Preparation Of Materials Research Articles

Preparation and properties of ZrO2-strengthened porous mullite insulation materials using Y2O3 additive

Preparation and properties of ZrO2-strengthened porous mullite insulation materials using Y2O3 additive

Abon Merapi (Mente Rasa Sapi) sebagai Bukti Kecintaan terhadap Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Lombok Timur

Cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale) are plants with great potential and high economic value in West Nusa Tenggara Province. East Lombok Regency is one of the cashew producing areas in Indonesia. Local people usually call it guava jemet or guava jebet. So far, cashew farming communities have only used the true fruit or what is better known as the seeds for sale. However, in reality, the pseudo-fruit of cashew nuts or what is commonly referred to as the fruit can be processed into a product that has high economic value, namely made into shredded meat. Shredded cashew is usually made from cashew fruit that is quite old or already ripe. Thus, the aim of making cashew floss is to create a new innovative product by optimizing the use of cashew fruit as an ingredient for making shredded cashew fruit, so that it can produce cashew floss with good quality and high selling value and is beneficial for consumers. This method of making shredded meat starts from the tool and material preparation stage, the processing stage, the shredded making stage, and the evaluation stage. Then a report is prepared and the article is published. It is hoped that the results of this activity will become an innovative product with high sales value and be published as an article that can be used as a reference for optimizing natural resources.

Simple Preparation of Heat-Resistant Energetic Materials Based on [5,6,5] Tricyclic Fused-Ring Skeletons and Evaluation of Their Energetic Performance

Simple Preparation of Heat-Resistant Energetic Materials Based on [5,6,5] Tricyclic Fused-Ring Skeletons and Evaluation of Their Energetic Performance

Multiple immobilized borate composites achieving Color-Tunable long afterglow in aqueous media for bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting

The afterglow phenomenon has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional luminescent properties, yet achieving long-lived and color-tunable afterglow in aqueous media remains a challenging task. In this article, we present a facile hydrothermal strategy for the preparation of borate afterglow materials (APB@CC) using ammonium pentaborate and cyanuric chloride as starting materials. The resultant APB@CC displays color-tunable long afterglows from blue to green in aqueous media. Further studies show that the synergistic effect of covalent and hydrogen bonds effectively promotes the immobilization and rigidification of the triplet state, enabling afterglow emission in aqueous media. Encouraged by color-tunability in solutions, we implemented their potential applications in bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting. This work not only provides insights for extending borate afterglow materials in aqueous media, but also will facilitate the development of high signal-to-noise bioimaging and advanced anti-counterfeiting techniques.

Preparation and Performance Verification of a Solid Slow-Release Carbon Source Material for Deep Nitrogen Removal in Urban Tailwater.

Urban tailwater typically has a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and adding external carbon sources can effectively improve the denitrification performance of wastewater. However, it is difficult to determine the dosage of additional carbon sources, leading to insufficient or excessive addition. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare solid slow-release carbon source (SRC) materials to solve the difficulty in determining the dosage of carbon sources. This study selected two SRCs of slow-release carbon source 1 (SRC1) and slow-release carbon source 2 (SRC2), with good slow-release performance after static carbon release and batch experiments. The composition of SRC1 was: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/disodium fumarate/polyhydroxy alkanoate (HPMC/DF/PHA) at a ratio of 3:2:4, with an Fe3O4 mass fraction of 3%. The composition of SRC2 was: HPMC/DF/PHA with a ratio of 1:1:1 and an Fe3O4 mass fraction of 3%. The fitted equations of carbon release curves of SRC1 and SRC2 were y = 61.91 + 7190.24e-0.37t and y = 47.92 + 8770.42e-0.43t, respectively. The surfaces of SRC1 and SRC2 had a loose and porous morphological structure, which could increase the specific surface area of materials and be more conducive to the adhesion and metabolism of microorganisms. The experimental nitrogen removal by denitrification with SRCs showed that when the initial total nitrogen concentration was 40.00 mg/L, the nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentrations of the SRC1 and SRC2 groups on the 10th day were 2.57 and 2.66 mg/L, respectively. On the 20th day, the NO3--N concentrations of the SRC1 and SRC2 groups were 1.67 and 2.16 mg/L, respectively, corresponding to removal efficiencies of 95.83% and 94.60%, respectively. The experimental results indicated that SRCs had a good nitrogen removal effect. Developing these kinds of materials can provide a feasible way to overcome the difficulty in determining the dosage of carbon sources in the process of heterotrophic denitrification.

Preparation of biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron electrode material and its electrocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

<p>Electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing p-nitrophenol (PNP) was carried out using a platinum electrode as an anode and biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron material as the cathode. The prepared biochar loaded nano zero valent iron electrode materials were characterized and analyzed using SEM, XRD, and XPS. The experiment investigated the effects of current density, initial PNP concentration, electrolyte concentration, pH value, and other factors on the treatment effect of PNP. The results showed that the nZVI/BC electrode with an initial pH value of 7.0, a current density of 10mA/cm2, and an electrolyte of 1.5g/L anhydrous sodium sulfate was the optimal condition for degrading a PNP solution with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L. The PNP removal rate within 24 hours was 81.94%.BC@nZVI electrode has good stability and reusability.</p>

Preparation and electrochemical performance of cellulose-based biomass-derived carbon materials

Biomass-derived carbon materials are regarded as an ideal precursor for activated carbon owing to their unique structure, widely used in energy storage applications. Porous biomass carbon materials were prepared by high-temperature carbonization and activation methods using corn stalk stem pith as the carbon source. The structures and morphology of biomass-derived carbon materials were also characterized and analyzed, and it was employed as the electrode material to study the electrochemical properties. The results showed that the specific surface area and pore volume increased with the increase of temperature under the action of the same activator. The activation degree of carbon materials by different activators showed obvious differences under the same temperature conditions, and the structure and properties of the carbon materials obtained by sodium hydroxide activation were better than those obtained by sodium bicarbonate activation. When the temperature was fixed at 900 ℃, the carbon materials obtained by sodium hydroxide activation showed the best structural characteristics and electrochemical properties, with the specific surface area up to 532.881 m2·g−1 and the microporous volume accounting for 76.266 % of the total pore volume. By cyclic voltammetry test, the specific capacity was 139 F·g−1 at a scan rate of 10 mV·s−1, and the electrochemical impedance was much smaller than the impedance of the product obtained by sodium bicarbonate activation. Meanwhile, the specific capacity remained basically unchanged after 1000 cycles of charging and discharging, with excellent cycling stability and electrochemical performance. The relevant results provide a new way for the efficient utilization and functionalization of biomass resources.

Analysis of varietal advantages of leaf form <i>Apium graveolens</i> L. according to chlorogenic acid content

Introduction. Special studies on the benefits of agricultural crops – current research regarding the prospects for the development of their products based on functional and specialized nutrition. Substances with a phenolic profile carry out various types of pharmacological activity aimed at treating metabolic and other socially significant phenomena, which allows them to be positioned as generally accepted main ingredients. The leafy botanical form of celery is a rich source of phenolic compounds.Aim. Development and validation of a method for the quantitative analysis of chlorogenic acid to assess the varietal advantages of Apium graveolens L. raw materials using HPLC.Materials and methods. For the analysis, we used leaf celery grass of different varieties grown at two sites (the village of Lembolovo and SNT "Ruchey"). Sample preparation of raw materials was carried out by extraction in an ultrasonic bath. Chromatography conditions: column Luna 5 μm C 18(100) Å LC Column 250 × 4.6 mm, thermostat temperature 40 °C, detection wavelength 327 nm. PF A 0.05 % TFA, PF B acetonitrile. Elution mode: 0 min 12 % B, 20 min 30 % PF B, 23 min 12 % PF B.Results and discussion. According to the data obtained, the accumulation of chlorogenic acid in celery raw materials depends on both the plant variety and the cultivation conditions. However, the difference in the quantitative content of the target component correlates between varieties grown on different sites. The highest content of chlorogenic acid was noted in the variety Nezhny (SNT "Ruchey") and amounted to 0.464 ± 0.012. The variety Summer Boom can be distinguished as the best variety.Conclusion. The results of the study can be used in the development and quality control of functional and specialized nutrition based on the leafy botanical form of odorous celery due to the high content of phenolic substances.

Preparation of a Porous Protein-Based Composite Material by In Situ Polymerization of Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsion for Adsorption of Lead Ions.

The preparation of complex porous materials using a small molecular surfactant as the stabilizer of a high internal phase emulsion can result in harm to the environment. In this study, porous composites based on soy protein isolate with poly(acrylic acid) were prepared by in situ polymerization of a high internal phase monomer emulsion with an internal phase volume fraction of 80%. The material was prepared from acrylic acid and an N,N-methyl diacrylic acid monomer solution as the continuous phase, peanut oil as the dispersed phase, and soy protein isolate as the composite stabilizer. Scanning electron microscopy showed that porous composites exhibited a concave/convex three-dimensional interpenetrating pore structure. Fourier-transform infrared spectra revealed the existence of many active groups such as carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl. The composite had a high adsorption capacity for lead ions, even at low concentration, with a removal rate of up to 95.7%. The adsorption process conformed to a two-stage model involving internal diffusion and Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity was 36.71 mg/g when the initial solution concentration was 150 mg/L, the adsorbent concentration was 7.0 g/L, and the adsorption mechanism involved chemical interactions between the lead ions and the composite groups -COOH, -OH, and -SH.

Increasing Dimensionality in Self-Assembly: Toward Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymers.

Different approaches to achieve 2D supramolecular polymers, as an alternative to the covalent bottom-up approaches reported for the preparation of 2D materials, are reviewed. The significance of the operation of weak non-covalent forces to induce a lateral growth of a number of self-assembling units is collected. The examples of both thermodynamically and kinetically controlled formation of 2D supramolecular polymers showed in this review demonstrate the utility of this strategy to achieve new 2D materials with biased morphologies (nanosheets, scrolls, porous surfaces) and showing elegant applications like chiral recognition, enantioselective uptake or asymmetric organic transformations. Furthermore, elaborated techniques like seeded or living supramolecular polymerizations have been demonstrated to give rise to complex 2D nanostructures.

Preparation of fiber raw materials by cooking golden bamboo grass (Arundo donax) with calcified regenerated alkali solution

The increasing consumption of paper products has led to a shortage of paper fiber raw materials. It is necessary to develop new plant materials to alleviate the shortage of fiber suitable for papermaking. In this study, the fast-growing plant golden bamboo grass (Arundo donax), which is cultivated and planted in Guangxi province of China, was used as a new material for pulping. The average pulp yield by cyclic-cooking method averaged 48.6%, being 4.1% greater than the pulp yield by the ordinary caustic soda method. Much of the increased yield was attributable to the reprecipitation of lignin onto the fibers. The paper properties of the pulp prepared by cycle-cooked method did not decrease significantly, compared with the pulp prepared by the usual single-cooked method. Therefore, the pulp met the requirements of national standards of many kinds of papers. However, the pulp was not suitable for bleaching, due to its high consumption of oxidizing agents to reach the required brightness. Therefore, this research demonstrates that the fast-growing plant, Arundo donax is a good raw material for pulp, and the innovative method of cycle-cooking method can significantly improve the pulp yield.

Research on the performance and mechanism of enhancing TiO2 antibacterial and photodriven sterilization by pyrite composition

Driven by market demand and resourcefulness of low-value minerals, the preparation of low-cost visible photocatalytic bactericidal materials has become a research hotspot. Here, a simple solvothermal method was constructed FeS2 photosensitized TiO2, which is a promising antibacterial and photocatalytic sterilization strategy. The disinfection efficiency of TiO2/FeS2 for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was 95.7 and 92.4%, respectively. In the darkness, TiO2/FeS2 could wrap around the surface of bacterial cells and significantly decrease their metabolic activity of bacterial cells of E. coli and S. aureus to 21.4% and 30.1%, respectively. Under the light irradiation, TiO2/FeS2 exhibited the light absorption feature of both TiO2 and FeS2. Meanwhile, an internal electric field from FeS2 to TiO2 was established to realize electron transmission, which as dominant role cooperating with the surface redox reaction, allowed TiO2/FeS2 produced obviously higher •OH, •O2–, and 1O2 to perform an ideal disinfection effect.

Liquid-phase controlled synthesis of Sb-derived heterostructures

Antimony (Sb) based compounds such as Sb2O3 and Sb2S3 have shown promises in electronics, catalysis and sensing devices. Their functional performances can be further improved by integration with other materials to from composites or heterostructures, which however, usually require tedious procedures with poor morphology control. Herein, we realized direct hydrothermal synthesis of Sb2O3/SnO2 heterostructures and Sb2S3/SnS2 heterostructures by using liquid-phase exfoliated two-dimensional (2D) Sb nanoflakes as precursors. Compared to directly using SbCl3 salt as the reactant, using the Sb nanoflakes enabled the slow release of Sb3+ ions which benefited the better controlled nucleation and growth of Sb2O3 (or Sb2S3) acting as growth templates for the further deposition of SnO2 (or SnS2). As a demonstration, the as-prepared Sb2S3/SnS2 heterostructures were employed for photocatalytic methylene blue (MB) degradation, which exhibited a faster degradation rate compared to Sb2S3 or SnS2 alone. Our work offers an alternative strategy with elemental 2D materials as precursors for the preparation of heterostructured functional materials.

Materials design and preparation of ultrathin two-dimensional metal halide perovskites

Materials design and preparation of ultrathin two-dimensional metal halide perovskites

Polydopamine supporting method fabricating vanadium nitride nanoparticle enclosed into hierarchical hollow carbon nanospheres for supercapacitors

Nanostructure is crucial for achieving electrode materials with high capacity and high-power ascribing to pleasing specific surface area, intrinsic safety, and satisfactory ion transport pathways; nevertheless, the structural collapse that occurs during high-temperature treatment may lead to a decrease in the specific surface area of the electrode material, causing technical obstacles, and hence affecting its practical applicability. Vanadium nitride has become a promising electrode material since its superior conductivity and desirable theoretical capacity; unfortunately, its practical application is hindered by its limited rate capability, cycle stability, and tendency to dissolve in alkaline solutions. In this study, a template-free method is employed to prepare hollow nanosphere structures through the self-supporting effect of dopamine. When subjected to high-temperatures, it can successfully hinder the collapse of the hollow nanostructures. Graded vanadium nitride nanoparticles are generated in this process and encapsulated in hollow nanostructures. The issues of vanadium nitride dissolution and low transport rate in alkaline electrolytes can be efficiently resolved by leveraging the self-supporting action of dopamine and the subsequent formation of hierarchical vanadium nitride nanoparticles. The anode material endows a capacity of 387.14 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, as well as a coulombic efficiency of 98.28 % even after 10, 000 cycles at a current density of 3 A g−1. Additionally，the assembled device can achieve a maximum power density of 4, 000 W kg−1 and an energy density of 22.89 Wh Kg−1. This anode material displays potential applications in energy storage devices and offers a novel approach to material preparation.

Robust and stable organic sulfonate sodium salt-coated superhydrophilic mesh for ultra-fast gravity-drive oil-water separation

Due to its special wetting behavior and high selectivity, super-wetting mesh is considered as an ideal candidate material for efficient separation of water/oil mixture. However, the oil-water separation mesh suffers from the problems of poor stability and durability, leading to the failure of the separation. In this paper, a robust and stable superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic copper mesh had been successfully prepared by decorating the copper mesh via the chemical grafting of the 3-thiol-propyl trimethoxysilane (KH590) and the subsequent reaction with 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate sodium (AMPS). It showed that the KH590 condensation compound was tightly coated on the surface and the superhydrophobic copper mesh (SUCM) possessed excellent superhydrophobicity towards various liquid droplets with a WCA of higher 150° and a sliding angle lower 5°, while the superhydrophilic copper mesh (SICM) had promising anti-oil pollution property with WCA near 0°. The SUCM and SICM also had excellent acid and alkali resistance. The obtained SICM had preeminent separation efficiency higher 99% and extremely high permeability flux of 33,441 L·m−²·h−¹ for gravity-driven toluene-water separation, and possessed excellent recyclability even after 20 cycles. Moreover, the SICM could be used to separate the oil-water mixture of aqueous solution with different pH (pH=5/7/8) and aqueous sodium chloride solution with different concentrations (5%/25%/50%/saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution). In addition, the SICM had outstanding anti-abrasion mechanical stability. This work provided a simple and effective method for the preparation of special wettability materials with excellent acid/alkali resistance and mechanical stability, and promoted the practical application of oil/water separation mesh.

Flexible Aerogel Materials: A Review on Revolutionary Flexibility Strategies and the Multifunctional Applications.

The design and preparation of flexible aerogel materials with high deformability and versatility have become an emerging research topic in the aerogel fields, as the brittle nature of traditional aerogels severely affects their safety and reliability in use. Herein, we review the preparation methods and properties of flexible aerogels and summarize the various controlling and design methods of aerogels to overcome the fragility caused by high porosity and nanoporous network structure. The mechanical flexibility of aerogels can be revolutionarily improved by monomer regulation, nanofiber assembly, structural design and controlling, and constructing of aerogel composites, which can greatly broaden the multifunctionality and practical application prospects. The design and construction criterion of aerogel flexibility is summarized: constructing a flexible and deformable microstructure in an aerogel matrix. Besides, the derived multifunctional applications in the fields of flexible thermal insulation (flexible thermal protection at extreme temperatures), flexible wearable electronics (flexible sensors, flexible electrodes, electromagnetic shielding, and wave absorption), and environmental protection (oil/water separation and air filtration) are summarized. Furthermore, the future development prospects and challenges of flexible aerogel materials are also summarized. This review will provide a comprehensive research basis and guidance for the structural design, fabrication methods, and potential applications of flexible aerogels.

Preparation and good antibacterial properties of self-assembled P(AA-AM)/CA/GA fiber membrane by electrospinning

To reduce mortality rate caused by life-threatening bacterial infections, advanced antibacterial materials have attracted widespread attention from researchers worldwide. In this study, the antibacterial P(AA-AM)/CA/GA nanofiber membranes with pH-responsive properties were successfully prepared by facile electrospinning technology. A series of characterizations of the obtained nanofiber membranes showed the addition of P(AA-AM) improves the surface wettability of the as-spun fibers in comparison to those of CA and CA/GA nanofiber membranes. High-temperature treatment was found to enhance the mechanical properties of the P(AA-AM)/CA/GA membranes due to the crosslinking reactions. The prepared P(AA-AM)/CA/GA nanofiber membrane exhibits a pH-responsive effect which is evident by the change in GA’s release rate in solutions with different pH values. The cellulose acetate (CA) spinning nanofiber structure formed by P(AA-AM) coated GA also extended the release process of GA and improved the antibacterial timeliness of nanofiber membranes. The antibacterial experiments on E. coli and S. aureus showed that the electrospun nanofiber membranes containing GA had potent antibacterial properties, which were further enhanced by increasing the GA content in the P(AA-AM)/CA/GA blends. This study provides an insight into the design and preparation of pH-sensitive antibacterial materials using facile electrospinning technology.

Spin-Coating Fabrication Method of PDMS/NdFeB Composites Using Chitosan/PCL Coating.

This paper verified the possibility of applying chitosan and/or ferulic acid or polycaprolactone (PCL)-based coatings to polydimethylsiloxane/neodymium-iron-boron (PDMS/NdFeB) composites using the spin-coating method. The surface modification of magnetic composites by biofunctional layers allows for the preparation of materials for biomedical applications. Biofunctional layered magnetic composites were obtained in three steps. The spin-coating method with various parameters (time and spin speed) was used to apply different substances to the surface of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to analyze the thickness and surface topography. The contact angle of the obtained surfaces was tested. Increasing spin speed and increasing process time for the same speed resulted in decreasing the composite's thickness. The linear and surface roughness for the prepared coatings were approximately 0.2 μm and 0.01 μm, respectively, which are desirable values in the context of biocompatibility. The contact angle test results showed that both the addition of chitosan and PCL to PDMS have reduced the contact angle θ from 105° for non-coated composite to θ~59-88° depending on the coating. The performed modifications gave promising results mainly due to making the surface hydrophilic, which is a desirable feature of projected biomaterials.

Preparation and patterning of HfO2 film via sol–gel method and resistive switching effect of Pt/HfO2/LaNiO3

Sol–gel method is a low-cost material preparation method; however, it is difficult to obtain a stable sol containing easily hydrolyzable metal ions via this method. In this study, a stable hafnium(IV) oxide (HfO2) sol was prepared by adding benzoyl acetone (BzAcH) modifier. Infrared absorption spectroscopy results showed that the BzAcH additive chelated with the Hf4+ ions in the sol, thus improving the hydrolysis resistance of the HfO2 sol, which in turn improved its stability. It was also found that the BzAcH-modified HfO2 gel film exhibited ultraviolet (UV) photosensitivity. After UV exposure, the film did not dissolve easily in organic solvents. Based on these properties, the micro processing of the HfO2 film was preliminarily explored, and HfO2 microstructures were successfully obtained. Additionally, the relative permittivity (εr) of HfO2 exhibited minimum (∼10.9) and maximum (∼20.6) values at heat-treatment (HT) temperatures of 350 and 450 °C, respectively. With the continuous increase in the HT temperature, εr first decreased and then increased slightly. Moreover, the current–voltage curves showed that the Pt/HfO2/LaNiO3 (LNO) structure exhibited a pronounced bipolar resistive switching (RS) effect, which was attributed to the fact that LNO could be used as an electrode and an oxygen vacancy (OV2+) storage layer for RS materials. Notably, the oxygen ions in HfO2 with a low degree of crystallinity are more likely to migrate within its body (which makes it easier to form OV2+s), therefore, the “Set” voltage of low-crystallinity HfO2 films is lower than that of high-crystallinity HfO2 films. The RS mechanism can be explained by the OV2+ conductive filament model. These results are of great practical significance for the low-cost preparation of HfO2 and the application of LNO as an oxide electrode.