Zelensky. The purpose of the study is to identify and qualify the main means of expressive syntax used in the presidential rhetoric of V. Zelensky, which have influential potential. The material for the analysis was the speeches and addresses of V. Zelensky, presented on the official website of the President of Ukraine, starting from February 24, 2022. Both the texts of daily video appeals to the people of Ukraine and official speeches addressed to foreign leaders and communities are considered. It is proved that during the Russian-Ukrainian war a relatively new speech genre of political discourse, presented in the presidential rhetoric of V. Zelensky, became widespread - video appeals. The dynamic nature of this genre and its interactivity, enhanced by video and audio tools, required the actualization of linguistic means of influencing the addressee, among which the priority is the means of expressive syntax. V. Zelensky’s presidential discourse mostly presents syntactic repetitions (anaphora, epiphora, epanaphora), syntactic parallelism, antithesis, period and rhetorical questions.

PROBLEMS OF DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S WAR WITH UKRAINE: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECT

The purpose of the article is to study the economic and legal foundations and identify the problems of the democratic development of the state and society in the conditions of the russian federation’s war with Ukraine. The results of the research made it possible to establish that there are problems with the democratic development of the state and society in Ukraine, which arose even before the start of the military confrontation between the russian federation and Ukraine, and the full-scale invasion of the territory of a sovereign state only deepened the existing destructive changes in the state and society. The problem of the preservation and development of democracy has become extremely acute in modern realities and requires proper attention and in-depth research. It was revealed that in Ukraine the development of the state and society takes place under the democracy of the hybrid regime. Downward trends have been established for the indicator that characterizes the level of state instability, which indicates the consolidation of the efforts of the state and society with the aim of the effective counteraction to the external enemy in the extremely difficult conditions of waging war and mobilizing resources to preserve democratic values. It has been proved that the quality of public administration in Ukraine is too low, which requires a review of the existing policy and the development of additional measures to combat corruption in the public sector. The study of the influence of factors on the level of the quality of life of the population revealed that the growth of the index of democracy and the quality of public administration leads to an increase in the quality of life of the population (respective regression indicators r=0.854 and r=0.211), while the increase in state instability reduces it (r= –0.332). It is proposed to develop a set of special measures to strengthen the interaction of state authorities with the public on the basis of transparency, openness, and access to information, guarantee the rights and freedoms of people and citizens, as well as intensify the process of preventing and counteracting corruption.

Застосування в Україні успішого досвіду країн Європейського Союзу в реформуванні адміністративно-територіального устрою та кар’єрної служби

Проаналізовано шляхи проведення реформ адміністративно-територіального устрою в країнах ЄС (Німеччині, Румунії, Данії, Австрії, Естонії, Грузії, Латвії) у площині застосування в Україні успішного досвіду. Досліджено аспекти співпраці з проектами міжнародної технічної допомоги і міжнародними організаціями. Проаналізовано кар’єрну службу в органах місцевого самоврядування у ФРН.

The Naked World: A Tale with Verse by Irina Mashinski

Reviewed by: The Naked World: A Tale with Verse by Irina Mashinski Susan Blumberg-Kason Irina Mashinski The Naked World: A Tale with Verse Cheshire, Massachusetts. MadHat Press. 2022. 185 pages. IRINA MASHINSKI IS one of the most notable contemporary Russian American translators and poets. While she usually composes poetry in Russian, in her latest work she writes in English to examine her family's origins in the former Soviet Union and their exodus to the United States. In the preface, poet Ilya Kaminsky writes that Mashinski's memoir is "a magical book, a story of four generations of one family, told through poems." Mashinski, Kaminsky, and many others are labeled as Russian American writers, and their Judaism is often not mentioned or perhaps deemed unimportant by editors and publishers. Yet their experiences in the Soviet Union and the reasons they emigrated specifically transpired because of their Judaism. In the Soviet Union of Mashinksi's childhood and early adult years, Jews had special marks in their passports, were prohibited from certain professions, and were not promoted in the jobs they could find. Children were called slurs and often beaten up just because they were Jewish. Mashinski's memoir is magical, as Kaminsky writes, because she addresses her family's Judaism through a combination of interconnected poetry and short essays. The Soviet Union was formed to provide equality to all citizens, but it didn't take long for Stalin to become wary of a perceived growing threat from Jews in the government. Mashinski's family felt the effects of this distrust going back to her grandparents' young adult years, specifically in 1928 when her paternal grandfather, Alexander, was arrested and imprisoned just before the birth of Mashinski's [End Page 74] father, Victor. Alexander's brother-in-law, Sergei Gorny, had been the consul general in Turkey during the early years of the Soviet Union and was suddenly on the outs with Stalin. No family member was left untouched, and, because of this, Alexander was imprisoned for the first, but not last, time. Mashinski writes about her paternal grandparents and their family separation in the essays "Alexander and Alexandra, The First Arrest" and "Victor," followed by a poem, "Love": "… counts her beads of trifles, / slips of tongue, quick glances, / having tortured millions / of crumpled petals, anguishing / from encounters, for one year watching / from the four corners, having not uttered / even two words." Alexander would be arrested again twenty years later in 1948 and sent away for six years that time. Mashinksi was born in Moscow in 1958, half a century after Jews had moved beyond the Pale of Settlement or what is now Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, and parts of Poland, Latvia, and Russia. Several million Jews were confined to this area from the late 1700s until the founding of the Soviet Union and murdered in pogroms en masse when economies declined or rulers felt the need to solidify their power. Another million Jews in Ukraine were shot to death in mass killings during World War II. Many Ashkenazi Jews around the world can trace their origins back to the Pale of Settlement, including Mashinski. In her prose essay "The Bronze Horseman, Natasha," Mashinski writes of her mother's exodus from Kiev in 1941 just before the city fell to the Nazis. Mashinski's mother, Natasha, was only nine years old when her mother, Ophelia, had the foresight to leave Kiev and head east for the Urals, away from Europe. Before they could flee, the Germans bombed their train. Ophelia acted quickly and put Natasha on a truck with relatives leaving the city. Thanks to her grandmother's quick thinking, Mashinski is here today. In reading this essay, I could not help but reflect on today's conflict in Kyiv, as it's known in Ukrainian, as families are torn apart—if they survive. And that the number-one Jewish target of aggression in this current conflict happens to be the president of Ukraine, which would have been unheard of twenty years ago. A number of former Soviet Jewish memoirs by authors like Yelena Lembersky (see WLT, May 2022, 22–25), Lev Golinkin, and Margarita Gokun Silver, among others, show how...

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF BUSINESS PROCESS DIGITALIZATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the foreign experience of business process digitalization in local government institutions. The authors indicate the following main internal problems regarding the introduction of digital models of public administration in Ukraine: the absence of an officially defined category-concept apparatus; the non-compliance with legal, informational-analytical, scientific-methodical, financial, organizational-technical, personnel support, etc. The authors underline that digital technologies and their use in all spheres of society's life-activity allow to create new business practices that are reflected in the emergence of gig economy, freelancing, crowdfunding, crowdsourcing, crowdcasting, etc. and other new types of services. A comparative analysis of public administration models in different countries indicates that the institutions and mechanics of public power of the countries of Europe, the USA, Japan, China and others are caught by various historical, economic, political and cultural experience. In each of the models, the function of public administration bodies supports the necessary level of regulation of social and economic processes and ensures stable public development. Keywords: local government institutions, business process digitalization, public administration model, foreign experience.

Ukrainian Folk Costume as a Synthesis of Traditions and Modernity (the case study of clothes of the first ladies of Ukraine)

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive approach to the study of Ukrainian folk costume in socio-cultural context of modernity. Analysing ethnic-style clothing in the wardrobe of the First Ladies of Ukraine, there is an urgent need to consider it as a combination of national clothing traditions and modern approaches to its interpretation in the society. The methodological basis of the study included general scientific methods, such as generalisation, systemic-structural and structural-functional methods that made it possible to identify and analyse traditional and innovative foundations of the Ukrainian folk costume and its elements in modern designer clothing of Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that source and factual material on the chosen topic has been collected, analysed and systematised, the prerequisites of "revival” of the Ukrainian costume have been analysed, and the peculiarities of using the individual costume elements have been clarified on the basis of political, economic, and socio-cultural factors. Conclusions. A number of factors influencing the transformation of Ukrainian national costume elements in modern clothing created by Ukrainian designers have been identified. The creative heritage of leading Ukrainian designers of modern period – Oksana Karavanska, Roksolana Bohutska, Oksana Polonets, Lilia Pustovit, Artem Klimchuk, Lilia Litkovska, Lake brand, who created ethnic-style clothing of the First Ladies of Ukraine – Kateryna Yushchenko, Maryna Poroshenko, Olena Zelenska – for their participation in ceremonial events has been analysed. These are dresses, embroidered shirts, suits worn by wives of the Presidents of Ukraine, in particular, to celebrate the Independence Day of Ukraine and the International Vyshyvanka Day. It has been found that leaders of public opinion, in particular the First Ladies of Ukraine, through their own visual image, popularise the national idea, are an example for imitation by different layers of Ukrainian population, contribute to preservation of national identity, influence global trends in the fashion industry.
 Key words: Ukrainian folk costume, traditions, modernity, design, the first lady of Ukraine.

Interactions between the international convention and the system of guaranteeing the rights of persons with disabilities in Ukraine

The purpose of the study is to clarify the essence and outline the functions of the international convention-institutional mechanism for the observance and protection of human rights, as well as to reveal the directions of its interaction with the national system of administrative and legal protection of the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities of Ukraine. We use methods of scientific knowledge, in particular system-functional, formal-legal, technical-legal, methods of analysis and synthesis. The National system of ensuring the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities of Ukraine, which is presented in the form of a three-level structure, among which: organizational level - is implemented by the Commissioner of the President of Ukraine for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Government Commissioner for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; management level – the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; functional level – individual central bodies of the executive power of Ukraine, their structural units and local self-government bodies. The key directions and principles of coordinated interaction of public administration subjects with relevant international institutions, primarily the UN and the Council of Europe, in the analyzed area are indicated.