Russian Federation President Research Articles

Специфика оценки инновационного развития региона и предприятия

As a result of crisis, fixed capital is depreciated, moral and physical depreciation
 of material resources is accelerated, and thus the need for modernization
 in production and technical as well as technological and administrative spheres
 is thoroughly confirmed.
 The ongoing crisis calls for the need to cardinally transform and update the
 existing production and technological base, and to introduce production of new
 and the most effective mechanisms and machines, as well as ways and
 technologies in production and management spheres at all the three levels, from
 the enterprise level to the level of the region and to the nationwide level.
 The active creation and introduction of innovations would help to stimulate inflow
 of investments, expand production and increase management efficiency at all
 levels concerned. Development of various crisis phenomena in Russia calls for the
 necessity to shift the economy to innovative development mode. The innovative
 component is considered an the integral part of the effective and dynamic
 development of the national economy.
 The innovative approach has been announced as the major goal by the nation’s
 leadership. In 2008 the president of the Russian Federation pointed out the need
 to use effectively the following five major tools, namely, the intellectual power,
 innovations, institutions, investments and infrastructure. State regulation measures
 aimed at the development of innovative activities for the purpose of ensuring
 national security in the sphere of science, technologies and educations were
 enacted in 2009, when the “Strategy of national security of the Russian Federation
 till 2020” was adopted to help form the basis for the state regulation measures
 in the sphere of elaboration of the national-wide and regional innovative policy.
 For the purpose of ongoing assessment of the innovative activity results the
 Association of innovative regions of Russia has been created. The specifics of
 national and regional monitoring are defined, as well as ways to monitor innovative
 activities of an individual enterprise. The author proves the necessity for complex
 assessment of innovative activities in terms of boosting efficiency of performance
 and higher competitiveness of an individual enterprise and the region as a whole.

T58: An important role of proteoglycans in the interactions of normal and cancer prostate cells with fibroblasts

Over time, study of malignant tumours was concentrated on cancer cells only. Now, however, an important role of cancer cell microenvironment and interactions cell with extracellular matrix (ECM) is becoming evident. Tumour cells modify normal ECM to cancer-associated matrix (CAM) thereby creating favorable conditions for the growth and development of tumors. One of the main cellular components of ECM are fibroblasts that synthesise extracellular matrix components including proteoglycans (PG) – complex glycosylated molecules consisting of core protein and one or more carbohydrate chains of glycosaminoglycans. PGs are expressed on the cell surface and in extracellular matrix for all mammalian cells and tissues, playing an important role in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and signaling. We have hypothesised that proteoglycans are related to transformation of normal ECM to cancer-associated matrix under the influence of prostate cancer cells, and understanding of the mechanism this transformation is very important issue. Thus, the aim of our work was to investigate a possible involvement of proteoglycans in the transformation normal fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). To study this problem, we co-cultivated fibroblasts with normal prostate cells (PNT2) and prostate cancer cells with different physiological characteristics (LNCaP, PC3, DU145) with subsequent separation of the cells and proteoglycans expression analysis. Firstly, we co-cultivated human fibroblasts with normal prostate epithelial cell PNT2. Expression patterns of main proteoglycans (syndecan-1, glypican-1, perlecan, aggrecan, versican, decorin, lumican, CSPG4/NG2, brevican) were determined in fibroblasts before and after co-culture with PNT2 cells using RT-PCR analysis. It was shown that after co-culture the total level of proteoglycans expression in fibroblasts was reduced by 2-fold, although the fibroblasts expressed a similar set of proteoglycans with the exception of CSPG4/NG2 (which was completely disappeared). The results suggest that normal prostate cells PNT2 affect composition and transcriptional activity of proteoglycans in PNT2-exposed fibroblasts compared with fibroblast monoculture, and this is a normal process of mutual adaptation of these cells to each other. At the next step, fibroblasts were co- cultivated with prostate cancer cells of various rate of aggressiveness (hormone-dependent non-metastatic LNCaP cells, hormone-independent metastatic PC3 and DU145 cells). Co-culture fibroblasts with LNCaP cells resulted in significant down-regulation of expression of glypican-1 and up-regulation of CSPG4/NG2 expression in the fibroblasts, changing overall proteoglycans expression pattern in the cells. Interestingly, CSPG4/NG2 expression is more characteristic for nerve cells and cancer stem cells, and up-regulation of the gene in the cancer cell-exposed fibroblasts may argue for their dedifferentiation. Co-culture fibroblasts with more aggressive DU145 and PC3 resulted in similar results with an additional down-regulation of versican expression. This data show, that prostate cancer cells affect normal fibroblasts by the other way than normal prostate cells and stimulate them to express another set of proteoglycans, which usually are expressed in poor-differentiated or morphologically different cells. Data obtained by immunocytochemical analysis confirmed RT-PCR data and showed specific activation of some proteoglycans at the region of contact between fibroblasts and normal but not cancer prostate cells in co-culture. Taken together, obtained results show that normal prostate epithelial cells affect surrounding fibroblasts and modify transcriptional activities of proteoglycan-coding genes in the cells, while cancer cells change the proteoglycans expression in cancer cells-exposed fibroblasts seems contributing to reprogramming of normal fibroblasts to CAFs. Understanding the mechanisms of this reprogramming may help to develop a new approach for cancer therapy based on the return reprogramming of CAFs to normal fibroblasts and correction of tumour microenvironment. The work was supported by the research Grant from Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Scholarship of Russian Federation President for young scientists (Suhovskih A.V.), FEBS Short Term Fellowships (AVS) and UICC International Cancer Technology Transfer Fellowships (EVG, ICR/2015/353372).

Апгрейд микробиологического микроскопа ММБ-1А NZL-M1

Basic funding for research activity in Universities for practical and research purposes is not possible to acquire a sufficient number of modern high-tech laboratory equipment. At the same time, the basic elements of laboratory equipment developed in the period 1970-1990h years (up to 50% in the Central Federal District on the results of the survey and official statements of educational institutions about the state of material and technical equipment) can be upgraded according to the modern requirements and standards. This upgrade allows to minimize the cost of funds, it is beneficial for educational institutions. At the same time, the availability of laboratory equipment, hardware capabilities of which allow to create a modern high-tech research jobs for scientists and students. In this regard, the process of upgrading of basic laboratory equipment is relevant technical and socio-economic problems. This paper describes the results of upgrading in the microbiological laboratory. Added features greatly expand the use of the microscope and modern element base allows to upgrade with minimal expense. The upgrade can be similarly applied for a large list of basic medical laboratory equipment. The proposed modernization project aimed at the implementation of the orders of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of Russia on "Development of youth policy and the active involvement of young people in scientific and technical activities".

Monetary Union is the future of EAEU

The president of Russian Federation V. Putin's Order from the 10th of March 2015 to the Government and Central Bank of Russia to work on the plan of creating Monetary Union of EAEU by the 1st of September cannot be ignored by scientific community's attention of Russia and other Eurasian countries. Strategic goal of this document is pretty clear - to create an island of currency stability in the surrounding of Jamaica's Monetary nonsystem and existing monopolar and assimetric world's dollar order, to minimize the dependency of Eurasian countries on US dollar, to hold its world expansion, to freeze the process of financing of USA imbalances by all countries, to turn back the process of dollarization of Eurasian countries and world's dollarization and relieve the world's community from future financial crises. The world's financial and economic crisis of 2008-2010 has clearly shown that US monetary, credit and banking system has become a permanent source of future turmoil of world's scale. It creates a necessity to activate the process of monetary integration of countries on the regional level and transformation of the modern Jamaica's world's dollar standard into the world's multipolar monetary standard. In this article the author analyses he stages of setting up the Eurasian regional monetary order from the creation of multilateral settlement system using common regional currency unit to the introduction of Eurasian currency system with Eurasian currency unit, which can be transformed in the future into the Eurasian Economic and monetary union with common regional currency (euras), which can restrict the world's monopoly position of the dollar.

Условия реализации внутренней миграции: правовые аспекты

During the last decades an imbalance in the territorial distribution of population in Russia is increasing. That contributes to the emergence of interethnic tensions. The article is devoted to the process of elaboration of the legal provisions that support internal migration. The author’s attention is focused on decrees of the Russian Federation President related to migration issues and the main trends of the development of legislation in this area. The author explains the necessity of legal regulation of authorities’ power in the area of migration at federal legislation level because of the influence of migration restrictions on constitutional rights of citizens. Creation of effective legal mechanisms of regulation internal migration caused by the need to account the geopolitical interests and the economic and social development of the country and possible change of priorities of trade and economic cooperation, as well as the development of import substitution. The main focus lays on the deterrents for internal migration, overcoming of which is possible by using legal means to identify priority measures. Changing the nature of records at the place of stay from permissive to notification is one of the main instruments that require clarification of the procedures and grounds of such accounting. The availability of the social infrastructure and accessible mechanisms for the use of infrastructure is also an important prerequisite for attracting labor resources. The new institution of law - renting living accommodation for social use and its impact on the development the internal migration are considered in this article as one of said prerequisites. The author has generalized factors of ethnic and religious tension and proposed measures to prevent them.

Уголовно-правовая охрана Президента Российской Федерации

Уголовно-правовая охрана Президента Российской Федерации

На Материалах «Писем во Власть»

“The Process of Reform during the Era of Perestroika and the Social Consciousness of Russian Society, from ‘Letters to the Authority’ Materials,” by Anna Dmitrievna Popova (Ryazan State University named for S. A. Yesenin): This article analyzes the transformation of Soviet public consciousness during the era of perestroika (restructuring). The authors examined letters which were sent by Soviet citizens to then President of the Russian Soviet Republic and future Russian Federation President Boris N. Yeltsin. In these letters, citizens stated their opinions about the transformation of the Soviet political and economic system during this period. The authors’ analysis of these letters reveals that the mentality of the Soviet populace was strongly influenced by its assessment of perestroika. In this public consciousness, citizens placed a large emphasis on the traditional Soviet values of equality, justice, and labor, which defined public opinions about the transformation of Soviet society during perestroika. Soviet citizens demanded that the state deal with the problem of wide-ranging privileges afforded to officials of the Communist Party, while citizens negatively estimated the freedoms in spiritual life accorded to them by the state.

Local Self-Government and State Power: From the Constitutional Separation to the Unification (Based on the Russian Federation President’s Messages)

The research subject of this article is conceptual-terminological, theoretical and logical elaboration concepts of local self-government, fixed in the Russian Federation current Constitution. We also consider the accessibility and clarity for Russian population to given constitutional concept of local self-government. Moreover the historical experience of practical implementation of its position on the Russian Federation territory is considered. The article analyzes the theoretical and practical problems associated with these problems.

Measuring the sense of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction

The spin-orbit Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction EDM=D·[s1×s2] can induce small canting of neighboring magnetic moments s1 and s2. It is also very important for multiferroics and helimagnetic MnSi-type crystals with the spiral or Skyrmionic structures. The sense of the DM vector D has been experimentally determined for the first time in canted antiferromagnetic FeBO3 crystal [1]. The technique of interference between magnetic and resonant channels in synchrotron x-ray scattering was exploited. The phase of antiferromagnetic ordering (and scattering) was fixed by external magnetic field and the phase of resonant scattering was calculated with FDMNES program. Similar experiments have been also performed for MnCO3 and CoCO3 crystals. For Fe2O3 hematite crystal, the technique of interference between magnetic and multiple diffraction channels has been used. The experimental measurements are supported by ab initio calculations of the DM interaction. The first-principles calculations have been performed with Local Density Approximation incorporating the on-site Coulomb interaction U and the Spin-Orbit coupling (LDA+U+SO) [2,3]. It was found how DM interaction depends on displacements of oxygen atoms. These experimental and theoretical approaches open up new possibilities for exploring, modeling and exploiting novel magnetic and multiferroic materials. VED and ENO are grateful to the RFBR research project No. 13-02-00760 and to the project of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences No. 24. The work of VVM is supported by the grant program of President of Russian Federation MK-5565.2013.2, the contracts of the Ministry of education and science of Russia N 14.A18.21.0076 and 14.A18.21.0889. MIK acknowledges a financial support by FOM (The Netherlands).

Classical Studies on the Acquisition of Russian as a First Language (1900–1950): An Overview

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: structuralismuniversals and language-specific featuresindividual strategiessystem and normative constraints Acknowledgements I express my gratitude to the Foundation of the President of Russian Federation for supporting this research as part of the grant SS-3433.2010.6 ‘Saint Petersburg School of Functional Grammar’. I am also thankful to J. A. Frantsuz for his generous help in improving my English. Many thanks go to the editors, I. Dabašinskienė and V. Kalėdaitė, for their numerous and helpful suggestions that were all accepted. Many thanks go to the anonymous reviewers for their numerous suggestions that I tried to follow. All remaining errors are mine. Notes 1. Most of the facts from his personal life come from oral reports given in Saint Petersburg (2003) and Cologne (2004) by Magdalena Smoczynska, who worked for several years with the archive of Baudouin de Courtenay at Jagellonian University, Krakow. I apologize if I missed some published papers by Smoczynska. Those interested may consult the materials of two Symposia in honor of Baudouin de Courtenay in Kazan (1995) and Krakow (2005). 2. Motherese, or parentese, is an informal synonym of ‘baby talk’, also referred to as ‘caretaker speech’, ‘infant-directed speech (IDS)’ or ‘child-directed speech (CDS)’. It is defined as a nonstandard form of speech used by adults in talking to toddlers and infants. It is usually delivered with a ‘cooing’ intonation pattern, shortening and simplifying of words. Most modern scholars make a difference between these concepts, using CDS or IDS for the whole linguistic ‘input’ accessible for the child, whereas ‘babytalk’ is understood as a special sociolinguistic register. According to Stephany (1985 Stephany, U. 1985. Aspekt, Tempus und Modalität. Zur Entwicklung der Verbalgrammatik in der neugriechischen Kindersprache, Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. [Google Scholar], p. 182), this distinction dates back to Beheydt (1975 Beheydt, L. 1975. Environmental Language, Language Spoken to Children, Baby Talk Preprint 29 (Department Linguistiek, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) [Google Scholar]) and Newport et al. (1977 Newport, EL, Gleitman, H and Gleitman, LR. 1977. “Mother, I’d Rather Do It Myself: Some Effects and Non-Effects of Maternal Speech Style”. In Talking to Children: Language Input and Acquisition, Edited by: Snow, CE and Ferguson, CA. 109–49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]) and was elaborated by Snow and Ferguson (1977 Snow, C. E. & Ferguson, CA. (ed.) (1977) Talking to Children: Language Input and Acquisition (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press) [Google Scholar]). However, the terminological discussion is still going on: compare the term ‘exposure language’ recently proposed by D. I. Slobin (Ravid et al. 2008 Ravid, D, Dressler, WU, Braha, N-S, Korecky-Kröll, K, Souman, A, Rehfeldt, K, Laaha, S, Bertl, J, Basbøl, H and Gillis, S. 2008. “Core Morphology in Child Directed Speech: Crosslinguistic Corpus Analysis of Noun Plurals”. In Corpora in Language Acquisition Research: History, Methods, Perspectives, Edited by: Behrens, H. 25–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. [Google Scholar], p. 26). 3. Many linguists suppose that verbs play a triggering role in the acquisition of grammar since they are central elements of the sentence. This attitude is especially characteristic of formal linguistic approaches.

P1.30 Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Expression of Chemotherapy Response Markers in Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma Nos

ABSTRACT Background Chemotherapy response is composed of drug resistance and sensitivity. Previously, we found that intratumoral heterogeneity of invasive ductal breast carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDBC NOS), presented by the different types of morphological structures (tubular, trabecular, solid, alveolar structures, and discrete groups of tumor cells) displaying architectural arrangements of tumor cells may influence on chemotherapy response (Zavyalova et al., 2008); however, the mechanism of this effect is unknown. Aim We aimed to analyze expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR) and chemosensitivity genes in the different types of morphological structures and their microenvironment of tumor in IDBC NOS. Materials and methods Tubular, trabecular, alveolar structures, and their microenvironment (local and distant) were isolated by laser microdissection PALM (Carl Zeiss, Gemany) from 10 um sections of FFPE breast tumor. The isolated and whole amplified cDNA (RNA) was used for analysis of the MDR (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC5, ABCG2, GSTP1, and MVP) and chemosensitivity (TOP1, TUBB3, and TYMS) genes by the real-time TaqMan PCR. Results As seen in Table 1, expression of the MDR and chemosensitivity genes was significantly different between both the studied types of morphological structures and their microenvironment. Moreover, we observed the interesting phenomenon consisting in the fact that different types of morphological structures and their local microenvironments are supplemented each other in expression of the MDR and chemosensitivity genes. Tubular structures had a significantly higher activity of the MDR and chemosensitivity genes in comparison with other types of morphological structures, whereas their microenvironment was fully inactive in respect of the expressing genes. In contrast, a low expression level of the MDR and chemosensitivity genes in alveolar structures was compensated by high activity of these genes in the surrounding microenvironment. Interestingly that trabecular structures displaying moderate expression of the analyzed genes had microenvironment with a similar level of activity of these genes. Conclusion Together, the data obtained demonstrates that within IDBC NOS tumor there are subclones of tumor cells and their specific microenvironment with different expression of chemotherapy response markers.The study was supported by the Russian Federation President Grant (MK-1259.2012.7) and grant of the OPTEK company.

Russian Federation President’s Prize awarded to S. V. Krivovichev

Russian Federation President’s Prize awarded to S. V. Krivovichev

Организация и технологии антикризисного социального управления (Organization and Techniques of Crisis Management)

Russian Abstract: Пособие предназначено для слушателей вечернего и заочного отделений, профессиональной переподготовки государственных служащих Российской академии государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации, а также других высших учебных заведений, подготавливающих кадры для системы государственного управления. English Abstract: The book is intended for students of evening and correspondence departments, professional training of civil servants of the Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of Russian Federation, as well as other higher education institutions that train personnel for public administration.

Оросын Ерөнхийлөгч Владимир Путины олон тулгуурт гадаад бодлогын тухай

English title: Multi-pillared foreign policy of Russian Federation's President Vladimir Putin

Les instructions du Président de la Russie. Analyse d'un instrument d'action discrétionnaire

The legal status of instructions from the Russian Federation's president is not precise; in fact, Russian legal experts and the literature consider it to be "nonexistent". Nonetheless, President Eltsine gave instructions for granting sizeable funds; and the nonexecution of these instructions may have motivated the resignation of major Federal government employees. For the Russian executive, such an instruction is a pure manifestation, extralegal but with binding force, of the head of state's decision-making power. The legal status of presidential instructions is studied herein, as well as the perception and interpretation of them by branches of the executive. The significance of these instructions in the constitutional and political context of presidential power in contemporary Russia is examined.

Chronicle

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 15, 1999 and the Decree of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan of November 2, 1999 on awards. Congratulations to Rashid Bilalovich Sagdeev.

Unglued Empire: The Soviet Experience with Communications Technologies by Gladys D. Ganley

1006 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE claim with which the authors begin and end their book. Edelcrantz’s treatise offers, they promise (p. x), “a glimpse of the world of a serious eighteenth century scholar attacking a twentieth century problem.” They conclude (p. 218) by remarking that Chappe and Edelcrantz solved the problem of signaling codes “in a way that makes it look easy” and that they did so “almost two centuries before we understood the problem well enough to recognize it as hard.” The fact that Chappe and Edelcrantz attacked the problem of signal­ ing codes makes it ipso facto an 18th-century problem, and one would like to know more about the contemporary resources in codes and cryptography on which they could draw in defining and resolv­ ing the problem. Only from that perspective can onejudge how hard it was. Michael S. Mahoney Dr. Mahoney teaches in the Program in History ofScience at Princeton University. Unglued Empire: The SovietExperience with Communications Technologies. By Gladys D. Ganley, with a foreword by Marshall I. Goldman. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, 1996. Pp. xvii+234; notes, bibliography, in­ dex. $54.95 (cloth); $24.95 (paper). That information technologies, policies, and media played an im­ portant role in the decline and ultimate demise of the USSR is well known from the works of Scott Shane, David Benn, and others. In Unglued Empire, however, Gladys Ganley recounts the saga in a dra­ matic and accessible fashion on the basis ofwide-ranging and metic­ ulous documentation. By assessing it against the backdrop of similar occurrences in other countries, she derives insights into the new challenges that modern communication technologies pose for any government that would wish to control its people by controlling in­ formation. Unglued Empire opens with a concise survey of the stagnant econ­ omy and moribund polity that Mikhail Gorbachev inherited in 1985 when he came to power in the USSR. Ganley spotlights the role that communication technologies had already begun to play in the strug­ gle between dissidents and the Communist regime. She then devotes four chapters to the effects that Gorbachev’s policies of openness (glasnost) and restructuring (perestroika) had on communications in the USSR during the next five years, focusing in turn on specific sets of media: telephone and facsimile, computers and computer networks, print media, and radio and television. A chapter on the watershed Press Law of 1990, which at least in theory replaced Com­ munist Party control of the mass media with legal regulation, sets TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 1007 the stage for a chapter on Russian Federation president Boris Yelt­ sin’s use of media and information resources in his power struggle against Gorbachev, and for another on Gorbachev’s response, an attempt to clamp down on the media. The core of Ganley’s book is her seven-chapter treatment of the August 1991 coup attempt against Gorbachev, in which hard-line opponents sought to halt the disintegration of the USSR by seizing power. Ganley details the coup conspirators’ maladroit information handling during the takeover attempt and their oddly incomplete efforts to block communication among Gorbachev, his supporters, and the outside world. She recounts the breathtaking accomplish­ ments ofYeltsin and his allies in spreading the word about unfolding events, by means of telephone, fax, and e-mail; by alternative and makeshift radio and television facilities; by relay through Western media and news services; by photocopying or clandestine printing of banned newspapers; and by surreptitious transmission ofproscribed information through broadcasts and publications permitted by the junta. She tells the now-familiar but always gripping story ofhow the captive Gorbachev, with phone lines cut, relied on Western radio services to learn what was happening and on smuggled-out video tapes to send what would have been his final message if he had been killed. Ganley concludes her study with a chapter on the dissolution of the USSR in the aftermath of the coup, which offers her reflec­ tions on the difficulty that modern communications technologies now clearly pose for governments anywhere that seek to control in­ formation flow unless they possess the political will and resources to do so thoroughly and by force. Unglued Empire is not a...

There Are More Than a Million Handicapped Children in Russia

A presidential edict dated 12 July 1994 abolished the Russian Federation President's Coordinating Committee for Handicapped Affairs. From now on, the Ministry of Social Security will be in charge of handicapped children's affairs. Our correspondent attended a press conference given by A. I. Osadchikh, the deputy minister of social security. It is clear from his remarks that the country's handicapped need immediate help from the state. To this day there is no federal program for problems of the handicapped, no federal system of accounting and reporting. Numbers of handicapped persons are estimated on the basis of aggregate statistics from various departments.

15. In the Case of the Verification of the Constitutionality of Edict No. 1308 of the President of the Russian Federation of 28 October 1992 “On Measures to Protect the Constitutional Order of the Russian Federation”

15. In the Case of the Verification of the Constitutionality of Edict No. 1308 of the President of the Russian Federation of 28 October 1992 “On Measures to Protect the Constitutional Order of the Russian Federation”

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

A congressional inquiry to the Department of State concerned the practice of signing documents such as the Trilateral Statement concluded at Moscow on January 14, 1994, by President William J. Clinton, Russian Federation President Boris Yeltsin, and Ukraine President Leonid M. Kravchuk and the status of such documents under both United States and international law and practice.