Preparation Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Mitigation of Membrane Fouling in Waste Water Treatment Plants by Using MBBR & Sponge Membrane Bioreactor (Sponge-MBR)

A membrane bioreactor system is used to treat domestic wastewater by activated sludge-membrane bioreactor (AS-MBR). Two configurations; moving bed bioreactor, sponge-membrane bio reactor (MBBR & Sponge-MBR) and one nanocomposite membrane have been successfully designed to diminish membrane fouling caused by activated sludge. The classical phase inversion was harnessed to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles embeded with polyphenyl sulfone nanocomposite membranes ZnO/PPSU using 1.5 g ZnO. Prepared nanocomposite membrane surface was fully characterized by a series of experimental tools, e.g., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and contact angle (CA), pore size and pore size distribution. The testing procedure was performed through an AS-MBR system as a reference and the results were compared with the configurations obtained from the moving bed (MBBR-MBR) and sponge-MBR, in presence of layer of dense polyurethane sponge (15 x10 x1.5 cm) systems. The fouling reduction of the membrane has improved significantly and thus the overall long-term increased by 145% compared with the control AS-MBR configuration. The experimental results showcased that sponge-MBR were capable of adsorbing activated sludge and other contaminants to minimize the membrane fouling. The sponge-MBR was capable of eliminating nitrogen and phosphorus by 71% and 80%, respectively.

ICMMS-2: Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles in Presence of Triethanolamine (TEA) as Surfactant Via Sol-Gel

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have a great interest due to their important electrical and optical properties that have the potential to bring benefits to many areas of research and application. The present study is the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Sol–gel chemical method and the preparation using surfactant. The surfactant used was triethanolamine (TEA). Surfactant and unsurfactant ZnO nanoparticles were prepared to accomplish a comparative study. the properties of the prepared ZnO NPs have been characterized with the aid of many analytical techniques including Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The surfactant used was triethanolamine (TEA). The obtained ZnO NPs were spherical with average size of 79 nm without agglomeration. FTIR spectra showed the adsorption of TEA on the ZnO surface. The results of the UV-vis studies showed a decrease in band gap energy of 2.23eV as compared with the unsurfactant value of ZnO (3.28eV). Surfactant ZnO nanoparticles showed larger crystallite size and smaller bandgap in contrast to unsurfactant ZnO nanoparticles. TEA can use for prepare of nanomaterials with different properties for specific applications.

QTAIM and ELF topological analyses of zinc-amido complexes

The structures of three dinuclear zinc-amido complexes, involved in the very first step of the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles via an organometallic route, have been investigated by density functional theory computational studies. The various zinc–nitrogen and zinc–cyclohexyl bonds are finely characterized using quantum theory of atoms in molecules and electron localization function (ELF) topological analyses. The results are compared to the topological analyses of parent zinc-amido or zinc-alkyl complexes, for which an experimental structure has been already reported. The original two-component dative zinc-amido bond is unravelled by ELF topological analysis. Fukui indices condensed on the ELF basins allow for the comparison of the chemical reactivity of the three dinuclear zinc-amido complexes. The larger sensitivity to electrophilic attack of the terminal zinc-amido bonds with respect to the bridging intracyclic zinc-amido bonds or with respect to the terminal zinc–cyclohexyl bonds is evidenced.

Preparation of ZnO nanoparticles modified with silane coupling-agents to fabricate anti-UV Poly(vinyl chloride) films.

The uses of inorganic metal oxide as ultraviolet (UV) absorbers have potential to increase the production of UV protection and can also overcome the disadvantages of organic molecules. In this article, we report an effective technique to fabricating polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films with well UV shielding efficiency. Surface modification of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) with different silane coupling-agents were achieved, and through solution casting technique dispersed within the PVC matrix. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV spectrophotometer were applied to study the structures, dispersions, and optical properties. The results showed that the functionalized ZnO NPs could be well dispersed in PVC and endow the polymer composite films with significantly improved anti-UV capability. The facile processing and obtained properties of PVC composites have shown potential for low cost and environmentally sustainable applications in the UV protection field.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Zinc Oxide Doped with Chlorine Nanoparticles as Novel <i>α</i>-Amylase Inhibitors

In this study we used a chemical solution method from oxalic acid (OX. acid) and zinc acetate (ZnAc) to prepare Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles doped with Chlorine (Cl:ZnONPs). The characterizations (FTIR, X-ray, SEM, TEM) of ZnONPs and Cl:ZnONPs were determined. Amylase inhibitors of ZnONPs and Cl:ZnONPs also were determined. SEM indicated that the ZnONPs and Cl:ZnONPs have an average particle size of 46.65 - 74.64 nm. TEM images of the ZnONPs and Cl:ZnONPs showed the round shaped. Compounds b, d and e exhibited significant inhibitory activity against amylase enzyme (from 69.21 ± 1.44 to 76.32 ± 0.78), respectively, and were comparable with that of acarbose (86.32 ± 0.63) at 1000 μg, thereby, projecting ZnONPs and Cl:ZnONPs as α-amylase inhibitors.

Facile synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded activated carbon as an eco-friendly adsorbent for ultra-removal of malachite green from water

Green synthesis ultrasonic method is reported for the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (AC) derived from coffee waste. The zinc modified AC was used effectively for the elimination of malachite green (MG) from wastewater. The examined batch adsorption parameters are; initial pH (2–9), adsorbent dose (0.10–0.50 g/100 mL), mixing time (5–120 min), MG concentrations (25–300 mg/L) and temperature (298–318 K). XRD, SEM/EDS, FT-IR and TGA/DTA techniques were used to characterize the developed Zn(OH) 2 -AC composite. The results demonstrated that the adsorption capacity of Zn(OH) 2 -AC composite was improved with incremental of the initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature, and decreased as the Zn(OH) 2 -AC composite dose was increased. The Langmuir isotherm model ( R 2 = 0 .97) showed better conventionality than the Freundlich model ( R 2 = 0 .80) with a maximum removal capacity of 303.03 mg/g at 318 K and pH 7.0. The kinetic results revealed that the equilibrium data well follow the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic investigations indicated the spontaneous and endothermic removal of MG. The cycling test exhibited that the developed Zn(OH) 2 -AC composite had virtuous repeatable adsorption/desorption performance particularly until the fourth cycle. In addition to comparatively shorter adsorption time, relatively high adsorption capacity, reasonable reuse performance, and being of cost-effective and eco-friendly of the developed Zn(OH) 2 -AC composite make it economic, effective and hopeful adsorbent for cleaning MG containing wastewaters. • AC sorbent was produced from coffee waste with low cost material. • AC/zinc hydroxide nanoparticles composite was used to remove MG from aqueous solutions. • The dependency of the adsorption efficiency on the batch parameters was studied. • The maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 303.03 mg g − 1 . • The synthesized adsorbent can be promising sorbent for MG elimination from wastewaters.

Facile Preparation of ZnO Nanoparticles and Ag/ZnO Nanocomposite and Their Photocatalytic Activities under Visible Light

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been known as an excellent photocatalyst for the degradation of a variety of organic pollutants under UV irradiation. This work describes a synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via a facile precipitation method, and Ag was doped into Ag/ZnO nanocomposite to improve the photocatalytic degradation of BPA under visible light irradiation. The obtained ZnO nanoparticles were 20 nm in size and had a relatively high surface area and pore volume, 26.2 m2/g and 0.48 cm3/g, respectively. The deposition of Ag led to a decrease in the surface area, pore volume, and band gap energy ( E g ) of ZnO nanoparticles. However, the photocatalytic activity of Ag/ZnO composite in the case increased. The performance of ZnO was compared with Ag/ZnO composites at the different molar ratios, and the kinetic reaction of BPA in these catalysts was investigated by the first-order kinetic model. The sample of Ag/ZnO-10 composite had the highest catalytic activity and showed the degradation efficiency, reaction rate, and degradation capacity of 100% in 120 min, 0.014 min-1, and 40 mg/g, respectively. In comparison, the effects of Ag/ZnO molar ratio, catalyst dosage, solution pH, and concentration of BPA on photocatalytic degradation were investigated. Additionally, the photocatalytic performance of Ag/ZnO-10 composite was evaluated by the degradation of other persistent organic compounds such as phenol, tartrazine, and methylene blue and compared to other catalysts in literature.

Onion based zinc oxide nanoparticles ability as electrochemical sensor

This work describes the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) from onion extract through a combination of microwave irradiation and muffle furnace in less than 2 h. Characterization with UV-VIS, FT-IR, and XRD has confirmed successful formation of nanoparticles. TEM analysis displayed the nanoparticles to be spherical shaped with an average size of 6.4 nm. The developed ZnO NP film displayed good sensing capability of dopamine and had an oxidation potential of + 0.3 V. Under optimized conditions (pH and scan rate), the ZnO NP-GCE is stable even at 500 RPM, showed good linearity in sensing dopamine within the tested range of 3.9 - 250 µM, has a limit of detection of 3.53 µM and stable electrocatalytic activity even after 30 cycles. The newly developed electrode can distinguish dopamine in a satisfactory way in presence of ascorbic acid and glucose and with 94.9 % of detection in human urine. This study also highlighted the potential of IO Rodeostat (an open source electrochemical workstation) as a feasible option in low resource laboratories to perform sensing studies.

Facile Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis Using Citrus reticulata Extract for Use in Optoelectronic Sensors

Waveguides are structures that can be used as sensors. After adding a cladding of a proper material, waveguides can be used for detecting specific chemical species. In particular, high band gap oxide semiconductors can be used as cladding for optical waveguides. In these materials, the synthesis processes are expensive or contaminant generators, for this reason novel approaches are required. This work addresses a simple synthesis method for the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Citrus reticulata extract. XRD presented only the wurtzite structure for the zinc oxide nanoparticles, while TEM showed size and shape homogeneity. The ZnO band gap was lower than commercial ZnO. Using a computer simulation and frequency dependent electrical characteristics, a waveguide model was tested. The resulting characteristics presented great parameters for using in optoelectronic sensors. Resulting ZnO NPs have negligible amounts of green matter afterwards, making this a non-toxic method. As a result, herein presented synthesis is a promising method for developing new optoelectronic sensors. These devices can be used for automatic detection of chemical species by automated systems.

Preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles using punica granatum and elettaria cardamomum fruit extract and determining its antibacterial activity against lactobacillus

To determine the antibacterial activity of Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesised using Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum fruit extract against Lactobacillus. Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum have been known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The phytochemicals present in these fruits have experimented for the preparation of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Zinc oxide is a widely used metal oxide nanoparticle known for its good antimicrobial activity against a host of microbes. The current study was conducted to determine its effect against Lactobacillus, a bacteria known for its role in the progression of dental caries. Preparation of fruit extract mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles. Determining the characteristics of the nanoparticles using UV spectroscopy and SEM. Analysing the activity of these nanoparticles against Lactobacillus using agar well diffusion method. The zone of inhibition increased if the concentration of the fruit mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles increased. But it was incomparable to the standards. Hence, further studies need to be conducted using different concentration of Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum to determine the optimum fruit extract required for the preparation of the nanoparticles. The resultant nanoparticles can be used as an effective antimicrobial agent against Lactobacillus

Synthesis of nano-zinc oxide with different morphologies and its application on fabrics for UV protection and microbe-resistant defense clothing

A liquid precipitation method was used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles in three diverse media: water, methanol, and ethylene glycol. The studied materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a hexagonal Wurtzite structure of zinc oxide with a nanocrystalline size. Acquired powders showed different morphologies (rod, star, and spherical structures), which were affected by the nature of the solvent in the reaction. The different zinc oxide powders have varied optical band gaps. Scanning electron microscopy examinations confirmed the arrangement of nano-zinc oxide on the surfaces of the materials. The zinc oxide-covering procedure was carried out on cotton, polyester, and 50/50 wt% polyester/cotton blended fabrics using a simple dip and curing system. The cotton fabric treated with nanorod zinc oxide exhibited the highest ultraviolet protection factor with a value of 247.2. The antimicrobial properties of untreated and treated fabrics with nano-zinc oxide were measured against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and diploid fungus (Candida albicans). The results showed the antimicrobial action relies on the morphological structure and the particle size of zinc oxide and that it increases with a reduced particle size. The cotton fabric treated with 26 nm nonspherical zinc oxide particles showed the highest antimicrobial efficiency with values of 91.4%, 86.8%, and 84.7% for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, respectively. The mechanical properties of treated fabrics were studied. The results confirm that nano-zinc oxide is highly useful for improving the performance of defense textile products because of its biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and nontoxicity.

Rational design of chitosan/guar gum/zinc oxide bionanocomposites based on Roselle calyx extract for Ras cheese coating

Roselle calyx extract (RE) was used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as a green technique. In the current work, chitosan/guar gum/zinc oxide bionanocomposites based on Roselle calyx extract, namely (CS/GG/RE-ZnO) bionanocomposite were prepared. The synthetic ZnO-NPs and the prepared bionanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the addition of RE-ZnO nanocomposites was improved mechanical, permeability, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of bionanocomposite films. The influence of coating Ras cheese with the fabricated CS/GG/RE-ZnO bionanocomposites on chemical, microbiological, and sensorial properties of Ras cheese was evaluated during ripening in comparing with uncoated cheese. Ras cheese coating with bionanocomposite film containing 3% RE-ZnO nanocomposites protects their surface for around three months from yeasts, molds and other bacteria growth. The prepared CS/GG/RE-ZnO bionanocomposite films can be used as a promising candidate for food packaging applications.

Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant and generation of hydroxyl radical

Abstract Herein, a sustainable and reproducible method for the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) and their application in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant is reported. The ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by combusting a mixture of highly porous sawdust and zinc nitrate hexahydrate at 600 °C in a tube furnace. The porous morphology of the sawdust mediated the formation of ZnO nanoparticles by preventing their growth to the macroscopic size. Four different ZnO nanoparticles samples [ZnO-n, where n = 1–4] were prepared by varying the ratio of sawdust and zinc nitrate salt to obtain the best-performing ZnO nanoparticles. The average size of the ZnO nanoparticles was found to be ~ 23 nm, measured from TEM image. The ZnO-4 and ZnO-2 degraded ~ 95% methyl orange (MO) in deionized and simulated fresh drinking water matrices after 42 min of ultraviolet (UV-B) light irradiation. The ZnO-2 and ZnO-4 catalyzed degradation of MO in deionized and fresh drinking water matrices were found to be about 24 and 27 times faster compared to the ZnO-control. The ability of ZnO-n towards the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) was studied by the terephthalic acid fluorescence tests. Additionally, the reproducibility of the synthesis methodology and the cyclic stability of the as prepared ZnO-n was thoroughly studied. Finally, it was found that the ZnO nanoparticles, prepared in this study, leached less amount of zinc in water compared to the commercial ZnO; which indicated its better safety and sustainability in regard to the photocatalytic water treatment.

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Azima tetracantha Lam. Leaf Extract and Its Potential for the Removal of Contaminants from Water

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Azima tetracantha Lam. Leaf Extract and Its Potential for the Removal of Contaminants from Water

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for the Systemic Treatment of Patients with Lymphoma in Nursing Care

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles recently are of significant consideration because of their applications as nontoxic metal oxides. This study is mainly intended to improve a simple, efficient, and environment-friendly method for preparation of ZnO nanoparticles. This process has been developed based on plant-intervened synthesis by making use of microwave Saturejahortensis aqueous extract. We have further characterized the obtained Zinc oxide nanoparticles by using different techniques. Additionally, their cytotoxic potential was inspected via MTT assay against both B lymphoma, A20 and T lymphoma, EL4 cells lines. The zinc oxide nanoparticle exposed cells for about 24 h showed diminished cell viability in the tested cell lines where EL4 cells has been reduced to 75% of control after 24 h, whereas A20 cells were lowered to 68% of control. ZnO-NPs have proficiently hindered EL4 cell DNA synthesis at 100 μg concentration whereas completely blocked the DNA proliferation at about 50 g concentration. However, A20 cells besides presented similar propensity, thus exploring the ZnO-NPs potential to treat lymphomas.

Evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using scutellaria baicalensis root

The authors describe a simple green method for the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using the aqueous root extract of Scutellaria baicalensis. The synthesized ZnONPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, SEM and EDX. They were spherical in shape and with sizes ranging from 33.14–99.03 nm. The ZnONPs produced exhibited significant free radical scavenging effects. An in-vitro study showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells.

Facile one-step synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by ultrasonic-assisted precipitation method and its application for H2S adsorption in air

This work reports a facile one-step method using ultrasonic-assisted precipitation without surfactants and post-heat treatments to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (UZnO) as well as its application for removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in air by adsorption. The effect of ultrasonic radiation on the structural properties of UZnO was investigated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The adsorption results showed that UZnO exhibited a high H2S adsorption capacity of 29.51 mg/g while the adsorption capacity of the material prepared without ultrasonic treatment (ZO) was only 3.66 mg/g. This high adsorption capacity of UZnO indicates an efficient, simple, convenient, time saving, and environmentally friendly method for producing of ZnO nanostructures for effective removal of H2S as well as other gaseous pollutants in air.

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Containing Spray and Barrier Films for Potential Photoprotection on Wound Healing

Cutaneous wound healing produces pigmented scars, especially under UV irradiation. In this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have several morphologies, including nanorods, nanoflowers, and nanospheres. Their size and specific surface area were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface area analysis. The ability of both the ZnO NPs and blends thereof with polymers to protect against phototoxicity was measured using human fibroblast Hs68 cells. Finally, the relative gene expressions of the cellular apoptosis pathway, including p53, Bcl-2, Bax, and Capase 3, were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

PARTHENIUM MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION

Objective: To biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles by using parthenium hysterophorous plant extract as a reducing agent and its characterization by spectroscopic techniques.Methods: A novel method was developed to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles by using zinc nitrate as a precursor and biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was mediated by parthenium hysterophorous plant extract without the aid of external energy (high pressure and temperature). This new method involves simple techniques such as centrifugation, filtration, and stirring. Zinc oxide nanoparticles formation was confirmed by analytical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using parthenium hysterophorous plant extract as a reducing agent. The XRD measurement showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles possess a typical hexagonal structure and the crystallite size of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles was found to be 32 nm calculated by scherrer’s formula. The SEM images show agglomeration of zinc oxide nanoparticles that are spherical clusters. The maximum absorbance (380 nm) of UV-Visible spectroscopy further confirmed synthesized nanoparticles are zinc oxide. The Raman spectra show both E2 mode and E1 mode, which indicates that the prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles possess crystalline nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure.Conclusion: A method was established to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles with parthenium hysterophorous plant extract which is a novel approach without the aid of external energy (high pressure and temperature), and formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. This method can be used in pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of an antimicrobial agent.

Environmental friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and estimation of its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti

Nanotechnology is a relatively new field which is making advancements each day. It is making a huge impact on our day-to-day lives. Nanoparticles possess unique properties which makes it viable to use it in a wide variety of fields such as in cosmetics, parasitology and catalysis. We used a plant-mediated, nature-friendly method which does not involve the usage of any harmful chemicals. Syzgium cumini seed extract was taken as the reducing agent for the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were confirmed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The average particle size was found to be around 50–60 nm. Additionally, larvicidal and ovicidal activity of the prepared nanoparticles against dengue causing vector was also carried out which resulted in LC50 and LC90 of 51.94 ppm and 119.99 ppm, respectively.