Preservation Of Historical Memory Research Articles

Unified History Textbook: Preservation of Historical Memory in the Context of a National Strategic Priority

Unified History Textbook: Preservation of Historical Memory in the Context of a National Strategic Priority

Celebration of the five-year anniversary of the restoration of Soviet power in Yeniseysk Governorate

The subject of the study is the process of preparing and holding celebrations on the occasion of the five-year anniversary of the restoration of Soviet power in Yenisei Governorate. For any political regime the theme of legitimisation of power plays a great importance. One of the important indicators of this phenomenon are holidays, which consolidate society, and also influence the formation and consolidation of historical memory. This can be traced back to the formation of the Soviet holiday calendar. The theme of the Civil War was of great importance to the Bolshevik government as an example of demonstrating the victory of the new power. In this regard, the first five-year anniversary was to emphasise the final consolidation of the Soviet political regime. The article draws attention to the peculiarities of determining the date of celebration, which is connected with the step-by-step process of restoring Soviet power in the territory of Siberia. Minusinsk it was 13 September 1924, Krasnoyarsk - 6 January 1925. The single day of the holiday was 14 December 1924 - the day of liberation of Novonikolaevsk. The methodology of this work is based on a sociocultural approach and the preservation of historical memory. The methodology of this work is based on the socio-cultural approach, based on the idea of "dialogue of the past" and the preservation of historical memory. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the attraction of a wide range of sources to cover the little-studied fact in the context of the formation of the regional holiday component. The result of the study is the reconstruction of events related to the preparation and holding of festive events in honour of the five-year anniversary of the restoration of Soviet power in Yenisei Governorate in 1924-1925.

Маршрути пам'яті у сучасному туристичному вимірі

This article is devoted to memory routes, which open up new opportunities for the tourism industry by transforming ordinary routes into educational and cultural tools. Integrating them into the tourist space enriches visitors' perception of history and culture, while also emphasizing the importance of an ethical approach to presenting historical events. Such routes not only enhance cultural tourism but also contribute to the formation of national identity and the preservation of historical memory. The article explores the role of memory routes in modern tourism. It identifies the content and place of memory routes in tourism from the perspective of various concepts such as cultural tourism, route tourism, cultural routes, and heritage routes. Memory routes are considered as a type of heritage route, specific tourist paths based on landmarks associated with historical events, significant locations, or figures that played a crucial role in shaping national or cultural identity. The integration of such routes into the tourism space and their impact on visitors' perception of history and cultural heritage are analyzed. Special attention is given to the concept of historical memory and the ethical aspects of presenting events as the basis for route formation. The importance of memory routes for shaping national identity and historical memory is emphasized.

Legal grounds for the rehabilitation of the victims of soviet totalitarism in the 1950s

Purpose. The purpose of the publication is to establish the number of victims of Soviet totalitarianism, as well as to characterize the social and legal conditions of the process of rehabilitation of repressed persons in the 1950s. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was a set of principles of historicism, objectivity, as well as general scientific, special scientific and philosophical methods. Results. It was established that the process of rehabilitation of victims of mass repressions had no specific legal prerequisites, it was an exclusively politically determined action aimed on the one hand at the elimination of opponents in the process of the struggle for power after the death of J.Stalin. The historical prerequisites of rehabilitation are determined by a long-term and systematic government policy aimed at physical restriction and liquidation of certain categories of people who were accused of «political crimes». It was established that the first attempt at rehabilitation, which took place in 1939-1940s, was a selective amnesty for certain categories of persons who were serving sentences. At the same time, this amnesty did not apply to Ukrainians serving sentences for political crimes. The real process of rehabilitation began after the death of J.Stalin in 1953. From a legal point of view, the rehabilitation was half-hearted. Legally, the majority of persons who were amnestied in the 1950s became rehabilitated only after 30-40 or more years. Originality. Statistical information on the number of victims of Stalinist repressions is given, and legal approaches to the rehabilitation of victims in the 1950s are also analyzed. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used for the preparation of lectures and special courses on the history of the state and law, popularization of the historical past, preservation of historical memory and condemnation of the actions of Soviet leaders.

Lessons of liberation struggles and legal ideas of Ukrainians in the 19th century for today

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to characterize the main ideological currents and legal doctrines of the 19th century, as well as to identify positive practices for improving the legal awareness and legal culture of Ukrainians in today's conditions. In view of the fact that in the 19th century the ideas of sobornost - the unity of ethnic Ukrainian lands were formed, the ideas of republicanism and people's rule were developed, some of these ideas should be included in the basis of the legal ideology of today. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was the principles of historicism, objectivity, complexity, a problem-chronological approach, as well as a complex of general scientific, special scientific and philosophical methods. Results. It has been established that for Ukrainians, a combination of various worldviews and state legal ideas is traditional, in particular liberalism, conservatism, social democracy, and nationalism itself (it took shape as a separate movement only in the 1920s and 1930s). The historically formed pluralism of views regarding the solution of social, economic and political issues has always been characterized by the dominance of a single idea - the unity of ethnic Ukrainian lands and the establishment of a sovereign state on their territory. Therefore, the idea of ethnic unity, a single state Ukrainian language, preservation of historical memory should not be a condition, but an obligation in the conditions of existence of the modern state of Ukraine. Freedom of speech, people's rule, as well as Christian ethics and morality are the main and traditional values characteristic of the Ukrainian state-legal opinion. The protection of these values takes place in today's conditions. Originality. Historically determined conceptual approaches to the understanding of the state, which were formed in the 19th century, have been identified. and can be included in the modern legal ideology of Ukraine. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

Казаки-эмигранты в Чехословакии в 1921–1939 годах

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to analyze key aspects of the lives and details of Cossack emigrants in the Czechoslovak Republic (ČSR). Methods and materials. Within the research process, the author relied mainly on the following methods: narrative, historical-genetic, comparative-historical, and the method of analogies. The sources used were regulatory legal acts and office documents of the government and several ministries of the Czechoslovak Republic, speeches by individual representatives of the Czechoslovak ruling circles, documents of various organizations and societies, orders and decrees of army atamans, periodical press materials, and sources of private origin. Analysis. Most Cossacks moved to Czechoslovakia from Turkey and Greece, where they ended up after the evacuation from Crimea. The organization of the Cossacks’ move to Czechoslovakia was carried out mainly by public associations and societies. The first part of the Cossacks arrived in Czechoslovakia in June 1921. By the beginning of 1922, about 3,000 Cossacks were stationed on the territory of Czechoslovakia. The Cossacks received great support as part of the campaign to help Russian refugees. Within Czechoslovakia, the Cossacks formed public associations in the form of villages and khutors, as well as workers’ artels, in order to obtain and perform various jobs. Most Cossacks living in Czechoslovakia were involved in agriculture. Atamans of Cossack troops tried in every possible way to counteract the assimilation of Cossacks. Many Cossacks, after getting an education, were trying to leave Czechoslovakia for other states, mainly for France. Results. A comparative analysis showed that the Cossacks generally adapted more easily to the conditions of life in the position of an emigrant than most representatives of other parts of the Russian emigration. At the same time, the problem of assimilation among the Cossacks was sometimes quite acute and required the adoption of effective measures by their leaders. One of these measures was the popularization among the Cossacks of facts from their historical past and the preservation of historical memory. Not least, it was contributed by the Cossack historical commissions and archives.

Modern activities of cultural volunteers in the preservation of historical memory

The article analyzes the activities of young volunteers aimed at restoring, preserving, conserving, and popularizing monuments of regional significance. Modern public activity, including volunteering, is getting younger. By 2020, almost 3 million people participated in social activities in various areas, of which about 300,000 were students and postgraduates of higher educational institutions. The paper considers the case of the activity at the Pyatigorsk Necropolis, one of the main events of the regional volunteer orientation of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

Добровольчество как практика воспитания активного гражданина в системе государственной молодежной политики

The article examines the institutional foundations and practices of civic activity development in the volunteer movement. Based on the concept of citizenship three levels of civic qualities formation in the volunteering sys-tem are considered: cognitive, value-motivational and behavioral-instrumental. The institutional practices of volunteering at the present stage are analyzed in the context of interaction between state structures and civil society organizations, in particular, the formation of cultural identity, assistance to people in difficult life situa-tions, patriotic education, the preservation of historical memory, etc. Three levels of interaction between key actors of volunteering development aimed at shaping the citizenship of Russian youth are defined: design and infrastructural support of volunteering; mobilization of public resources and development of volunteer practic-es; expansion of youth involvement through the popularization and development of volunteer practices.

PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL MEMORY IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY: TO THE QUESTION OF CURRENT LEGISLATION

At present, the protection of the national interests of the Russian Federation, which is forced to respond to foreign policy challenges, is of particular importance. One of the most important factors ensuring the unity and consolidation of Russian society within the country is the preservation of the continuity of spiritual and moral values and the protection of historical truth. This issue is beginning to become more and more relevant in federal legislation: from amending the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020 to the adoption of orders and concepts developed by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the implementation of which will begin in September 2023. Within the framework of the article, we consider the legal foundations of state policy, the key goals and principles of the transfer of traditional Russian values, measures taken to preserve historical memory, and characterize the vector of development of current legislation on the topic under study. In the course of the analysis of normative legal acts, we used system-structural and system methods, which involve working with legislation as a hierarchical, precisely built and closely interconnected system. Such normative legal acts as the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, federal subordinate normative legal acts, which in-clude decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, were used. Based on the results of the work done, the author comes to the conclusion that the current legislation on the preservation of historical memory in modern Russian society is a single, clearly built and closely interconnected system of normative legal acts that reflect the general vector of development of modern state policy.

МОРАЛЬНІ ІМПЕРАТИВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ НАЦІЇ: ДОВІРА ТАЛЮДЯНІСТЬ

The moral factors of the formation of the modern Ukrainian political nation are investigated. State policy is determined by the national interests of the entire society, ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens. For the formation of a consolidated political nation, the following are important: statehood, democratic system, common interests, preservation of historical memory, establishment of social harmony, tolerance and consensus. The traced foundation of Ukrainian national unity is trust and humanity in relations. In traditional culture, relations between people were based on the principles of trust, responsibility, obligation, respect, goodness and justice, collective concern for one’s neighbor, and devotion to the native land. Foreign insult imposed a foreign matrix of behavior in Ukraine, the canons of which were treason and service to the authorities, deception, hatred of others and contempt for the weak, which significantly affected the completeness and content of the moral imperatives of Ukrainianism. Particular attention is paid to the categories of trust and betrayal: the first appears to be a tiresome source of growth of the unity of the nation, the second is its destroyer and a means of increasing the resource potential of the aggressors. Emphasis is placed on the functions of the main forms of moral imperatives — value and consolidation: in the first case, we are talking about integrating ties within the ethnic group and its subsystems, in the second — the synergy of interpersonal positive relationships based on trust, understanding and mutual assistance between moral subjects.

ПРИГРАНИЧНЫЙ РЕГИОН В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА (ПРИМЕР ОРЕНБУРЖЬЯ)

The article considers integration processes in the Eurasian space, in particular – the development of economic, environmental, cultural, scientific and educational relations between the border regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the example of the Orenburg oblast of Russia. It is noted that cooperation with transboundary neighbours is based on the agreements between the border regions on trade, economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation concluded in the first post-Soviet decades. There is a description of a number of joint projects being implemented by the border regions. The author analyzes activities of educational and scientific institutions and public organizations in enhancing humanitarian cooperation between the regions of the two countries. Particular attention is paid to the Orenburg State University and the autonomous non-profit organization “Commonwealth of Eurasian Nations”. In addition, the article highlights educational migration to the Orenburg region, including factors contributing to its increase (opportunities for free education, social guarantees, etc.). The article discusses positive practices of cooperation between higher education institutions in the region and higher education institutions in neighbouring regions on the preservation of historical memory, as well as the prospects of cooperation between scholars of the two countries in the study of common history. New practices in work with young people are described (organization of International Russian-Kazakh Schools of Young Historians, Archaeologists and Ethnologists).

Young Scholars Conference “Slavic World: Community and Diversity”. Moscow, 23–24 May 2023. Section “History”

On May 23–24, 2023, a regular conference for young scholars was held, dedicated to the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture. As with the previous events, the conference was held in a mixed format: at the Institute of Slavic Studies and on the ZOOM platform. The History section was attended by young scholars from various cities of Russia and abroad: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Kazan, Rostov-on-Don, Prešov (Slovakia) and Pécs (Hungary). The papers covered a wide range of issues of the history of Slavic countries and peoples, from the early Middle Ages to the beginning of the XXI century. The participants of the conference touched upon the problems of national identity, borders and frontiers, preservation of historical memory, international relations, as well as issues of cultural history of Slavic peoples. The authors involved a wide range of sources in their work, including medieval literature, diplomatic and archival documents, as well as newspaper and magazine articles. Most of the reports aroused the interest of the audience and led to lively discussions. The discussion was attended not only by the participants of the conference, but also by the scholars of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, many of whom also acted as moderators of individual subsections. Thus, as in previous years, the conference of young scholars «Slavic World: Community and Diversity» served as a good platform for the exchange of experience and the establishment of closer ties between various scientific institutions. The proceedings of the conference will be summed up in a published collection of abstracts.

ОМСКИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ ЧТЕНИЯ–2022: ОПЫТ МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОГО ДИАЛОГА

This article is an author's analytical review that tells about the work of the conference «Omsk Social and Humanitarian Readings-2022», held on March 22–24 in the city of Omsk. The key presentations made are highlighted. Particular attention was paid to understanding the most dynamic and relevant parts of the discussion platform: the plenary session of the conference, as well as the thematic final event — the round table «The Religious Factor in Russia during the Civil War: Phenomenon, Significance and Regional Specificity». Interest in the work of the described scientific event is due to a number of circumstances. First, changes in the foreign policy situation have actualized the appeal to historical plots, mass consciousness and sociological research. Secondly, the conference became one of the first major events held in person. Thirdly, the conference was organized by three higher educational institutions, which is a reflection of the establishment of close contacts and the possibility of collaboration between representatives of the scientific community. The conference raised the problems of the development of sociological research and institutions, the formation and preservation of historical memory, in particular about the Great Patriotic War, intercultural communications, the impact of social networks and the transformation of a person's private space, the influence of church and religion on the development of a split in Russian society during the Civil War and many other topics. One of the outcomes of the conference was the formation of a common vision of scientists on the need for a methodological synthesis of the humanities. The methodological basis of the work was the problem-chronological method. This review is of interest to specialists in the study of the history of historical science, historical memory, intercultural communications, cultural anthropology and other problems of socio- humanitarian knowledge.

САМБЕК − ФЕНОМЕН ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ

Objective of the study is to identify the influence of historical memory and civic solidarity on the construction of the National Military-Historical Museum complex of the Great Patriotic War “Sambek Heights”. The methodological basis of the research. The research was carried out on the basis of the analysis of historical sources, scientific research, archival documents and materials of the National Military-Historical Museum complex of the Great Patriotic War “Sambek Heights”. Research results. In the recent history of Russia, specifically in the Rostov region, a grandiose patriotic event took place, brought to life precisely by powerful civil solidarity, in turn, brought to life by phenomenal historical memory. On August 30, 2020, the People's Military-Historical Museum Complex of the Great Patriotic War “Sambek Heights” was inaugurated. The complex stunned the guests who poured here from all over the country with its power and scale. The breadth of history coverage. Perhaps the fact is that it was very correctly conceived and implemented exactly according to the plan. But I got into the solar plexus of today's society. Its creators have received prestigious awards at professional competitions. But the most important reward was the response of people who began to transfer priceless relics to the museum, where five years ago there was not a single exhibit. Prospects of the study are connected with further research of the influence of material and spiritual monuments on the preservation of historical memory and the cultural and historical landscape of the Rostov region and other regions of Russia, as well as the transmission of traditional patriotic values to the next generations.

Preserving the historical truth about the Great Patriotic war as a state task

In this article, the authors consider the problem of preserving the historical truth about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. and the task of countering attempts to falsify the history of the war. First of all, attention is drawn to the already accomplished facts of the establishment of a policy of falsification of history by the Western powers, which is fixed at the legislative level. Further, the shortcomings of modern education in the preservation of historical memory and the importance of regulating the Internet environment in this matter are pointed out. In conclusion, measures are proposed that will help preserve the historical truth about the Great Patriotic War.

Spiritual and patriotic education of modern youth by means of folk art culture

The article is devoted to analysis and generalization of spiritual and patriotic education of the young generation with the help of means of folk artistic culture. The appeal to the popular traditions and customs of his country contributes to the formation of love for his Fatherland and a sense of duty to the Motherland. The relevance of the work is due to the appeal of the Government of Russia to the issue of patriotic education of young people, as well as the interest of researchers to the problem under consideration. The author allocates funds and methods of addressing popular culture in high school lessons, as well as in classes with student youth. The author concludes that the means of folk artistic culture contribute to the growth of conscious citizens, patriots of their country.With the help of folk art culture, it is possible to transfer the accumulated social and cultural experience to the younger generation, accumulate and broadcast folk traditions and customs, ensuring a close relationship between the past and the future of your country. However, it should be noted that the younger generation is not fully familiar with the customs and traditions of their people. The article reveals the importance of attracting the younger generation to the celebration of Folk Orthodox holidays, contributes to the enrichment and preservation of historical memory, the formation of religious, cultural and moral and ethical foundations of folk art culture.

ПОЛИТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

The article presents an important area of research into the formation of civic identity in the younger generation, where the focus is put on the personality and features of forming and developing civil consciousness in a situation of socio-economic and political instability caused by transformation processes in all spheres of life in modern Russia. The article aims at a political scientific analysis of the socio-cultural factors in the formation of the civil identity of the young Russians during the period of social and cultural transformation in modern Russia. The article emphasizes the role of state power in the development of civil consciousness of the Russians (educational and youth policy), presents a study to identify factors that influence the formation of civic identity, according to teachers of educational establishments and university lecturers. The issue of the Internet influence on the developing personality is outlined, as the features of the online social communications era are the displacement of the traditional value scale and fundamental social structures of personal development, constant “experimentation” of the younger generation's own identity, the predominance of the subjective component of identity in the overall structure of the younger generation's self-consciousness. Therefore, family, education, youth policy of the state, and public institutions are the space of systemic formation of the youth civic identity, aimed at the preservation of historical memory, culture, and traditions of the state. The author proves that only systemic integration of all subjects in the country's civil society development, while in the long period of transformation, as well as the interaction of all participants of the process in the integral national system of forming the civic identity of the young Russians, will allow to have a developed, active and stable civil society.

Linguocultural Features of the Representation of the Great Victory Anniversary by the Sputnik Agency (Russia Today)

The research examined linguocultural features of media coverage of the Great Victory anniversary the Sputnik agency (Russia Today). The purpose of the study was to determine, from the standpoint of linguistic cultural studies, the key images that formed the media. The object of the research is the materials of three editions of the Sputnik agency (Sputnik Polska, Sputnik International, Sputnik Türkiye), the geography of distribution and the composition of the audience of which reflect differentiated linguocultures. A set of methods is used: content analysis; contextual analysis, comparative analysis, case study. The empirical base was made up of publications dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, posted on the websites of the editorial offices of Sputnik Polska, Sputnik International, Sputnik Türkiye. Sample type: solid. Chronological scope of the study: April 15 — May 15, 2020. Based on the results of the study, we concluded that the nature of representation is directly related to linguocultural characteristics and is due to historical, political and sociocultural preconditions. At the same time, all editions are united by the commonality of the constructed images: Victory Day (attitudes towards victory over fascism in the international arena); nations (both winners and losers); preservation of historical memory. The presence or absence of certain stable linguistic units depends on the cultural and ethnic specifics of the audience. The greatest efficiency from the standpoint of the implementation of international broadcasting activities (transmission of cultural codes and meanings) is achieved in a situation of a common / close mentality, interaction of ethnic groups and territorial proximity.

Elements of polish culture in belarus as a constituent of the tourist potential of the stańkowo town

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The paper presents the tourist potential on the example of the small town of Stankava (Polish name: Stańkowo) in the Minsk Oblast in Belarus. Materials and methods: The research was conducted by means of the diagnostic survey method using the questionnaire as an author’s tool in 2019. The research sample comprised 196 respondents – inhabitants and tourists (including 142 women and 54 men). Results: The results of the research show that Stankava is a naturally and culturally attractive tourist area referring to the history of the former borderlands of Poland with an unused development potential. However, in the opinion of respondents, actions of local authorities regarding the preservation of historical memory and the tourist promotion of the town by means of available resources are on a very low level. When assessing the tourist infrastructure, they indicated the lack of tourist trails, services, accommodation facilities and food outlets. The insufficient marking of existing attractions and historically important places was noticed, too. In the tourists’ view, natural and cultural objects are the most important attraction during holiday in the place under analysis. Conclusions: In order to make fuller use of the tourist potential of the town, it is necessary to develop its tourist and recreational infrastructure and to increase the role of tourism and recreation in the development policy of local authorities.

TRANSFORMATION OF HOLIDAYS DURING THE DEMO-CRATIC TRANSIT OF SPAIN AS A CONSEQUENCE OF DEMOCRATIZATION OF SOCIETY

The article analyzes the impact of democratic transit on the transformation of historical memory in Spain. For a more detailed study, the author chose the holiday as an object that can be changed due to the widespread democratization of society. The author emphasizes that he considers the holiday as an element that contributes to the preservation of historical memory. The study confirms that the holiday is indeed an important element in the process of not only preserving historical memory, but also in the process of its transformation. In the article, the author divides the holidays into national, religious and regional in accordance with the impact on the functioning of society. The study shows that regional holidays are most vulnerable in conditions of democratic transit, as they are not always dedicated to "democratic" episodes of the history of Spain. Also, the regional holiday mostly reflects the national identity of the region, while the national holiday promotes the integration and universalization of world values. At the end of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the holiday is a kind of identifier of the depth of transformations in society: the more serious and dynamic the transformations, the greater the changes are subject to regional traditional holidays. The discourse that has developed around some of the fundamental provisions of the regional holidays speaks of a conflict between the adherents of the" old "and"new order". According to the study, the emerging discourse has achieved changes in the external regulations of traditional holidays in accordance with the standards of a democratic society. In conclusion, the idea is that the introduced external changes can in the future affect the perception of history by younger generations, which will steadily lead to the deepest changes in the formation of the historical memory of Spain.