Presence Of Translation Research Articles

Intuitive reception of the Chinese translation of Emily Dickinson’s literary heritage

ABSTRACT Exploring the common complexities and challenges of translating poetry from English into Chinese is one of the most pressing topics within contemporary Chinese and Western translation studies. This study aims to present the translation history of works by Emily Dickinson, examine the related research in China, and to analyse the translation potential of transferring three characteristics of the original work: hermeticism, intertextuality and prosody. The study is based on a comparative-literary analysis of Emily Dickinson’s translations of four verses, namely 1725, 31, 258, 269 and the translations of the contemporary Chinese translator Jiang Feng. The study found that Jiang Feng’s Chinese translation exhibits eight main features: 1) syntactic modification; 2) addition; 3) replacement of specific words with those that are broader in semantic sense; 4) compliance with punctuation similarity rules; 5) omission; 6) presence of translator’s notes; 7) transmission of the key idea, but partial neglect of form and rhyme; 8) replacement of words with cultural indicators that are inherent to the Chinese language. This study provides sinologist translators with further potential for research.

Copy move forgery detection and segmentation using improved mask region-based convolution network (RCNN)

Copy-move forgery (CMF) is a common image manipulation approach that uses the information from the same sample to manipulate it with the intent of hiding the required content. Several approaches have been designed for the timely detection of CMF; however, accurate identification of manipulated samples is a complicated job due to the similar capturing conditions of the copied content as the patch is taken from the same image. Moreover, the occurrence of several post-processing attacks i.e., noise, blurring, brightness variations, etc. further enhances the difficulties of the detection approaches. In this work, we attempted to cover the limitations of existing methods by proposing a deep learning (DL)-based approach for the accurate detection of CMF. A custom Mask-RCNN model with the DenseNet-41 as the base network is presented which is capable of nominating a better set of image features and presents the complex image transformation effectively. More descriptively, the DenseNet-41 model is used as the base network for deep keypoints extraction which is then localized, segmented, and categorized by the Mask-RCNN model to locate the manipulated area. We have tested the proposed model on three standard databases namely the CoMoFoD, MICC-F2000, and CASIA-v2 databases, and attained a precision of 98.12%, 99.02%, and 83.41%, respectively. We have reported the results for numerous image post-processing attacks and confirmed that the presented work is robust to detect the CMF in the presence of translation, scale variations, rotation, color changes, noise, compression, and blurring in images. We have confirmed through extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation that the DenseNet-41-based Mask-RCNN model is robust to CMF detection and can assist forensic analyzers to detect forensic manipulations accurately.

Predictive Factors Affecting Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis.

Post-hoc analysis of 5-year follow-up data from a prospective randomized multicenter trial. The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative factors that predict poor postoperative outcomes and define clinically important abnormal instabilities in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Current evidence regarding prognostic factors affecting clinical outcomes after surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is still limited. Moreover, there is no consensus regarding parameters that define clinically important abnormal instability in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. This post-hoc analysis from a prospective randomized trial that compared the effectiveness of decompression, decompression with fusion, and decompression with stabilization for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis at the L4/5 level included 70 patients with a 5-year follow-up period. We investigated the correlation between the postoperative recovery rate and preoperative radiographic parameters. We then investigated differences between the good recovery and poor recovery groups. Japanese Orthopaedic Association and visual analogue scale scores improved postoperatively. Of the 70 patients analyzed, 13 were judged to be in the poor recovery group based on their recovery rate. The recovery rate significantly correlated with the intervertebral angle at L4/5. Univariate analysis showed that while the degree of vertebral slippage and the presence of angulation were not associated with poor recovery, the intervertebral angle at L4/5 and the presence of translation were associated with poor recovery. Lastly, multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed the intervertebral angle at L4/5 and the presence of translation as independent predictors of poor recovery after surgery for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. While the degree of vertebral slippage and the presence of angulation were not associated with poor recovery after surgery for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis, postoperative outcomes were associated with the intervertebral angle and the presence of translation. Careful preoperative measurement of these factors may help to predict poor postoperative outcomes.Level of Evidence: 3.

Assessment of Online Sites Reliability, Accountability, Readability, Accessibility, and Translation for Intravitreal Injections

Patients increasingly use the internet to access health-related information to better understand their treatments. This study compares the quality, accountability, readability, accessibility, and presence of translation between private and academic online source material available to the public regarding intravitreal injections (IVIs). Cross-sectional analysis. Top 20 websites on a Google search for the terms eye injections, intravitreal injections, and anti-VEGF injections. Websites were classified as private or academic. Quality and accountability were assessed using the internationally recognized DISCERN criteria and the Health on the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode). Readability was evaluated using an online tool that provides a consensus readability grade. The presence of and languages available for translation were recorded. The primary outcome measure was a comparison of the DISCERN and HONcode quality and accountability scores between academic and private websites. Secondary outcome measures included evaluating readability, accessibility, and presence of translation (in particular, Spanish). Eleven academic and 9 private websites were included. The overall mean score using DISCERN criteria for the academic websites (3.11 ± 0.46) was significantly higher than that of private websites (2.23 ± 0.61; P < 0.007). Similarly, of a possible total of 14 points for the HONcode, the average quality score for academic websites (10.91 ± 2.66) was higher compared with that for private websites (6.44 ± 3.36; P < 0.009). The mean consensus reading grade level was similar between academic (11.73 ± 1.68) and private (11.78 ± 1.48) websites (P= 0.94). Spanish translation was offered by only 7 of the 20 websites (5 academic and 2 private websites). The overall quality and accountability of online content for academic sites was significantly higher compared with that of private websites. Translation was rarely provided, and the readability grade level was significantly higher for both groups than recommended. Improving the quality, accountability, readability, and accessibility and incorporating translation in websites can help to improve patients' health literacy regarding IVIs, potentially leading to increased adherence to therapy plans and improved treatment outcomes.

Liryki z czterech początkowych ksiąg Poezyj Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina ręką własną pisanych – z ustaleń edytora

The aim of the paper is to present the most important findings of the editor made during the preparation of publication of four initial books of lyrics published in Poezyje Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina reką wlasną pisane ( Franiszek Dionizy Kniaźnin’s Poetries, Written in His Own Hand ), or the so-called Pulawy Manuscript (Rekopis Pulawski). The findings in question concern: the messages and archetypes of the poems from Kniaźnin’s manuscript, published earlier in “Zabawy Przyjemne i Pozyteczne” (“Pleasurable and Useful Entertainments”), ephemera and three collections authored by the poet, namely Erotyki ( Erotic Poems ) from 1779, Wiersze ( Poems ) from 1783 and Poezje. Edycja zupelna ( Poetries. Complete Edition ) from 1787; dating of the works and determining the reasons behind their creation; the presence of translations in the autograph and the author’s notes that relate to them; the choice of addressees; and finally, references to authentic places and events connected with the everyday life of the Czartoryski family or those important for all the citizens of the Republic of Poland, which Kniaźnin included in his text.

Conocimiento en tránsito: imágenes y discursos en torno a las plantas medicinales de la India durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI

En este texto se pretende mostrar cómo Europa logra vincularse con Asia, representada por la India, a través de la representación de elementos como los discursos y las imágenes en torno al conocimiento botánico, los alimentos y plantas medicinales. A través del análisis del Coloquio dos simples das drogas da India (1563) de García da Orta (1501-68), también muestra cómo se logra un grado de intercambio cultural desde la perspectiva de la circulación del conocimiento, un proceso que se tornó cada vez más rápido con la implementación de la imprenta, la circulacion de los libros ilustrados y las traducciones durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI.

Machine-Translated Knowledge Transfer for Commonsense Causal Reasoning

This paper studies the problem of multilingual causal reasoning in resource-poor languages. Existing approaches, translating into the most probable resource-rich language such as English, suffer in the presence of translation and language gaps between different cultural area, which leads to the loss of causality. To overcome these challenges, our goal is thus to identify key techniques to construct a new causality network of cause-effect terms, targeted for the machine-translated English, but without any language-specific knowledge of resource-poor languages. In our evaluations with three languages, Korean, Chinese, and French, our proposed method consistently outperforms all baselines, achieving up-to 69.0% reasoning accuracy, which is close to the state-of-the-art accuracy 70.2% achieved on English.

Tłumacz i skopos w filharmonii

The subject of the article is the presence of translation in a concert hall, based on the example of activities in the Arthur Rubinstein Philharmonic Orchestra of Lodz in the 2013/14–2015/16 seasons. The author surveys what material is translated, in what ways it is done, and whether the translators are visible. A particular case is discussed, that of a (pseudo)poetic Polish rendition of Richard Strauss’ Vier letzte Lieder (texts by Herman Hesse and Joseph von Eichendorff) presented in 2015. This text is examined for aesthetic, linguistic and melic qualities. The aim of the analysis is to verify the functionality of the translations with respect to their recipients (texts made available to concert audiences) – hence the employment of the skopos paradigm in the analysis.

Copy–move forgery detection through stationary wavelets and local binary pattern variance for forensic analysis in digital images

The most common image tampering often for malicious purposes is to copy a region of the same image and paste to hide some other region. As both regions usually have same texture properties, therefore, this artifact is invisible for the viewers, and credibility of the image becomes questionable in proof centered applications. Hence, means are required to validate the integrity of the image and identify the tampered regions. Therefore, this study presents an efficient way of copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) through local binary pattern variance (LBPV) over the low approximation components of the stationary wavelets. CMFD technique presented in this paper is applied over the circular regions to address the possible post processing operations in a better way. The proposed technique is evaluated on CoMoFoD and Kodak lossless true color image (KLTCI) datasets in the presence of translation, flipping, blurring, rotation, scaling, color reduction, brightness change and multiple forged regions in an image. The evaluation reveals the prominence of the proposed technique compared to state of the arts. Consequently, the proposed technique can reliably be applied to detect the modified regions and the benefits can be obtained in journalism, law enforcement, judiciary, and other proof critical domains.

The Use of Translation Notes in Manga Scanlation

This article investigates the use of translation notes to deal with translation problems. In Translation Studies, the presence of translation notes in a translation is considered particularly significant because they clearly indicate what features of the source text the translator considered important for the comprehension of the text and therefore necessary to retain or explain. In the field of comics in translation, the use of T/N is rather uncommon, and can be considered the main translation strategy that distinguishes scanlation from other types of translations.&#x0D; In the first part of this article, the structure of the English-language manga scanlation communities is examined; following this, the way culture-specific items are dealt with by manga scanlators is analysed; and finally, an explanatory hypothesis linking the broader structure of participation to individual translation strategies is presented. The argument put forward in this article is that translation notes are used in scanlation both to solve translation problems and as a way for scanlators to communicate directly with their readers, thereby foregrounding their mediating presence directly on the pages of scanlated manga.

Perception of combined translation and rotation in the horizontal plane in humans.

Thresholds and biases of human motion perception were determined for yaw rotation and sway (left-right) and surge (fore-aft) translation, independently and in combination. Stimuli were 1 Hz sinusoid in acceleration with a peak velocity of 14°/s or cm/s. Test stimuli were adjusted based on prior responses, whereas the distracting stimulus was constant. Seventeen human subjects between the ages of 20 and 83 completed the experiments and were divided into 2 groups: younger and older than 50. Both sway and surge translation thresholds significantly increased when combined with yaw rotation. Rotation thresholds were not significantly increased by the presence of translation. The presence of a yaw distractor significantly biased perception of sway translation, such that during 14°/s leftward rotation, the point of subjective equality (PSE) occurred with sway of 3.2 ± 0.7 (mean ± SE) cm/s to the right. Likewise, during 14°/s rightward motion, the PSE was with sway of 2.9 ± 0.7 cm/s to the left. A sway distractor did not bias rotation perception. When subjects were asked to report the direction of translation while varying the axis of yaw rotation, the PSE at which translation was equally likely to be perceived in either direction was 29 ± 11 cm anterior to the midline. These results demonstrated that rotation biased translation perception, such that it is minimized when rotating about an axis anterior to the head. Since the combination of translation and rotation during ambulation is consistent with an axis anterior to the head, this may reflect a mechanism by which movements outside the pattern that occurs during ambulation are perceived.

Transcribing the First Decade of Children's Videotaped Testimonies in Cyprus: Tourist Season Times

AbstractFamiliarising researchers and practitioners with different countries' policies for police interviews with children contributes to an exchange of knowledge and strengthens global approaches against child abuse. We start by describing the system of videotaped testimonies in Cyprus during the first 10 years of this system's implementation. We then continue on to the effects of tourism on police interviews with children. Police forces in destinations with high tourist numbers need to comprehend how tourist seasons could influence police interviews with children. No studies investigated whether children of tourists testified in police departments during their holidays. We explored how tourist seasons affected the number of testimonies obtained by Cyprus police forces, taking into account the presence of non‐Cypriot and non‐native speaking children, the number of testimonies taken in languages other than Greek, and the presence of translators during the interviews. We analysed the national sample of police interviews with children for a period of a decade using official police records and copies of transcripts of children's testimonies. As expected, the results revealed no significant differences in police interviews with children during tourist seasons but show a slight increase in the number of interviews with non‐Cypriot children during tourist seasons. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Proposta de organização de verbete em glossários terminológicos bilíngues - língua brasileira de sinais e língua portuguesa

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2015v35nesp2p557Este trabalho, que se insere na linha de pesquisa da Tradução e Terminologia, apresenta como objeto de estudo os termos base utilizado nos discursos políticos e educacionais que permeiam os eventos de conferências nacionais. Em respeito à Lei 10436/2002 e o Decreto 5626/2005 é direito do Surdo ter acesso às informações em Língua Brasileira de Sinais – Libras. Uma das formas de garantir esse direito é a presença do tradutor e do intérprete que ao atuar em áreas com temas especializados devem deter o conhecimento das terminologias específicas utilizadas em contextos diversos. O estudo em curso tem como base a Metodologia para elaboração dicionários e glossários de Faulstich (1995). A pesquisa segue a abordagem da Socioterminologia e, como procedimento: i) reconhecimento e identificação do público-alvo; ii) delimitação da área pesquisada; iii) coleta e organização dos dados; iv) organização do glossário e teste de validade. O resultado da pesquisa é a apresentação de uma proposta de organização de verbete de um Glossário Bilíngue de Terminologia voltado para a área de conferências, que possa servir como fonte de consulta e formação dos tradutores e dos intérpretes que atuam nos eventos de conferências nacionais.

I know languages, therefore, I can translate?

There is a large presence of translators without formal education in the Slovene market, partly because until the 1990s there were no independent translation programs, but also because of the popular notion that anybody who speaks a foreign language well, or has a degree in it, can translate. In this paper we present a comparison of four B.A. programs at the University of Ljubljana (in three foreign language departments and one department of translation) to shed light on what knowledge and competences are expected at the end of the B.A. studies, and to find out whether these departments actually train people to be translators. The paper also reports the results of a translation quality assessment of third-year students of those departments, who were given the task of translating a text into their L1. The students approached the task in different ways and produced very different results, which indicates that language competences alone are not enough for translation, and that specific additional instruction can give them a considerable advantage at the beginning of their careers.

O języku literackim molizańskich Słowian

This article aims to present and describe the situation of the literary language of the Molise Slavs. In the last decades, various scholars have expressed their views on this issue with some of them claiming that Molise Slavic is a literary language, whilst by the other ones this vernacular was denied such right. Although Alexandr D. Dulichenko – who coined the term „Slavic literarymicrolanguage” – dated its literary traditions back to the 19th century, some scholars perceive the 18th or 20th centuries as the beginning of the literature written in Molise Slavic (MSl). Consequently, this led to ambiguity that this article is trying to clarify. Until recently, this vernacular was prevalently used for poetry and short prose, but with recent publications of Nicola Gliosca’s novels, Molise Slavic is now on its way to develop as a full-fledged literary language. According to typology presented by Antoni Furdal, MSl can now – with presence of translations – be classified as a „literary language with limited sphere of use”.

Austen and Translation: National Characters, Translatable Heroines, and the Heroine as Translator

The nexus “Austen and translation” is among the most recurrent in contemporary studies of the author's reception and has generated a significant body of research on renditions of the novels in other languages. This essay contends that, however relevant and valuable, this approach stands in need of critical and methodological revision. Moving beyond a notion of translation as interlinguistic and intertextual transposition, it explores the novelist's canon in light of the emergent concept of “cultural translation.” In this perspective, the essay examines such categories as patriotism and national character, translation of self, translatable heroines, and the heroine as translator, with reference to Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, and Persuasion. Through this multiple approach, Austen's fiction becomes visible as deeply involved in metaphorical forms of translation, particularly those concerning the transformation of individuals and selves. The challenge that this essay sets itself, as well as any further reflection on “Austen and translation,” is to verify what happens when we take this nexus beyond an exclusive concern with intertextual transference and questions of adequacy in order to reassess the presence of translation and translatability within the novelist's output.

Language and belonging in the Polish translation of Eva Hoffman's Lost in Translation

This article discusses the translation of Eva Hoffman's immigrant memoir Lost in Translation: A Life in a New Language (1989) into Hoffman's native Polish (Zagubione w przekładzie, trans. Michał Ronikier, 1995). Comparing the original to its Polish translation, the article argues that translations of immigrant life stories into their authors' first languages constitute a category deserving of critical engagement within literary and translation studies. Such versions enliven the complex presence of translation in the original texts – they support the theory that immigrant authors engage in translation when they textualize their lives in the language of the new country. More specifically, given the original memoir's heterolingualism and use of translation, the article argues that the Polish version reduces the memoir's linguistic plurality and, as a result, transforms what Hoffman describes as a linguistic journey from Polish to English into a story of shifting national allegiances.

Measures of anxiety: State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Anxiety (HADS‐A)

This review covers commonly used measures of anxiety. For this review, the author included measures that were 1) measures of general measures of anxiety and severity of anxiety symptoms, 2) administered by self-report, 3) used in rheumatologic populations, and 4) has evidence of adequate psychometric data. To maintain brevity, the majority of the measures reviewed here were selected to provide broad coverage of general symptoms of anxiety, and measures were excluded if they are intended to identify or characterize a specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) anxiety disorder (1). Specifically, this author excluded measures typically used to evaluate diagnostic criteria or features of specific anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and others. In addition, broader measures of psychiatric distress, including the Symptom Checklist-90, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 are not included in this review since they are included elsewhere in this special issue. However, subscales that have been used frequently in rheumatology as “stand-alone” measures, such as the anxiety scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, are included in this review. Importantly, the measures included in this review should not be interpreted as diagnostically significant for an anxiety disorder, even generalized anxiety disorder, but should be used to measure the presence of symptoms and to calibrate the severity of general symptoms of anxiety commonly occurring in rheumatic disease. The measures reviewed below include the State Trait Anxiety Index, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. In this review, the content and structure of each measure is presented (number of items, recall period, response options, presence of translations, and adaptations), the use in rheumatic disease when possible is discussed, and the psychometric properties of each measure, particularly when validated in any of the rheumatic diseases, is detailed. In addition, information regarding responsiveness of each measure to longitudinal change is presented, including responsiveness to change in rheumatology when available. Finally, a summary of the strengths and weaknesses specific to rheumatology is presented.

Asymptotic behaviors of solutions to evolution equations in the presence of translation and scaling invariance

There are wide classes of nonlinear evolution equations which possess invariant properties with respect to a scaling and translations. If a solution is invariant under the scaling then it is called a self-similar solution, which is a candidate for the asymptotic profile of general solutions at large time. In this paper we establish an abstract framework to find more precise asymptotic profiles by shifting self-similar solutions suitably.

Effective approach for object recognition based on voting

Object recognition can be formulated as matching image features to model features. When recognition is patch-based, the feature correspondence is one to one. However, due to noise, repetitive structures, and background clutter, features do not match one to one, but one to many. By using the multiscale feature point technique, a new object recognition algorithm is presented to identify the center, scale, and orientation of the objects in the images. This approach recognizes the objects the presence of translation, scale variation, rotation, partial occlusion, and changed viewpoint. It does not require that features match one to one, and maintains the structure information of the object. This is accomplished by voting on the object's center, scale factor, and orientation for each match point. Experimental results demonstrate that the method works well with translation, rotation, scale changes, and partial occlusion, but gives less accurate results when the viewpoint is altered.