Presence Of Iron Deficiency Anemia Research Articles

Self-assessment of the health level of medical university students

Relevance. Students are vulnerable in terms of maintaining their health while studying at a university. In modern programs, the number of hours devoted to physical education has been greatly reduced. The data of medical examinations conducted annually in student polyclinics indicate a large number of young people with diseases of varying severity. Visual impairment and the presence of iron deficiency anemia are diagnosed in most medical students and soon threaten to become normal. The purpose of the study. To find out how responsible students are about their health, the author set a goal to analyze the self-assessment of the health of students of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd courses of the programs "Medicine" and "General Medicine". Methods and organization of research. To conduct the study, questions reflecting the objectives of the study were selected and a questionnaire of 16 questions with several options was compiled. There were several answers to two questions. Using the GOOGLE Internet resource, the questionnaire application, students of the first, second and third years of study at the M. Ospanov West Kazakhstan Medical University were surveyed. The results of the study. It was revealed that by the third year, neglect of one's own health appears, expressed in non-compliance with the diet, irregular physical activity. A third of the students do not take care of their health at all. Most second-year students have trouble sleeping and consistently report insomnia. The number of students experiencing constant nervous stress and stress, as well as having a habit of eating irrationally, is alarming. This indicator increases from course to course. Conclusions. It is necessary to provide students with access to normal and timely meals, and little time is allocated for this in the class schedule, in addition, the only canteen cannot cope with so many students. As for the sleep and rest regime, it is necessary to carry out prevention in all training courses.

Health status of the child and the level of education of the mother in the presence of iron deficiency anemia in children from 6 to 59 months of age, in Peru

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si la anemia ferropénica en niños de 6 a 59 meses de edad en el Perú esta asociada al estado de salud del niño y el grado de instrucción de la madre. Se utilizó un diseño de investigación no experimental tipo transversal, datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y Salud Familiar [7], del análisis de regresión logística se obtuvo un modelo que explica la presencia de anemia con probabilidad de acierto de 70,1 %, considerándose las variables: periodo de lactancia, peso, talla, enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA), vacunas completas y educación de la madre. No tener vacunas completas aumenta la probabilidad de tener anemia en 1,168 veces más de los que si tuvieron vacuna, por cada mes adicional de lactancia materna la probabilidad de tener anemia se reduce en 2,15 %, si tuvo infección respiratoria aguda o EDA la probabilidad de tener anemia es 1,125 y 1,578 veces más que los que no tuvieron anemia, mayor nivel educativo de la madre menor probabilidad de presencia de anemia.

Decomposition analysis of the decline in binary and triad undernutrition among preschool children in India.

To examine the socio-demographic factors associated with the decline in undernutrition among preschool children in India from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3, 2005-06 to NFHS- 5, 2019-21. For this study data were obtained from India's nationally representative datasets such as NFHS-3 and NFHS-5. The outcome variables for this study were Binary undernutrition which were defined as the coexistence of anemia and either stunting or wasting and Undernutrition triad which were defined as the presence of Iron deficiency anemia, stunting and wasting, respectively. Decomposition analysis was used to study the factors responsible for a decline in undernutrition. This method was employed to understand how these factors contributed to the decline in undernutrition whether due to change in the composition (change in the composition of the population) or propensity (change in the health-related behaviour of the population) of the population over a period of 16 years. Results showed that rate, which contributes 85.26% and 65.64%, respectively, to total change, was primarily responsible for a decline in both binary undernutrition and undernutrition triad. Reduction in Binary undernutrition was mainly explained by the change in the rate of education level of the mothers and media exposer during the inter-survey period. On the other hand, the decline in the Undernutrition triad can be explained by household wealth index, mother's education, birth order and a change in people's knowledge or practice about the preceding birth interval. Identifying important factors and understanding their relationship with the decline of undernutrition can be beneficial for reorienting nutrition-specific policies to achieve the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

Association between Patients' Self-Judgement, Coagulated Menstrual Blood, and Menorrhagia: Results from a Questionnaire Survey and Blood Test Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Menorrhagia is defined as a blood loss of more than 80 mL, which is significant enough to cause anemia. Previously known methods for evaluating menorrhagia, such as the alkalin-hematin method, pictograms, and measuring the weight of sanitary products, were all impractical, complex, and time-consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to determine which item among menstrual history taking was most associated with menorrhagia and devised a simple evaluating method for menorrhagia through history taking that can be applied clinically. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from June 2019 to December 2021. A survey was conducted on premenopausal women who underwent outpatient treatment or surgery and those who underwent a gynecologic screening test, and their blood tests were analyzed. The presence of iron deficiency anemia was identified with a Hb level of less than 10 g/dL with microcytic hypochromic anemia on a complete blood count performed within one month of the survey. A questionnaire survey was conducted on six items related to menorrhagia to investigate whether each item was related to "significant menorrhagia". Results: There were 301 participants in the survey during the period. In univariate analysis, the results revealed a statistically significant association between significant menorrhagia and the following items: self-judgement of menorrhagia; menstruation lasting over 7 days; total pad counts in a single menstrual period; Number of sanitary products changed per day; and leakaging of menstrual blood and presence of coagulated menstrual blood. In multivariate analysis, only the "self-judgement of menorrhagia" item showed a statistically significant result (p-value = 0.035; an odds ratio = 2.217). When the "self-judgement of menorrhagia" item was excluded, the "passage of clots larger than one inch in diameter" item showed a statistically significant result (p-value = 0.023; an odds ratio = 2.113). Conclusions: "Patient self-judgement of menorrhagia" is a reliable item for evaluating menorrhagia. Among several symptoms indicating menorrhagia, determining the presence of the "passage of clots larger than one inch in diameter" during the menstrual period is the most useful item for evaluating menorrhagia in clinical history taking. This study suggested using these simple menstrual history taking items to evaluate menorrhagia in real clinical practice.

Intake of Acetylsalicylic Acid and High Age Are Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Large Diaphragmatic Hernias

Introduction: In 15% of patients with iron deficiency anemia, large diaphragmatic hernias are found as the cause of chronic iron loss. Conversely, iron deficiency anemia is present in 10–40% of diaphragmatic hernia patients. However, it is unclear why some patients with large diaphragmatic hernias develop anemia and others do not. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 116 patients with diaphragmatic hernias larger than 5 cm for the presence of anemia and the effect of surgery on this anemia, dividing these patients into 4 groups (group A: 21 patients with anemia/surgery, group B: 27 patients without anemia but with surgery, group C: 34 patients with anemia but without surgery, and group D: 34 patients without anemia/surgery). Results: Women significantly predominated in the patient population (76%). Patients with iron deficiency anemia tended to be significantly older than patients without iron deficiency anemia (74.7 ± 12.2 vs. 69.6 ± 14.8 years, p = 0.08). The proportion of patients taking ASA was significantly higher in the anemia collective (41.8% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.001). Regression analysis further confirmed that higher age and ASA intake correlated significantly with lower hemoglobin in anemic patients. Performing hernia repair significantly decreased anemia rates and PPI use in the anemia patients, while both remained almost the same in the non-operated anemia patients. Conclusion: ASA use and advanced age are risk factors for the presence of iron deficiency anemia in patients with large diaphragmatic hernias. Surgical hernia repair is suitable to reduce anemia.

Anaemia in Post-Menopausal Women-A Hidden Hunger

Objective: To determine the factors of iron deficiency anaemia among the post-menopausal women in our population.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug 2019 to Jan 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 300 post-menopausal women were included in this study. Menopausal status was taken as one year after the last menstrual period. Iron deficiency anaemia was diagnosed, based on haemoglobin and ferritin levels. In addition,the relationship of age, age at menopause, comorbid medical illnesses and duration of menopause was assessed with the presence of iron deficiency anaemia among the post-menopausal women participating in this study.&#x0D; Results: Out of 300 post-menopausal women studied in the given period, 124(41.3%) had no anaemia, while 176(58.7%) had the iron deficiency anaemia. Furthermore, 225(75.0%) had menopause after the age of forty, while 75(25.0%) had menopause after the age of forty. After applying the binary logistic regression analysis, we found that advancing age, longer duration since menopause and presence of medical comorbidities had a statistically significant association with anaemia in the target population.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study showed a high frequency of iron deficiency anaemia among post-menopausal women. In addition, women with longer duration since menopause, advanced age and other medical illnesses were more at risk of having iron deficiency anaemia s compared to other women.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ С МАНИФЕСТАЦИЕЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ COVID-19 В ТРЕТЬЕМ ТРИМЕСТРЕ

Women during gestation are considered to be at high risk of viral respiratory infections with conversion to pneumonia due to physiological changes in the immune and cardiopulmonary systems. This research publication examined the peculiarities of the course of pregnancy, obstetric and perinatal outcomes during pregnancy against the background of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and assessed the changes in laboratory indices. Objective. to evaluate the features of the course of pregnancy with COVID-19 manifestation in the third trimester. Materials and Methods. 139 pregnant women at 28 weeks' gestation or more, including 112 pregnant women admitted to the obstetric department of an infectious diseases hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and with mild to moderate degrees of infection, and 27 pregnant women in the antenatal clinic, who were conventionally healthy. The first group of pregnant women was divided into two subgroups, depending on the prescription of low molecular weight heparins for the prevention of venous thromboembolic complications (55 and 57 subjects, respectively). We evaluated the data of gynecological anamnesis, extragenital diseases, peculiarities of pregnancy course, clinical characteristics of COVID-19, comparison of laboratory tests. The features of the course of infection and pregnancy with altered blood parameters: lymphopenia, elevated levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer were considered in the acute period of infection. The correlation between the gestational age at infection and the term of delivery as a result of the treatment was analyzed. The presence of iron deficiency anemia was considered as an additional risk factor for new coronavirus infection in pregnant women. Changes in the levels of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, D-dimer may be the main markers in predicting the course of COVID-19 infection. Prescription of low-molecular-weight heparins at the initial stage of therapy may serve as a factor that allows prolongation of pregnancy to a pre-term term.

Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

Objective: To gauge the frequency of iron deficiency anaemia among chronic renal disease patients and factors related to the presence of anaemia at our hospital.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of nephrology Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, Nine months, Sep 2019 to May 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: Three hundred patients suffering from the chronic renal disease were included in the study. Iron deficiency anaemia was diagnosed based on haemoglobin and ferritin levels. In addition, the relationship between age, gender, duration of chronic kidney disease and stage of chronic kidney disease was assessed with the presence of iron deficiency anaemia among the patients suffering from chronic kidney disease.&#x0D; Results: Out of three hundred patients studied, 139 were males, and 161 were females. Out of 300 patients with chronic kidney disease included in our study, 159 (53.0%) showed the presence of iron deficiency anaemia, while 141 (47.0%) had no anaemia. Chi-square analysis showed that female gender, long duration of illness and more severe illness had a significant association with iron deficiency anaemia among the patients with chronic kidney disease.&#x0D; Conclusion: High frequency of iron deficiency anaemia among the patients of chronic kidney disease in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Routine screening for anaemia should be done, especially on female patients and patients with more severe and long-standing illnesses.

The association between iron deficiency anemia and obesity in children

Objectives: To examine the association between obesity and iron status and the presence of iron deficiency anemia in children. Methods: This case-control study included 100 children between 2-14 years of age who were divided into two age- and sex- matched equal groups of 50 children each. Children with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 95th centile were categorized as obese while the other 50 children with a BMI greater than or equal to 5th centile but less than 95th centile were considered the normal weight group. Children with cardiac disease, liver disease, chronic gastrointestinal disease and chronic hematologic disorders except iron deficiency (with or without anemia) and those taking Vitamin or mineral supplements regularly during the previous year were excluded. Each participant was sent for serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation TS and complete blood count. Iron deficiency is defined as Transferrin Saturation (TS) lower than 16% and IDA is defined as TS lower than 16% and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration lower than 120 g/l or 12 mg/dl for children. The data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software and for all data normal distribution was tested so that P-value&lt;0.05 is the level of threshold for statistical significance. Results: The gender distribution between the both group is reversed with male being more common in obese group but no statistical difference. The age distribution shows dominance of the age group 5-10 years in the both group with some differences which are of no statistical significance (P=0.294). The values of Hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation are obviously similar between the both genders of the whole study population with no statistically significant differences (P=0.084, 0.469, 0.48,0.4, 0.571 respectively). Obese children have higher level of Hemoglobin(P=0.069), Ferritin(P=0.5) and total iron binding capacity(P=0.449) but lower levels of serum iron (P =0.234) and transferrin saturation(P=0.45) but with no statistical significance. Conclusion: There is no significant association between obesity and iron status and the presence of iron deficiency anemia despite a lower level of serum iron and lower transferrin saturation in obese than normal weight children.

Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Young Females with Migraine

Objective: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anaemia among young female migraine patients and look for the factors related to the presence of anaemia.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2018 to Feb 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: One hundred and thirty young female patients with migraine presenting at our hospital were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of Migraine was established by the consultant neuro physician based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnostic criteria for migraine. Iron deficiency anaemia was diagnosed based on haemoglobin and ferritin levels. Various social and demographic factors were studied in this study, along with iron deficiency anaemia among the young females suffering from migraine.&#x0D; Results: Out of 130 young female patients with migraine, 69 (53.1%) showed the presence of iron deficiency anaemia, while 61 (46.9%) had no anaemia. Upon statistical analysis, it was revealed that menstrual abnormalities had a statistically significant association with the presence of iron deficiency anaemia among the young female patients with migraine.&#x0D; Conclusion: Iron deficiency anaemia was the common finding among young female patients with migraine in Pakistan. Menstrual abnormalities among these young female migraine patients were related to the presence of iron deficiency anaemia. A detailed history of menstrual abnormalities and anaemia screening among migraine patients may be helpful for early diagnosis and intervention.

Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients of Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi

Objective: To determine the presence of iron deficiency anemia and assess the relationship of various factors with the presence of anemia among the patients of inflammatory bowel disease reporting to Military Hospital, Rawalpindi.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan to Dec 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: Two hundred cases were recruited in this study, which were diagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease in medical outpatient department (OPD) by a consultant medical specialist or gastroenterologist. Iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed on the basis of hemoglobin and ferritin levels. Relationship of age, gender, duration of inflammatory bowel disease, type of inflammatory bowel disease and poly-pharmacy was taken into account with the presence of iron deficiency anemia among the patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease.&#x0D; Results: A total of 106 patients were males and 94 were females. Most common type of inflammatory bowel disease was ulcerative colitis 118 (59%). Out of 200 patients of inflammatory bowel disease, 111 (44.5%) showed the presence of iron deficiency anemia while 89 (55.5%). Long duration of illness and poly-pharmacy had a significant correlation (p-value &lt;0.05) with the presence of iron deficiency anemia among the patients of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.&#x0D; Conclusion: High frequency of iron deficiency anemia was observed in the patients of inflammatory bowel disease in a tertiary care hospital of our country. Patients with long standing inflammatory diseases or using multiple pharmacological agents for the control of their disease had more risk for....

Effect of Dietary Pattern on the Presence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescent Girls

Effect of Dietary Pattern on the Presence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescent Girls

Patients with Helicobacter Pylori Infections Who Have Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

Objective: It is the goal of this research to evaluate the presence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in individuals with Helicobacter pylori infection. Study Design: Prospective/cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Department of medicine, Ittefaq Hospital Trust, Lahore, during the period from 16th January 2021 to 15th July 2021. Methods: There were one hundred and thirty patients of both genders with ages 22-60 years were presented. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients included age, sex, body mass index, education status and residency. All the included patients had helicobacter pylori infection in this study. Blood samples from the individuals were tested for serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity. A urea breath test, stool antigen testing, a quick urease test, or histopathology may all be used to look for H. pylori infection. SPSS 22.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Mean standard deviation was used for laboratory outcomes. Results: Mean age of the patients 35.32 ± 6.53 years with mean BMI 26.12±8.64 kg/m2. Majority of the patients were females 75 (57.7%) and remaining were males 55 (42.3%). 53 (40.8%) patients were from urban areas and 60 (46.2%) patients were literate. Most of the patients 80 (61.5%) had poor socio-economic status. Mean Hemoglobin level was 11.12 ± 1.8 (g/dl) mean serum iron level was 50.3 ± 12.45 (ug/dl) and mean serum ferritin level was 123.4±56.55 (ng per ml).We found iron deficiency anemia in 51 (39.2%) patients. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anaemia was shown to be more prevalent in individuals with Helicobacter Pylori infection who were mostly females in this research. Keywords: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), H.pylori infection, Prevalence

PECULIARITIES OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

The article presents changes in hemogram and oxidative stress in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the background of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Iron deficiency anemia is an additional factor that contributes to the deepening of myocardial ischemia and deepens the processes of peroxidation and damage to cardiomyocytes, which is an important factor in the unfavorable course, both acute period and recovery processes in myocardial necrosis. In order to study the indicators of the general analysis of blood and functional state of the antioxidant system in patients with acute myocardial infarction with IDA, 36 patients with AMI with IDA were examined, including 39% men and 61% women. The first group consisted of 10 patients with AMI without IDA, the second 26 patients with AMI and IDA of varying severity, the control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals. Hemogram parameters, glutathione system function, oxyproline, arginase and magnesium levels in the blood were determined. It has been established that women with mild and moderate anemia predominate among patients with acute myocardial infarction with concomitant iron deficiency anemia. Among men, half of the patients have severe anemia. In addition to a decrease in Hb levels, patients with ACS with IDA have the following laboratory signs of anemia: a tendency to increase the average concentration of hemoglobin in one erythrocyte, low serum iron levels and an increase in serum transferrin levels. In the presence of IDA in patients with ACS there are changes in the antioxidant system. Anemic syndrome in such patients is accompanied by increased concentrations of glutathione transferase and peroxidase, as well as decreased concentrations of oxyproline.&#x0D; Anemia can trigger oxidative stress, and an increase in OS may be associated with changes in cardiac function. Possible cardiovascular effects in patients with comorbid conditions should also be considered.&#x0D; Iron deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient disorder globally. When severe, iron deficiency leads to anemia, which can be deleterious to cardiac function. Given the central role of iron and oxygen in cardiac biology, multiple pathways are expected to be altered in iron-deficiency anemia, and identifying these requires an unbiased approach.&#x0D; Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant molecules that can play an important role in the pathogenesis of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA).&#x0D; Maintenance of the iron homeostasis is essential for metabolic and physiological processes. Iron plays a critical role in erythropoiesis, is incorporated into erythroblasts and reticulocytes, and has a crucial role in oxygen transport and oxygen storage. Moreover, iron is essential for cardiac and skeletal muscle metabolism, the synthesis and degradation of proteins, lipids, ribonucleic acids, and mitochondrial function.&#x0D; Research has now focused on non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors and the roles of iron and iron deficiency (ID) in patients with cardiovascular disease.&#x0D; The Iron required for immune response, hormonal balance, and plays an important role in regulating oxidative stress and aerobic metabolism. The myocardial tissue has a mainly aerobic cellular metabolism, which depends of mitochondria's Krebs cycle enzymes that need iron as an essential cofactor. In this regard, there is some evidence that myocardial iron deficiency is highly prevalent in HF and may play a role in the progression of the disease.

Significance of borderline HbA2 levels in \u03b2 thalassemia carrier screening

Increased HbA2 levels are the characteristic feature of β-thalassemia carriers. A subset of carriers however do not show HbA2 levels in the typical carrier range (≥ 4.0%) but show borderline HbA2 levels. As a result, these carriers escape diagnosis and carry the risk of having β-thalassemia major offspring. Borderline HbA2 values may occur as a consequence of mild β-thalassemia mutations, co-inherited β-thalassemia and α- or δ- thalassemia or iron deficiency anemia. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the cause of borderline HbA2 levels in specific populations. This study aimed to identify the determinants of borderline HbA2 levels (which we have considered as HbA2 3.0–3.9%) in 205 individuals. Primary screening involved detecting the presence of iron deficiency anemia followed by molecular analysis of α, β and δ globin genes. Remarkably, 168 of 205 individuals were positive for a defect. 87% (149/168) of positive individuals were heterozygous for β thalassemia with (59/149) or without (90/149) the presence of co-existing IDA, α or δ gene defects. Notably, 20 of 149 β thalassemia carriers showed HbA2 < 3.5% and MCV > 80fL. 7 of these 20 carriers were married to carriers of hemoglobinopathies. Our findings describe the genetic basis of borderline HbA2 levels and emphasize the necessity of a molecular diagnosis in these individuals in the routine clinical setting.

Microcytosis in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.

Partial deficiency of the last enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway, namely, ferrochelatase (FECH), is responsible for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) in humans. This disorder is characterized by painful skin photosensitivity, due to excessive protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) production in erythrocytes. Although several papers report the presence of iron deficiency anemia in about 50% of EPP patients, there is still no a conclusive explanation of the why this occurs. In the present work, we explored hematological indices and iron status in 20 unrelated Italian EPP patients in order to propose a new hypothesis. Our data show that microcytosis is present in EPP patients also in the absence of anemia and iron deficiency with a link between PPIX accumulation and reduced MCV, probably indicating an indirect condition of heme deficiency. Patients studied had a downward shift of iron parameters due to increased hepcidin concentrations only in a state of repleted iron stores. Interestingly, hemoglobin synthesis was not limited by iron supply except in cases with further iron loss, in which concomitantly increased soluble transferrin (Tf) receptor (sTfR) levels were detected. The mechanisms involved in the iron uptake downregulation in EPP remain unclear, and the role of PPIX accumulation in microcytosis.

Features of sinus rhythm restoration in patients with paroxysmal and persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation and previous COVID-19 infection in iron-deficiency anaemia

Background. Currently, there are conclusive data in the literature on the effect of reduced haemoglobin concentration on sinus rhythm restoration in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. It is relevant to study the features of rhythm restoration in patients with anaemia and atrial fibrillation in COVID-19 infection.&#x0D; Aim. To study the effects of iron-deficiency anaemia on sinus rhythm restoration rate and the dose of amiodarone required for this in patients with paroxysmal and persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation and previous COVID-19 infection.&#x0D; Material and methods. The study included 63 patients aged between 53 and 94 years (mean age 60.810.9 years): 26 men (41.3%) and 37 women (58.7%). The patients were divided into groups according to the presence of anaemia and computed tomography staging (CT severity score) of lung damage. Criteria for inclusion: paroxysmal or persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation; previous COVID-infection (according to the documents, medical records). We took into account medical histories, laboratory and instrumental findings, as well as treatment. The statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistica 13.3 software. The obtained data were presented as M or Me [Q1; Q3]. The differences between the indicators were assessed using Students t test, the MannWhitney U test and the KruskalWallis H test. Nominal variables were compared by using Pearsons 2 test with Yates correction or Fishers criterion. The relationship between the parameters was assessed using the Pearsons or Spearmans correlation coefficient. A p 0.05 was considered statistically significant.&#x0D; Results. The patients with normal haemoglobin concentration restored sinus rhythm for 10 [4; 13] hours and the patients with iron-deficiency anaemia for 5.5 [2; 10] hours (p=0.044). In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, we found a direct correlation between the degree of lung damage and the dose of amiodarone (r=0.33, p 0.05), as well as the time of sinus rhythm restoration (r=0.48, p 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion. The presence of iron-deficiency anaemia in patients with previous COVID-19 infection and paroxysmal and persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation is associated with a shorter time and a lower dose of amiodarone required for successful sinus rhythm restoration in comparison to patients with normal haemoglobin concentration; in patients with more severe lung damage caused by COVID-19 pneumonia, it takes more time and a large dose of amiodarone for sinus rhythm restoration.

Plummer-Vinson syndrome in primary Sjögren syndrome: a case-based review

This study aimed to describe a patient with Sjögren syndrome who developed Plummer-Vinson syndrome, and to review the literature and describe shared aspects of this rare association. A systematic screening of articles was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, dating 1940 to 2020. All the articles included the association between Sjögren syndrome and Plummer-Vinson syndrome. No language restriction was applied. The following terms were used: "Sjögren syndrome" or "sicca syndrome" and "Plummer-Vinson syndrome" or "Paterson-Kelly syndrome." We performed our analysis by adding our present case, with a total of 4 cases. Three out of four were female (75%), age varied from 56 to 58years old. In 2 cases, Sjögren syndrome preceded Plummer-Vinson syndrome diagnosis, and in 1 report, Plummer-Vinson syndrome appeared before Sjögren syndrome. Disease duration varied from 7 to 20years. In two cases, autoantibodies were available, and antinuclear antibodies and anti-Ro/SS-A were positive in both, and anti-La/SS-B in one of them was associated with anti-dsDNA; however, no data regarding lupus was available in the article. Treatment involved iron supplementation in 3/3. Two out of three received parenteral iron supplementation, and in these two cases, mechanical esophageal dilatation was needless. In the other case, an additional endoscopic esophageal dilatation was necessary to receive the oral iron supplement. All 3 cases had a good outcome. This case illustrates a patient with Sjögren syndrome who developed the rare Plummer-Vinson syndrome. In Sjögren syndrome, the presence of iron-deficiency anemia, dysphagia, and weight loss should alert the physician to search for associated Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Iron, Ferritin and Hepcidin Levels in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia

This study was conducted to identify the role of some blood parameters, levels of some hormones, proteins, and cellular kinetics that have a role in iron transport and storage, in addition to their relationship with each other and with blood and sex parameters for patients with severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia, and to compare the parameters with healthy people. The study period lasted for the period from (December 2020 until March 2021) The presence of iron deficiency anemia was confirmed by examining the blood picture and the criteria of hepcidin and ferritin. The results showed a significant decrease in the in the concentration of hepcidin, ferritin and iron in patients compared to the control group.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANEMIA AND BONE PROFILE IN NON-DIALYSIS DEPENDENT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ANEMIA AND BONE PROFILE IN CKD

Objective: To determine association between iron deficiency anemia and bone profile in cases of chronic kidney disease not undergoing dialysis.&#x0D; Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in collaboration with department of Nephrology, Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Oct 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 300 chronic kidney disease patients who were not dependent on any kind of dialysis were included in our study. Chronic kidney disease was confirmed according to National Kidney Foundation/Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative criteria. Hemoglobin, Mean corpuscular volume and ferritin levels were used to diagnose iron deficiency anemia. Association of Calcium, inorganic Phosphorous, Magnesium, Alkaline phosphatase and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) was determined with iron deficiency anemia.&#x0D; Results: Out of 300 patients studied 201 (67%) were females while 99 (33%) were males. Mean age of participants was 43.51 ± 5.652 years. Mean duration of chronic kidney disease was 4.36 ± 3.712 years. One hundred and forty one (47%) patients had no anemia while 159 (53%) had presence of iron deficiency anemia. After applying binary logistic regression analysis hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia were noted to have a statistically significant association with iron deficiency anemia in the target sample size.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study revealed a high frequency of iron deficiency anemia in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia were found having strong association with presence of iron deficiency anemia in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease patients.