Preservation Of Cultural Property Research Articles

청주시 미래유산 선정에 관한 비판적 고찰 -근대 건축물을 중심으로-

Cheongju City will initiate the designation of future heritage sites in 2023 by compiling and announcing a list of the selected sites. The concept of future heritage was first introduced in Seoul in 2013 as a means of preserving and transmitting cultural heritage to future generations. This initiative addresses cultural elements that may not receive institutional protection under the existing academic and historical values outlined in the Cultural Property Preservation Act, which has been in place since the introduction of registered cultural property in 2001. The list of future heritage sites chosen by Cheon정주연gju City predominantly features modern buildings. As the scope of existing registered cultural properties has expanded from point-by-point designation and management to area-by-area designation, the process of designating future heritage sites should be institutionally enhanced. This enhancement involved emphasizing individual buildings, their associated cultural heritage values, and the facilities surrounding these structures. For the ongoing management and utilization of Cheong-ju's future heritage, there is a need to diversify the channels through which future heritage objects can be recommended. In Addition, establishing a system and organization to archive designated future heritage sites is crucial. This archive can be utilized to strengthen the local characteristics and identity of Cheongju.

Improving the FAIRness of Japanese Archaeological Grey Literature

In Japan, archaeology is predominantly an administrative pursuit, with only 15,261 research-driven excavations compared to 331,574 rescue excavations linked to development projects from 1976 to 2022. This approach operates within a broader framework focused on protecting archaeological sites, part of a larger cultural property preservation program governed by the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties. The law emphasizes both the preservation and utilization of cultural properties, with protection encompassing these activities. Administrative tasks, including excavation, analysis, selection, repair, public sharing, museum display, and preservation, constitute a cyclical process of cultural property management. The decentralized administrative structure involves the national-level Agency for Cultural Affairs and local boards of education at prefectural and municipal levels. Notably, 95% of excavations over the past fifty years were conducted by administrative agencies as part of cultural property preservation. Fieldwork reports are considered the end-products of excavations, crucial for disseminating results and claiming common ownership. However, due to decentralization, the production and dissemination of grey literature in Japanese archaeology lack coherent management. Initiatives like the Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan (SORAN) aim to enhance the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability (FAIRness) of Japanese archaeological grey literature.

Machine learning and engineering feature approaches to detect events perturbing the indoor microclimate in Ringebu and Heddal stave churches (Norway)

PurposeClimate-induced damage is a pressing problem for the preservation of cultural properties. Their physical deterioration is often the cumulative effect of different environmental hazards of variable intensity. Among these, fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity may cause nonrecoverable physical changes in building envelopes and artifacts made of hygroscopic materials, such as wood. Microclimatic fluctuations may be caused by several factors, including the presence of many visitors within the historical building. Within this framework, the current work is focused on detecting events taking place in two Norwegian stave churches, by identifying the fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity caused by the presence of people attending the public events.Design/methodology/approachThe identification of such fluctuations and, so, of the presence of people within the churches has been carried out through three different methods. The first is an unsupervised clustering algorithm here termed “density peak,” the second is a supervised deep learning model based on a standard convolutional neural network (CNN) and the third is a novel ad hoc engineering feature approach “unexpected mixing ratio (UMR) peak.”FindingsWhile the first two methods may have some instabilities (in terms of precision, recall and normal mutual information [NMI]), the last one shows a promising performance in the detection of microclimatic fluctuations induced by the presence of visitors.Originality/valueThe novelty of this work stands in using both well-established and in-house ad hoc machine learning algorithms in the field of heritage science, proving that these smart approaches could be of extreme usefulness and could lead to quick data analyses, if used properly.

ЖИВАЯ ЭТИКА КАК ФИЛОСОФСКОЕ ОСНОВАНИЕ ПАКТА РЕРИХА

The paper demonstrates the intrinsic connection between the Roerich Pact - the first international treaty on the protection of cultural property in peace-time and in time of armed conflicts, and the philosophic system of the Living Ethics. The Pact was initiated by the outstanding Russian thinker, artist, scholar and public figure Nicholas Roerich whereas the Living Ethics was created by Helena Roerich and Nicholas Roerich in cooperation with the spiritual Teachers of the East, and it represents a synthesis of the Eastern philosophy and the Russian cosmism. According to the Living Ethics, culture is the foundation and the driving force of the evolution of humanity, it is also the basis for lasting peace in the world. Nicholas Roerich’s concept of culture-which is based on the ideas of the Living Ethics-not only draws a clear line of distinction between culture and civilization, it also substantiates the necessity of according priority to culture in its interrelation with civilization. The principle of priority of culture is implemented in the Roerich Pact: this international treaty provides for unconditional protection of cultural property in times of armed conflict (priority of culture over military necessity), and in peacetime it accords priority to culture (education, science, arts and spirituality) in the internal policies of the countries, which means in particular priority of funding of the cultural, scientific and educational institutions. The main objective of the Roerich Pact is the preservation of cultural property. According to the Living Ethics the preservation of the material objects of culture means the preservation of the energy of culture (the latter is the foundation for the evolution of mankind), for energy does not exist without matter. Cultural heritage which has accumulated in itself the creative luminiferous power of thought of its great creators is of paramount importance for improvement of society and for overcoming the deep-running contemporary crises and particularly the main one of them - the moral crisis. The destruction of cultural objects and consequently of the very space wherein culture exists inevitably brings about the domination of pseudoculture which resonates with the low instincts of the human being and leads to the swelling of egotism, aggression and mass predatory consumption. True culture, true art, and science elevated by ethics contribute for the development of the inner spiritual strength of the human being, for the flowering of her/his creative potential and therefore for the advancement of humanity on the ladder of its cosmic evolution.

Preventive conservation as an tool of preservation of cultural property

Preventive conservation as an tool of preservation of cultural property

Accessing World Heritage sites from home Digital technologies for remote interpretation and monitoring

Digital technologies are proving to be a key component in dealing with the current Coronavirus pandemic worldwide. World Heritage sites raise unique concerns. How can digital technologies be applied to support remote access for staff and visitors, site monitoring and risk reduction while access is limited, and, eventually, ensure safe re-entry to these important places? The World Heritage Convention is the most powerful international instrument that integrates the concepts of nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties in a single document.

Characteristics of Groundwater Level Fluctuation Due to Groundwater Reservoir for Water Dispute Resolution in Ulsan, Korea

In the Ulsan area, dam development was actively promoted for large-scale industrial and population growth, but the conflict between cultural property preservation and securing water supply security became a longstanding social issue since the discovery of the Bangudae petroglyphs in the Sayeon dam submerged area. This study aims to analyze groundwater level fluctuation in the surrounding area of the Ulsan Teahwa river to evaluate if the groundwater reservoir installed at the mid-stream of the river can resolve water shortage problem in the Ulsan Metropolitan city while preserving the Bangudae petroglyphs. The results show that a water intake facility with the capacity of 30,000㎥/day installed in groundwater reservoir is expected to ensure water intake all year long. It is also estimated that the groundwater level decreases by at least 0.3m in an area within a radius of about 650m from the facility. The groundwater reservoir installed at the mid-stream of the Teahwa river is expected to make up the shortage amount of water due to the reduction of water level for preserving the Bangudae petroglyphs, which could resolve the existing water disputes in Ulsan, Korea.

CUSTOMS CASE IS A CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION TOOL

The relevance of this article is that the study of centuries-old history proves that customs policy has always been and remains an integral part of the preservation of cultural property. Firstly, one of the most important tasks of any state is to preserve the values of national culture. Secondly, the customs authorities protect the state from smuggling of cultural heritage. Thirdly, as a special type of product, cultural property can be imported into the country and exported outside its borders under the strict control of state bodies. «Culture is the reflection of nation, its soul, intelligence and nobility. Civilized people is proud of its history, development of culture, great people that brought fame to the state and made a great contribution in the golden fund of world achievements of thoughts and art. It is by means of culture and traditions that nation becomes famous». He principle of historicism was a leading approach for research of this problem, which requires consideration of any historical material in its dynamics, reveal as specific feature of each phenomena as factors causing it.

THE CULTURAL VALUES OF THE GIFTED PERSONALITY IN THEIR TRADITIONAL AND PLURAL REPRESENTATIONS

The purpose of the work is to determine the typological features of a gifted person from the standpoint of its participation in traditional and innovative cultural and artistic activities. Methodology of the research is based on application of activity, critical-analytical, structural-functional and subject-axiological approach to revealing the specialization and existing reciprocity between different types of traditional and innovative cultural and artistic activities, to study the cultural values of gifted personality in traditional and plural representations. The scientific novelty of the work lies in identification of the specialization and the existing reciprocity between different types of traditional and innovative cultural and artistic activities; in defining the typology of people involved in the creation, dissemination and preservation of cultural property; in the study of the cultural values of gifted personality in traditional and plural representations. Conclusion. Based on the specialization and the existing reciprocity between different types of traditional and innovative cultural and artistic activities, the spiritual, intellectual, creative and entrepreneurial abilities of a gifted person involved in it, we identified six types of people: the creators of cultural values that create artistic culture and television products; substantial figures, who perform a certain prognostic function in society; people of real action, who are involved in the organization and development of the material infrastructure of culture (in these three types of cultural values are represented predominantly in traditional representations); virtual fashion designers, who display a predominantly postmodern view of the world and simulate virtual reality; merchants with essential goods engaged in the production of material goods and their timely delivery to consumers (these two types are dominated by plural representations of cultural values); a progression that seeks to tighten the cultural development of society to a higher level (its cultural values are represented both in traditional and plural representations). Defined representations of the cultural values of gifted personality direct scientists to deepen the idea of self-identification of a person in cultural and artistic activity.

Preservation of Cultural Property and Materials Life in the Past Thirty Years

Preservation of Cultural Property and Materials Life in the Past Thirty Years

The Activities of the Prosecutor’s Office to Ensure Lawfulness in the Implementation of State Cultural Policy

In article the main directions of the state cultural policy are considered. The characteristic is given to the main activities of bodies of prosecutor’s office for law enforcement in the course of realization of the state cultural policy. It is shown that activities of bodies of prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation for law enforcement in the sphere of culture are the most important instrument for ensuring of preservation of cultural property and cultural development of Russia now in interests of the real and future generations of the people of the Russian Federation that is caused by possibility of use by bodies of prosecutor’s office of powers inherent in them and legal means. The conclusion about possibility of inclusion of activities for law enforcement in realization of the state cultural policy in the Russian Federation to number of the priority directions in activity of prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation is drawn.

Conservation and Preservation of Cultural Properties Based on Spiritual Materials

Conservation and Preservation of Cultural Properties Based on Spiritual Materials

Automatic large-scale three dimensional modeling using cooperative multiple robots

3D modeling of real objects by a 3D laser scanner has become popular in many applications, such as reverse engineering of petrochemical plants, civil engineering and construction, and digital preservation of cultural properties. Despite the development of lightweight and high-speed laser scanners, the complicated measurement procedure and long measurement time are still heavy burdens for widespread use of laser scanning. To solve these problems, a robotic 3D scanning system using multiple robots has been proposed. This system, named CPS-SLAM, consists of a parent robot with a 3D laser scanner and child robots with target markers. A large-scale 3D model is acquired by an on-board 3D laser scanner on the parent robot from several positions determined precisely by a localization technique, named the Cooperative Positioning System (CPS), that uses multiple robots. Therefore, this system can build a 3D model without complicated post-processing procedures such as ICP. In addition, this system is an open-loop SLAM system and a very precise 3D model can be obtained without closed loops. This paper proposes an automatic planning technique for a laser measurement by using CPS-SLAM. Planning a proper scanning strategy depending on a target structure makes it possible to perform laser scanning efficiently and accurately even for a large-scale and complex environment. The proposed technique plans an efficient scanning strategy automatically by taking account of several criteria, such as visibility between robots, error accumulation, and efficient traveling. We conducted computer simulations and outdoor experiments to verify the performance of the proposed technique.

Wooden heritage buildings and preventing them against fire

The protection of wooden heritage buildings against fire, biodeterioration, robbery and vandalism is one of the most important tasks in the field of cultural property preservation. In Poland and other European countries, the most popular wood-made objects are historical wooden churches (Catholic and Orthodox ones), rural huts, cottages, sheds, barns and wooden wind mills which are like open air museums. Wood is the most common raw material that was used for the construction of these objects since ancient times. Generally these wooden objects are wholly combustible, they are mostly located beyond towns and difficult to guard and exposed to risk of setting on fire. Not everywhere there is a sufficient supply of water from water tanks and fire hydrant network. Moreover, there is a lack of good access ways for fire brigade vehicles and no fire detecting systems were installed in many of these objects. Unfortunately, fire retardant application is insufficient or totally absent in these heritage buildings. This manuscript presents general possibilities of the application of modern technology of fire retardancy systems intended for the protection the heritage objects against fire disaster. None or only minimal influence on an ancient object wood is the advantage of the above systems. The fire safety strategy for wooden buildings and historical sites requires an agreement and compromise between the point of view of art. Historians and conservators and that of fire-fighting experts.

From Cultural Property to Cultural Data: The Multiple Dimensions of “Ownership” in a Global Digital Age

Abstract:The global digital environment and the continuous expansion of digital information about cultural property necessitate a reevaluation of John Henry Merryman’s tripartite typology of cultural property ideals. Merryman put forth those ideals, namely 1.) ensuring the physical preservation of cultural property, 2.) protecting its even-handed interpretation, and 3.) offering public access to cultural property, as the main bases for the settlement of international cultural property disputes. However, new questions have arisen about the status of cultural property in an era when detailed virtual copies of cultural property are instantaneously available. For example, to what extent is digitized cultural property data should itself be regarded as cultural property? This paper will address some of the ethical issues related to the physical preservation, interpretation, and access to this digitized cultural property data. It will conclude with an examination of another type of cultural heritage data: the increasing use of behavioral data about cultural property consumers and audiences as a marketing tool by cultural institutions. This ominous new turn in the commodification of cultural property, it will be suggested, identifies items of cultural significance not only as objects of ownership and sale, but also as a marketable entertainment experience.

비주거 한옥의 제도적 지원 필요성을 결정하는 가치요인 분석

본 연구는 한옥보전 구역 내에서 비주거용 한옥이 점차 늘어나고 있는 상황에서 비주거한옥에 대한 제도적 지원이 필요한 근거를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 비주거한옥 제도적 지원의 필요성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 비주거한옥의 가치를 평가하였다. 분석에는 로지스틱분석을 활용하였으며, 비주거한옥에 대한 제도적 지원 필요성에 동의하는 경우 어떠한 가치요인을 중요하게 판단하였는지 분석하였다. 분석결과, 주거환경이 열악한 한옥의 활용, 한옥 외관상 가치, 지역의 생활복지 서비스 제공, 관광객 수용, 상업공간 제공, 역사성 부족, 한옥에 대한 개방성 강화 등의 7개의 요인이 비주거한옥에 대한 제도적 지원 필요성 결정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Nowadays numbers of non-residential Korean traditional house (Han-ok) like Caf<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX> and restaurants within the cultural property preservation area. So the purpose of this study is suggesting the necessity of governmental support about non-residential Han-ok. The research started to analyze influential factors toward them and estimate the value of non-residential Han-ok. After then it investigated what kind of value factors are important when it is agreed to the necessity of governmental support using logistic regression. According to the result, there are main 7 factors; possibilities to use Han-ok with poor residential environment, the unique appearance of Han-ok, possibilities to offer social and welfare service within local community, value to develop tourism on Han-ok, utilization of commercial area, historical deficiency and easy to access Han-ok for tourists and overseas which are an effect on decision making to sustain non-residential Han-ok.

고도(古都)보존 및 육성을 위한 고도지구 가치평가 - 경주시 고도시범사업지구를 대상으로 -

2004년에 제정된 "고도(古都) 보존에 관한 특별법"은 문화재 보전과 규제 위주의 문화재 주변지역 관리의 한계를 극복하기 위해 제정되었다. 이 법은 2012년에 "고도 보존 및 육성에 관한 특별법"으로 개정되었고, 지정된 지역에서의 행위에 대한 구체적인 허가 기준과 주민지원사업의 범위를 구체화하는 등 대폭 보완되었다. 이 연구는 경주의 고도 보존 및 육성사업을 시행 할 지정지구를 대상으로 AHP 분석기법을 통하여 가치평가체계를 수립하고, 시범사업지구의 우선사업 실시 방안을 객관적으로 제시하는 목적이다. 경주의 10개 고도 시범사업지구 가치평가 결과, 7개 역사문화환경특별보존지구 중 대릉원지구는 78.34점으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 3개 역사문화환경보존육성지구 중의 교동지역이 76.14점으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 경주의 고도보존 및 육성하기 위해 고도시범사업지구 유형에 따라 가장 효율적인 보존 및 육성방안을 정책적인 방향으로 제안하였다. The "Historic city Preservative law" was legislated for the preservation of cultural properties and enacting regulations of managing the environment around them in 2004. This law was revised to "Historic city Preservative and Development law" in 2012, and specified the criteria for permissible behaviors in the preservative district. Therefore, this paper focused on the ancient capital Gyeongju and developed a comprehensive system for evaluating the value of the ancient historic district based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Through the evaluation of the ancient historic districts, which are the pilot project districts in the "Gyeongju Ancient Capital Preservation Plan", some preferential projects were objectively proposed. As a result, according to the evaluation among 10 ancient historic districts in Gyeongju, Daereungwon got a score of 78.34, which is the highest among 7 special preservation districts. On the other side, the Gyo-dong area got a score of 76.14, the highest among 3 historic and cultural environmental districts. Finally, for the preservation and development of Gyeongju, some efficient preservation and development plans were objectively proposed for the pilot project districts in the "Gyeongju Ancient Capital Preservation Plan".

UNESCO’s World Heritage Convention at 40

The year 2012 marked the fortieth anniversary of UNESCO’s 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. It remains the major international instrument for safeguarding the world’s heritage. The Convention’s most significant feature is its integration of the concepts of nature conservation and preservation of cultural properties in a single treaty. Recognizing the increasing threats to natural and cultural sites, coupled with traditional conservation challenges, it was established as a new provision for the collective protection of heritage with outstanding universal value. This paper identifies three critical challenges that the World Heritage Convention faces today. Each of these has implications for how the international community chooses to identify, reify, protect, and promote something called “World Heritage” as a privileged category. These are the mounting challenges to expert opinions and decision making, the increasing and overt politicization of the World He...

A Tale of Two Systems

The two systems of managing health and safety and of managing preservation of cultural property have many parallels. Either, or both, can exist as predominantly habit-based systems. However, when managed from a proactive perspective, they can be considered goal-directed systems. In the first case, the goal is to maintain health and avoid accidents to people. In the second case, the goal is to avoid damage and loss to cultural property. Both goals are clear, widely accepted, and even inarguably noble and worthy, a great advantage for both systems. Health and safety and cultural property preservation systems will operate best when they are mutually supportive. As a simple example, wearing appropriate gloves while handling objects protects the wearer as well as the collection object/specimen from contamination. Some examples of conflicts between the two risk management systems can also be found. For instance, an old collection of pharmaceuticals can pose many risks. From a health and safety perspective, disposal seems the obvious solution. From a curatorial perspective, keeping contents intact for future analysis may be important. The exercise of developing a creative solution that protects both people and collections can lead to improved understanding among all parties. Viewing health and safety and cultural property preservation as parallel and closely related risk management systems opens the way to improvements in both. Combining the two encourages synergies that can lead to effective risk management and resource allocation by custodians of our collected heritage.

흥인지문 인접 CIP공사시 진동 전달 특성 분석 및 평가 사례 연구

This paper analysed the effect on Heunginjimun of ground vibrations due to C.I.P. works during Heunginjimun restoration period. Vibration criteria and laws for historic structures was investigated. The vibration was measured under test construction in the field, analysed and evaluated. Because the ground vibration exceeded the vibration criteria, the restoration construction could not be go along. But as vibration was transferred to the upper structures, it was confirmed that vibration levels declined, because of differences between natural and forced frequencies. If the natural frequencies database of historic structures are established, it will help with management and preservation of cultural properties by an environmental vibration effects evaluation.