Intake of Acetylsalicylic Acid and High Age Are Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Large Diaphragmatic Hernias

Abstract

Introduction: In 15% of patients with iron deficiency anemia, large diaphragmatic hernias are found as the cause of chronic iron loss. Conversely, iron deficiency anemia is present in 10–40% of diaphragmatic hernia patients. However, it is unclear why some patients with large diaphragmatic hernias develop anemia and others do not. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 116 patients with diaphragmatic hernias larger than 5 cm for the presence of anemia and the effect of surgery on this anemia, dividing these patients into 4 groups (group A: 21 patients with anemia/surgery, group B: 27 patients without anemia but with surgery, group C: 34 patients with anemia but without surgery, and group D: 34 patients without anemia/surgery). Results: Women significantly predominated in the patient population (76%). Patients with iron deficiency anemia tended to be significantly older than patients without iron deficiency anemia (74.7 ± 12.2 vs. 69.6 ± 14.8 years, p = 0.08). The proportion of patients taking ASA was significantly higher in the anemia collective (41.8% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.001). Regression analysis further confirmed that higher age and ASA intake correlated significantly with lower hemoglobin in anemic patients. Performing hernia repair significantly decreased anemia rates and PPI use in the anemia patients, while both remained almost the same in the non-operated anemia patients. Conclusion: ASA use and advanced age are risk factors for the presence of iron deficiency anemia in patients with large diaphragmatic hernias. Surgical hernia repair is suitable to reduce anemia.