Chondroitin Sulfate Preparations Research Articles

Facile preparation of gold nanoparticle-decorated chondroitin sulfate composited formulation to reduce osteoporosis in rats with ovariectomies by regulating the microbiota by MAPK signaling pathway.

Facile preparation of gold nanoparticle-decorated chondroitin sulfate composited formulation to reduce osteoporosis in rats with ovariectomies by regulating the microbiota by MAPK signaling pathway.

Oral preparation of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine, and vitamin C improves sexual and urinary symptoms in participants with recurrent urinary tract infections: a randomized crossover trial.

Intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid (HA) has been associated with reduced sexual dysfunction in participants with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs), but the efficacy of an oral treatment has never been investigated. To investigate the efficacy of an oral preparation of HA, chondroitin sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine, and vitamin C in improving sexual and urinary symptoms in a cohort of reproductive-age participants with rUTI. In a monocentric randomized crossover pilot trial, participants with rUTI who were referred to our institute between March 2022 and April 2023 were randomized 1:1 in 2 groups: intervention vs control. All participants had an oral preparation of cranberry, D-mannose, propolis extract, turmeric, and Boswellia twice a day for 3 months. The intervention group also included an oral preparation of HA, chondroitin sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine, and vitamin C once a day for 3 months. Crossover of treatment occurred at 3 months for an additional 3 months. At baseline and 3 and 6 months, participants were evaluated clinically and with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models tested the impact of the intervention on urinary and sexual symptoms at each follow-up assessment. Improvement in sexual and urinary symptoms as measured by the FSFI and IPSS. Overall, 27 (54%) participants had an FSFI score <26.5 at enrollment. At 3 months, FSFI scores were higher in the intervention group vs control (P < .001), but IPSS scores were lower (P = .03). After crossover of treatment, FSFI and IPSS scores remained stable in the intervention group. However, after crossover, the control group showed a significant improvement in IPSS and FSFI scores (all P < .01) vs the 3-month assessment. At last follow-up, urinary and sexual symptoms were comparable between groups. In logistic regression analyses, the intervention group was associated with early improvement in sexual symptoms (odds ratio, 3.9; P = .04) and urinary symptoms (odds ratio, 5.1; P = .01) after accounting for clinical confounders. Combination treatment with HA, chondroitin sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine, and vitamin C is effective if started immediately or even after a few months from symptoms in participants with rUTI. The main limitation is the lack of long-term follow-up. The oral formulation of HA, chondroitin sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine, and vitamin C could be an effective therapy against urinary and sexual distress in participants with rUTI (NCT06268483; ClinicalTrials.gov).

Preparation of chondroitin sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels as drug carriers

The chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol based pH-sensitive hydrogels (CHS/PVA hydrogels) were synthesized by a free radical polymerization technique for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium up to 72 h. Polymers chondroitin sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol were crosslinked with monomer acrylic acid by a cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate in the presence of initiator ammonium persulfate. The process of polymerization was continued for 24 h at 65 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated successful polymerization and crosslinking among the hydrogel contents. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies demonstrated that fabricated hydrogel has higher thermal stability. The pH sensitivity of designed CHS/PVA hydrogel was investigated by performing dynamic swelling and in vitro drug release tests in pH 1.2, 4.6, and 7.4 medium. Maximum swelling was observed at pH 7.4 when compared to pH 1.2 and 4.6. The sequence of drug release from the developed hydrogel was; pH 7.4 > 4.6 > 1.2. It has been shown that porosity, swelling, and release rate of diclofenac increased with the addition of chondroitin sulfate and acrylic acid, while decreased with increasing PVA composition. Cytotoxicity studies showed that the prepared hydrogel has no toxic effect on T84. Therefore, it can be demonstrated from the results that the CHS/PVA cross-linked hydrogel can be considered as a potential delivery carrier for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium.

A Review of Chondroitin Sulfate's Preparation, Properties, Functions, and Applications.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a natural macromolecule polysaccharide that is extensively distributed in a wide variety of organisms. CS is of great interest to researchers due to its many in vitro and in vivo functions. CS production derives from a diverse number of sources, including but not limited to extraction from various animals or fish, bio-synthesis, and fermentation, and its purity and homogeneity can vary greatly. The structural diversity of CS with respect to sulfation and saccharide content endows this molecule with distinct complexity, allowing for functional modification. These multiple functions contribute to the application of CS in medicines, biomaterials, and functional foods. In this article, we discuss the preparation of CS from different sources, the structure of various forms of CS, and its binding to other relevant molecules. Moreover, for the creation of this article, the functions and applications of CS were reviewed, with an emphasis on drug discovery, hydrogel formation, delivery systems, and food supplements. We conclude that analyzing some perspectives on structural modifications and preparation methods could potentially influence future applications of CS in medical and biomaterial research.

Preparation of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate from different sources by H2O2/ascorbic acid degradation and its degradation mechanism

Low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate (LMCS) has attention for enhanced bioavailability and bioactivity compared to native CS. We optimized H2O2/ ascorbic acid (Vc) degradation conditions to prepare LMCS from chicken, bovine, and shark cartilages. Degradation kinetics models and chemical composition data of LMCS showed the GlcA residues of chondroitin-4-sulfate (CSA) may be preferentially attacked. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) indicated that the CH of GlcA in CS was broken through a hydrogen abstraction reaction to break the β-(1 → 3) bond and form the hexendioic acid product. Standard density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the energy required for the hydrogen abstraction from the C1-H bond in GlcA was lower than that of GalNAc. Molecular dynamics (MD) showed that CSA was more likely to interact with hydroxyl radicals (·OH) than non-sulfated chondroitin (CSO) and chondroitin-6-sulfate (CSC). These results provide guidance for producing LMCS.

HPLC-MS Characterization of Tissue-Derived Heparan Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are built up of repeating disaccharide units resulting in long, linear polysaccharide chains. In most classes of GAGs, sulfation and epimerization complicate the structure of the chain and influence biochemical functions. The most widespread way of their investigation by instrumental analytical techniques is to degrade them into the constituent disaccharide building blocks, followed by capillary electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation. The analysis of GAG disaccharides with varying sulfation degrees poses a real challenge both from chromatographic and mass spectrometric (MS) points of view. This necessitates the constant improvement of their analytical methodology. In this chapter, an optimized workflow will be discussed for the sample preparation and subsequent HPLC-MS characterization of tissue-derived chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate.

Текущее положение сульфата хондроитина и сульфата глюкозамина в терапии остеоартрита

Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease that causes the development of permanent disability of the patient and is a significant social and economic burden on the health care system of developed countries. It should be noted that the current variability of approaches to the treatment of osteoarthritis is due to a number of factors, including differences in etiology, severity of course, and clinical symptomatology of the disease, which must be analyzed and taken into account when choosing therapy. The modern approach to therapy of osteoarthritis includes the use of symptomatic slow-acting drugs (SYSADOA). Objective: to review the literature data on the role of SYSADOA in the therapeutic arsenal of patients with osteoarthritis. Materials and methods. Literature review and analysis was conducted by keyword using electronic resources of PubMed, MedLine databases in the period from 2010 to 2023. Results. The analysis of the studies conducted to date on the establishment, validity and feasibility of the group of symptomatic slow-acting drugs in the therapy of OA to control the progression of the disease showed the presence of very controversial and debatable provisions, which is associated with a diverse range of available glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate drugs. The greatest evidence base and efficacy are found in prescription preparations of crystalline glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Conclusion. The use of SYSADOA requires further study, including randomized placebo-controlled trials using modern joint imaging techniques.

The structures and applications of microbial chondroitin AC lyase.

As an important glycosaminoglycan hydrolase, chondroitin lyases can hydrolyze chondroitin sulfate (CS) and release disaccharides and oligosaccharides. They are further divided into chondroitin AC, ABC, and B lyases according to their spatial structure and substrate specificity. Chondroitin AC lyase can hydrolyze chondroitin sulfate A (CS-A), chondroitin sulfate C (CS-C), and hyaluronic acid (HA), making it an essential biocatalyst for the preparation of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate, analysis of the structure of the chondroitin sulfate, treatment of spinal cord injury, and purification of heparin. This paper provides an overview of reported chondroitin AC lyases, including their properties and the challenges faced in industrial applications. Up to now, although many attempts have been adopted to improve the enzyme properties, the most important factors are still the low activity and stability. The relations between the stability of the enzyme and the spatial structure were also summarized and discussed. Also perspectives for remodeling the enzymes with protein engineering are included.

Oral Preparation of Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin Sulfate, Curcumin, and Quercetin (Ialuril® Soft Gels) for the Prevention of LUTS after Intravesical Chemotherapy.

Intravesical chemotherapy may cause chemical cystitis and related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an oral preparation of hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), curcumin, and quercetin (Ialuril® Soft Gels) to reduce the severity of LUTS in patients with a history of bladder cancer (BCa) undergoing intravesical chemotherapy. We designed a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Patients referred to our institute between November 2016 and March 2018 were enrolled. All subjects had non-muscle-invasive BCa and received intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC). Patients were randomized 1:1 in two groups (intervention vs. control). All subjects underwent oral administration (Ialuril® Soft Gels or placebo) starting one week before the first weekly instillation and ending 30 days after the last one, subsequently starting one week before each monthly instillation and ending 14 days after it. International prostate symptom score (IPSS) and 0-100 visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess the efficacy of the treatment. Adverse events were also described. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 4, 7, and 13 months of intravesical chemotherapy. A total of 34 patients were enrolled. The median IPSS score was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group at 4 (13 vs. 17 points; p = 0.038), 7 (10 vs. 18 points; p < 0.001), and 13 (10 vs. 17 points; p = 0.002) months. The median VAS score was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group at 7 (22 vs. 37 points; p = 0.021) and 13 (20 vs. 35 points; p = 0.024) months. No AE specifically related to supplement or placebo was recorded. Oral formulation of HA, CS, quercetin, and curcumin could be an effective and safe supportive therapy against chemical cystitis in patients receiving intravesical chemotherapy for BCa.

Preparation and characterization of chondroitin sulfate from large hybrid sturgeon cartilage by hot-pressure and its effects on acceleration of wound healing

In this paper, a combination of hot-pressure, enzymatic hydrolysis and membrane separation process is used for efficiently and environmentally friendly extraction of chondroitin sulfate (CS) from large hybrid sturgeon cartilage, namely, HPCS. The recovery and yield of CS were 93.68% and 36.47% under the optimized conditions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that the HPCS was composed of monosulfated disaccharides in position 6 and 4 of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (58.38% and 27.34%, respectively) and nonsulfated disaccharide (14.29%), which was similar to the composition of CS extracted by dilute alkali-enzymatic hydrolysis-chemical precipitation from large hybrid sturgeon cartilage (SCS). The wound healing results indicated that HPCS could promote cell migration and proliferation, alleviate inflammation and facilitate angiogenesis, which results in its excellent wound treatment activity. These results provide theoretical and practical significance for the production and application of chondroitin sulfate.

Comprehensive analysis of chondroitin sulfate and aggrecan in the head cartilage of bony fishes: Identification of proteoglycans in the head cartilage of sturgeon

Cartilage in the head of sturgeon or salmon has been gaining attention as a rich source of functional chondroitin sulfate (CS) or proteoglycans. Although the cartilage was found in the heads of other bony fishes, the structure of CS and its core protein, especially aggrecan, was not fully investigated. In this study, comprehensive analysis of CS and aggrecan in the head cartilage of 10 bony fishes including sturgeon and salmon was performed. The 4-O-sulfation to 6-O-sulfation ratio (4S/6S ratio; S: sulfate residue) of CS in Perciformes was ≧1.0, while the 4S/6S ratios of CS from sturgeons and salmon were less than 0.5. Dot blotting and proteomic analysis revealed that aggrecan was a major core protein in head cartilage of all bony fishes. These results suggest that the head cartilage of bony fishes is a promising source for the preparation of CS or proteoglycans as a health food ingredient.

Порівняльний аналіз ефективності препаратів хондроїтину сульфату, гіалуронової кислоти та артроскопічного оперативного втручання при початкових стадіях коксартрозу

Актуальність. Залишається під сумнівом кінцева ефективність сучасних препаратів, що модифікують перебіг хвороби, особливо їх вплив на віддалені наслідки остеоартрозу кульшового суглоба. До того ж залишається контраверсійним питання: що є більш ефективним у лікуванні остеоартрозу — артроскопічне оперативне втручання чи медикаментозна терапія? Мета дослідження: оцінити та порівняти клінічну ефективність препаратів гіалуронової кислоти, хондроїтину сульфату, а також артроскопічного оперативного втручання в лікуванні початкових стадій коксартрозу за 6 місяців. Матеріали та методи. У проведеному нами дослідженні у хворих із початковими стадіями коксартрозу вивчалася клінічна ефективність терапії препаратами хондроїтину сульфату (як системним хондропротектором), препаратом гіалуронової кислоти, що вводився внутрішньосуглобово, та артроскопічних оперативних втручань. В обстежених пацієнтів оцінювали інтенсивність больового синдрому за візуально-аналоговою шкалою болю та рухову функцію кульшового суглоба за модифікованою шкалою Харріса, а також терапевтичний ефект (на думку хворого й лікаря). Клінічні показники визначалися до початку терапії та в терміні спостереження 1, 3 та 6 місяців. Результати. Виявлено, що поєднання нестероїдних протизапальних препаратів із симптом-модифікуючими препаратами сповільненої дії сприяє зниженню вираженості больового синдрому у хворих із початковими стадіями коксартозу. Внутрішньосуглобове введення гіалуронової кислоти сприяє поліпшенню рухової функції ураженого суглоба та повсякденної активності хворих цієї категорії. Після артроскопічного оперативного втручання позитивна динаміка больового синдрому та функціональної здатності тазостегнового суглоба відзначається через 3 місяці після операції, а через 6 місяців мають місце вірогідно менша інтенсивність больового синдрому та поліпшення функціональних можливостей пацієнтів порівняно з тими, хто отримував медикаментозну терапію. Висновки. Згідно з результатами загальної оцінки ефективності лікування пацієнтом і лікарем за підсумками шестимісячної терапії, більш виражене поліпшення функціонального стану кульшових суглобів виявлено після артроскопічного лікування, ніж на тлі проведеної фармакотерапії.

The significance of the original characteristics of the active substance of injectable chondroitin sulfate preparations for intramuscular injections in the evidence-based medicine

Given the data from normative control resources and the research and development information system of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation, we were unable to review the results and the quality of publications comprising method development and analytical validation of quantitative and qualitative values of injectable chondroitin sulfate preparations for intramuscular injections.&#x0D; Therefore, the results obtained in the research The development of a method for determining the intrinsic viscosity of an injectable chondroitin sodium sulfate preparation for intramuscular injections of 100 mg/ml, 2 ml remain valid, the method is considered reliable and practical.&#x0D; The materials and methods used in the research The development of a method for determining the intrinsic viscosity of an injectable chondroitin sulfate preparation have provided the possibility to determine the intrinsic viscosity for injectable chondroitin sodium sulfate preparations for intramuscular injections and the use of 0.2 M sodium chloride solution as a solvent. Also, the viscosity of the tested solutions in the concentration range of chondroitin sulfate 4.5-20 mg/ml was accurately сalculated, the value of the intrinsic viscosity determined for each of the preparations under test was in the range of 0.03-0.042 m3/kg.&#x0D; This study presents the results of a review of recent information, published in a number of academic journals, concerning modern approaches to the treatment and major clinical problems when applying chondroprotectors for arthrological diseases treatment.&#x0D; Considering the continuing interest in chondroprotectors, stability problems with formulations and modern possibilities in the application of machine learning in drug discovery, additional pharmaceutical design research (Drug design) is expected - from the docking stage to the quantum calculations stage.

Differential Secretome Profiling of Human Osteoarthritic Synoviocytes Treated with Biotechnological Unsulfated and Marine Sulfated Chondroitins

Symptomatic slow-acting drugs (SYSADOA) are increasingly used as effective therapies for osteoarthritis, representing an attractive alternative to analgesics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve disease symptoms. Pharmaceutical preparations of chondroitin sulfate, derived from animal sources, alone or in combination with glucosamine sulfate, are widely recognized for their beneficial effect on osteoarthritis treatment. A growing interest has also been devoted to understanding the molecular mechanisms modulated by SYSADOA using -omic strategies, most of which rely on chondrocytes as a model system. In this work, by using an integrated strategy based on unbiased proteomics and targeted cytokine profiling by a multiplexed protein array, we identified differences in the secretomes of human osteoarthritic synoviocytes in response to biotechnological unsulfated, and marine sulfated chondroitins treatments. The combined strategy allowed the identification of candidate proteins showing both common and distinct regulation responses to the two treatments of chondroitins. These molecules, mainly belonging to ECM proteins, enzymes, enzymatic inhibitors and cytokines, are potentially correlated to treatment outcomes. Overall, the present results provide an integrated overview of protein changes in human osteoarthritic synoviocytes secretome associated to different chondroitin treatments, thus improving current knowledge of the biochemical effects driven by these drugs potentially involved in pathways associated to osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

Expression of Ptgs2 and Tgfb1 Genes in Rat Cartilage Cells of the Knee under Conditions of Osteoarthritis

The biochemical and molecular analysis of rat cartilage tissue with monosodium iodoacetateinduced osteoarthritis established the increase in the expression levels of Ptgs2 and Tgfb1 genes and the increase in ROS production compared to the corresponding control group of animals. This indicates the activation of inflammatory and destructive processes, impairment of the cellular redox balance, and the development of oxidative stress in the tissues. When using a chondroitin sulfate preparation under the same conditions, the expression levels of these genes, as well as the content of the superoxide anion radical and organic hydroperoxides, were closer to control values compared with experimental osteoarthritis, indicating the antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of the drug used and its efficiency in osteoarthritis treatment.

Preparation and structural characterization of regioselective 4-O/6-O-desulfated chondroitin sulfate

The sulfation pattern plays a crucial role in chondroitin sulfate (CS) biological activity, and preparation of CS with defined structure is essential for accurate pharmacological study. In this study, we focused on the preparation of regioselective 4-O/6-O-desulfated CS derived from porcine, employing a dimethyl sulfoxide-methanol (DMSO-MeOH) method and an N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) -trifluoroacetamide (MTSTFA) method CS, respectively. Results showed that the sulfate at C4 position (4-O-S) of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) was selectively removed by the DMSO-MeOH method, and the sulfate at C6 position (6-O-S) of GalNAc was selectively removed by the MTSTFA method. Structures of desulfated CS were characterized by means of FT-IR, NMR and disaccharide composition analysis. The preparations of regioselective 4-O/6-O-desulfated CS are powerful for the study of structure-activity relationship of CS.

Access to Highly Purified Chondroitin Sulfate for Appropriate Treatment of Osteoarthritis: A Review

Current pharmacological therapies for osteoarthritis are symptom-focused and aimed at controlling pain. However, currently approved symptom-modifying agents do not restore the structure and function of damaged joints. Symptomatic slow-acting drugs in osteoarthritis (SySADOAs), including the sulfated glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, have shown promising beneficial effects on the pain and other symptoms of osteoarthritis, and some may also have a positive effect on cartilage, slowing the progression of joint deterioration in osteoarthritis. A highly-purified, standardized, pharmaceutical-grade preparation of chondroitin sulfate has shown activity in osteoarthritis and has become one of the most prescribed SySADOAs. However, in many countries, formulations of chondroitin sulfate of various sources and purity are available as food supplements or nutraceuticals. As the effects of chondroitin sulfate could vary according to the characteristics of the chondroitin sulfate employed, including source, purity, or structural organization, clinical data from well-designed studies of pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate should not be extrapolated to support clinical efficacy claims of food supplements; nor should results from trials of chondroitin sulfate-containing food supplements be used to draw conclusions about the efficacy of pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate. This article reviews the evidence for the role of highly-purified pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis and examines the efficacy and safety concerns of other formulations of chondroitin sulfate. Highly-purified pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate has mild-to-moderate efficacy in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis, with clinically meaningful efficacy.

Analysis of influence of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on biochemical values of the blood and adipokines content in patients with arterial hypertension, osteoarthritis and its combination with optimal and increased body weight

Combination of arterial hypertension and osteoarthritis especially on the background of overweight leads to the heavier clinical course of diseases.The aim of research was to study is it any therapeutic advantage in the use of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), osteoarthritis (OA) and its combination in the aspect of hypolipidemic influence and adipokines level.Materials: There were examined 100 patients, 35 – with AH, 35 – with OA and 30 – with AH in combination with OA. The men-women ratio was 2,5:1, the mean age – 49,6±8,9 years. The mean AH duration was 7,4±3,8 years, the clinical presentation of disease corresponded with II stage. The prescription of osteoarthritis was 8,4±4,6 years the clinical presentation corresponded with OA 2-3 stages without the signs of synovitis.The control examinations were carried out in the group of practically healthy persons (n=22) comparable with the patients of other groups on age and sex. The blood for biochemical studies was taken on the first day of being in hospital approximately at the same time 9-10 a.m. fasting. The adipokines level was detected using immune-enzyme analysis.Depending on nosology all patients received the basal therapy that included: at AH – ACE inhibitors (lisinopril, enalapril), at OA – non-steroid anti-inflammatory preparations (meloxicam, ibuprofen, diclofenak sodium), chondroprotectors (mukosat, alflutop). Patients with the signs of dyslipidemia received hypolipidemic medical preparations (rosuvastatin).All patients with signs of hyperglycemia were randomly divided in two groups that included equal number of persons with all variants of nosologies. The group of comparison (50 persons) received depending on nosology basal therapy that included: at AH – ACE inhibitors (lisinopril), at OA – non-steroid anti-inflammatory preparations (meloxicam, ibuprofen, diclofenak sodium), chondroitin sulfate preparations (mukosat, alflutop). Patients with the signs of dyslipidemia received hypolipidemic medical preparations (rosuvastin). Patients of the main group (50 persons) were additionally prescribed with preparation that contains omega-3-PUFA – Epadol Neo as a source of omega-3-PUFA, 1 capsule 2 times for day for two month.All data were assessed using methods of variation analysis.Results. The standard therapy of the group of comparison partially improved dyslipidemic changes. The content of general cholesterol was decreased from 5,8±0,41 to 4,7±0,32 mmol/l (p&lt;0,05). The use of omega-3-PUFA resulted in further improvement (4.4±0,22 mmol/l) in the main group. The same positive dynamics was detected for other indices – the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content increased after treatment from 1,5±0,11 to 1,6±0,21 mmol/l in the group of comparison and to 1,76±0,13 (p&lt;0,05) in the main group; triglycerides content in the main group and in the group of comparison came back to the normal values: 2,3±0,14 mmol/l before treatment; 1,8±0,08 mmol/l (p&lt;0,05) and 1,6±0,01 mmol/l (p&lt;0,05) in the group of comparison and іn the main one respectively.The treatment with the use of standard preparations has no influence on both adipokines level. Additional use of omega-3-PUFA significantly and reliably decreased the leptin content in the blood of patients with AH and overweight: from 49,2±5,48 ng/ml to 16,5±3,48 ng/ml (p&lt;0,05). The less dynamics was observed in patients with OA and combination of AH and OA: the decrease of leptin level in blood from 40,5±4,3 to 34,1±4,94 ng/ml (p&lt;0,05) and from 55,4±6,62 ng/ml to 38,6±3,62 ng/ml (p&lt;0,05).Adiponectin content was sensitive to treatment. Positive statistically reliable changes were observed in patients of the main group with all studied pathologies (isolated AH, OA and its combination) after 2 month of use of omega-3-PUFA.Conclusions: The use of omega-3-PUFA in the complex treatment is effective for patients with AH and AH with concomitant OA as to hyperlipidemia correction. It favors the renewal of natural balance of adipokines: diminishes the leptin level, increases the adiponectin content

Исследование эффективности, безопасности и переносимости сочетанного применения препаратов глюкозамина сульфата («артракам») и хондроитинА сульфата («артрадол») у пациентов с остеоартрозом коленных суставов

im. Assessment the efficacy and safety of combined use of drugs «Artradol» (chondroitin sulfate) and «Artrakam» (glucosamine sulfate) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Material and methods. We examined 30 patients with a diagnosis of OA of knee joints and severe pain, mean age of (58,7±5,1) years; mean duration of disease was (5,9±2,9) years. Patients were administered preparations of chondroitin sulfate («Artradol») and intramuscular glucosamine sulfate («Artrakam») alternating every other day for 2 months. Efficacy of therapy was determined after 1 and 2 months of treatment for dynamics of indices: the pain intensity in the joint (VAS), the circumference of the joint, the WOMAC index, the need for NSAIDs, the effectiveness of the therapy according to the patient and the doctor. Results. After 2 months of therapy with preparations of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate there was a significant (p<0,05) reduction of pain during movement, tenderness of joints on palpation, circumference of knee joint, reduction of the WOMAC index, the time of passing the distance of 15 meters, need to NSAIDs, relief of local inflammation in the joints. Efficacy of therapy was assessed by patients and doctors as good and satisfactory. Serious side effects have been reported. Conclusion. Combination therapy drugs «Artradol» and «Artrakam» is effective in the treatment of knee OA.

Degradation of chondroitin sulfate by the gut microbiota of Chinese individuals

Oral preparations of chondroitin sulfate (CS) have long been used as anti-osteoarthritis (anti-OA) drugs. However, little is known about the degradation of CS by human gut microbiota. In the present study, degradation profiles of CSA (the main constituent of CS drugs) by the human gut microbiota from six healthy subjects were investigated. Each individual’s microbiota had differing degradation activities, but ΔUA-GalNAc4S was the end product in all cases. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, different CSA-degrading bacteria were isolated from each individual’s microbiota and tested for CSA degradation. In addition to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron J1, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 82 and Bacteroides ovatus E3, a new CSA-degrading bacterium, Clostridium hathewayi R4, was isolated and characterized. Interestingly, at least two different CSA-degrading species were identified from each individual’s gut microbiota. Predictably, these functional bacteria also had differing degradation rates, but still generated the same end product, ΔUA-GalNAc4S. In addition, the human fecal isolates produced different degradation profiles for CSC, CSD, and CSE, suggesting that CS could be readily metabolized to varying extents by diverse microbial consortiums, which may help to explain the poor bioavailability and unequal efficacy of CS among individuals in OA treatment.