Preparation Of Gum Research Articles

Investigations on magnesium ion conducting gellan gum-based biopolymer blend electrolytes for energy storage applications

The economical and ecological polymer electrolytes are essential for energy storage devices. The key problem we are trying to resolve is how to improve ionic conductivity and safety in polymer electrolytes, which are essential for energy storage devices to operate effectively. We have prepared biopolymer blend electrolytes with different concentrations of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) by solution casting technique and the prepared electrolytes are investigated. Increase of amorphous nature of the polymer membranes is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy used to define complex formation between salt and polymers. Thermal properties of the electrolytes are confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry technique. The higher ionic conductivity of 1.04 × 10−5 S/cm has been achieved for 8 wt.% MgCl2 mixed gellan gum: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer blend at the room temperature. The present work highlights the preparation and characterization of gellan gum: PVA: MgCl2 polymer blend electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity and safety. The optimized polymer electrolyte is applied for energy storage devices.

A Review on: Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Medicated Chewing Gum

One portable method of medicine delivery is chewing gum. It may be used to provide medications orally, either systemically or locally. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research and technology related to the oral medication administration route. Medicated chewing gum has gained international attention throughout the year due to its ability to promote patient compliance in both pediatric and geriatric patients as well as the general population. The Mayan Indians used to clean their teeth and refresh their breath by chewing tree resin from the sapodilla tree a thousand years ago. Over the course of the year, herbal chewing gum has been more widely accepted as a medication delivery method. Herbal chewing gum today contains a number of substances. A variety of characteristics, including color, stickiness, hardness, and in vitro drug release, are assessed for the prepared product. Chewing gum can be utilized as a portable medication delivery mechanism for oral drug administration, both systemic and local. The majority of people find chewing gum to be enjoyable. Medicated gum preparations frequently require organic solvents to solubilize the active ingredients, and it can be challenging to remove these organic solvents from the finished product.

Chlorpyrifos and diazinon elimination through pAAm-g-XG/HKUST-1@Fe3O4 biopolymer nanoadsorbent hydrogel from wastewater: Preparation, characterization, kinetics and isotherm

In this study, a MOF-functionalized biopolymer nanoadsorbent hydrogel was developed to effectively eliminate chlorpyrifos (CPF) and diazinon (DZ) from aquatic areas. The adsorbent system was prepared through a multi-step process, such as graft copolymer preparation of xanthan gum (XG) with acrylamide (Aam) and cross-linking with N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) to obtain (pAAm-g-XG), synthesis of Fe3O4 MNPs through ex-situ co-precipitation method, and covalent attachment onto the pAAm-g-XG. Finally, in-situ HKUST-1 was attached to pAAm-g-XG@Fe3O4 to obtain the pAAm-g-XG/HKUST-1@Fe3O4 biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel. They are characterized by a variety of characteristic methods for example, FTIR, VSM, SEM, TGA, EDX, XRD, and BET confirmed the adequate preparation of pAAm-g-XG/HKUST-1@Fe3O4 biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel. CPF and DZ, both organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), were studied for their removal from aqueous solutions using the developed adsorbent system. The most efficient adsorption conditions were achieved by doing batch adsorption tests with varying values of solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact duration, and beginning concentrations of CPF and DZ. Additionally, model fitting was excellent for the Freundlich isotherm model, and by using the pAAm-g-XG/HKUST-1@Fe3O4 biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel, the maximal adsorption capacity of DZ and CPF was achieved about 4525.102 and 1708.735 mg.g−1, consequently. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, according to the findings, is an excellent fit for the experimental data in this research on adsorption kinetics. The hypothesized process suggests that intermolecularly by hydrogen bonding, diffusion, and entrapment in the polymeric lattice of biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel all contribute to the adsorption of CPF and DZ onto the biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel. The two OPPs under study responded best to regeneration studies lasting up to four cycles.

Formulation of New Chewable Oral Dosage Forms of Meclizine and Pyridoxine Hydrochloride.

Nausea and vomiting are symptoms associated with a lot of diseases and oral tablets may be unprofitable for patients especially those suffering from nausea and vomiting. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate a new meclizine and pyridoxine combination formula for chewable tablets and provide rapid drug absorption and decrease motion sickness. The new chewable formulation has been prepared to provide fast action, is more acceptable, and could be used for all age categories. Seven trials haves been carried out to prepare to find the suitable one where formula 7 of the chewable gum preparation exhibited good taste and hardness, while the gelatin formulation give an accepted formula after four trials with better taste and good acceptance. The prepared formulations give a dissolution profile of meclizine (95.53-102.8%) and pyridoxine (99.25 ± 115%) and assay (98 + 0.05-99.3 ± 0.8%) for meclizine and (97 ± 0.9-100.0 ± 0.08%) for the pyridoxine in three prepared formulations of chewable tablets. Followed by the evaluation, the formulation and testing them on human volunteers are carried out to confirm their effect to ensure acceptance and fast actions. The finding is promising for preparing a new route of administration of meclizine and pyridoxine combination to be used in the market.

THE PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF FIBROBLASTS OF GINGIVA IN ADULTS AT CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

Periodontitis is a disease that progresses with age and contributes to the biological aging of the dentition. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the aging of human gum fibroblasts. Low-intensity laser therapy stimulates the release of growth factors from fibroblasts and their division. The aim of the study was to determine the number, proliferative activity and apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts in people without signs of periodontal inflammation, with chronic periodontitis and after laser therapy. We used biopsy material obtained for periodontal, surgical, orthopedic and orthodontic indications under infiltration anesthesia in two age groups of patients aged 20–40 and 41–60 years. Cell markers Ki-67 and p53 were detected by immunohistochemical methods, the total number of gingival fibroblasts was estimated by staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The results of the conducted studies showed that the number of fibroblasts in the connective tissue lamina of the gums has age-related features. In young people from 20 to 40 years, the number of fibroblasts in gum preparations is 1,12 times higher than in people aged 41–60 years. Among the reasons for the decrease in the number of gingival fibroblasts is a decrease in their proliferative activity and activation of the proapoptotic p53 protein with age. Chronic periodontal inflammation leads to a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts, regardless of the age of the subjects. Fibroblast proliferation and p53 protein expression were more sensitive to microbial inflammation in patients aged 41 to 60 years compared to younger patients. Three-fold laser exposure had a differentiated modulating effect on the state of the gingival fibroblast population, depending on the age of the patients, the number of gingival fibroblasts was restored to the levels characteristic of healthy people, and this was observed only in the group of young patients. Thus, the number of fibroblasts in the human gingival connective tissue lamina changes with age, under conditions of inflammation and under the influence of a diode laser, which must be taken into account in dental practice.

Preparation of gum tragacanth/poly (vinyl alcohol)/halloysite hydrogel using electron beam irradiation with potential for bone tissue engineering

Nanocomposite hydrogels based on tyramine conjugated gum tragacanth, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were prepared by electron beam irradiation and characterized. The FTIR, 1H NMR, and TGA results confirmed the chemical incorporation of HNTs into gum tragacanth. Gel content and swelling of hydrogels decreased with HNTs loading up to 20 % wt. The mechanical strength of hydrogels increased by increasing HNTs content up to 10 % with 371 kPa fracture stress at 0.95 fracture strain, compared to 312 kPa stress at 0.79 strain for gum tragacanth/PVA hydrogel. Hydrogel's biocompatibility and osteogenic activity were tested by seeding rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The cell viability was >85 % after 7 days of culture. In vitro secretion of ALP and calcium deposition on hydrogels in alizarin red assay after 21 days of culture indicated hydrogel potential for bone tissue engineering.

THERAPY OF PERIODONTITIS WITH VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR BASED ON HYDROGEL: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Regeneration of lost periodontal tissues is the ultimate goal of periodontal treatment. One of the promising approaches to stimulating periodontal regeneration is the use of hydrogels and various growth factors that contribute to the colonization of the scaffold with fibroblast populations, followed by the formation of mature connective tissue of the periodontal ligament. Patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity (n=70, age 49-69 years) were treated in the Department of maxillofacial surgery of the UKB No. 4. Treatment was carried out with a preparation from a complex of bioresorbable carbohydrates and recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). The biopsy material was taken immediately before the introduction of the drug into the periodontal pocket and 14 days after the procedure. Prior to treatment, pronounced chronic inflammation with a predominance of lymphocytes, moderate edema and divergence of the fibers of the stromal component were noted in the gum preparations, signs of chronic moderate active inflammation were observed. After treatment, collagen fibers constructed from type III collagen and type I collagen were found in the structured fibers of the intercellular substance, which is characteristic of the formed connective tissue. Thus, the therapy of chronic periodontitis with a hydrogel with VEGF-A is a promising direction for further research, since it has the potential to influence not only stimulating the regeneration of periodontal tissues, but also the effect of local anti-inflammatory treatment.

Preparation of Shark Byproduct Extract and Gellan Gum based Antibacterial Film Containing Green Tea Extract

Preparation of Shark Byproduct Extract and Gellan Gum based Antibacterial Film Containing Green Tea Extract

Optimization of process variables for the preparation of almond gum incorporated set-yogurt using Box-Behnken response surface model

The purpose of the current study was to optimize the formulation of almond gum incorporated set-yogurt with better functional and sensory attributes. The impact of almond gum concentration (0.05 – 0.2%), incubation time (5 – 8 h) and culture level (0.03 – 0.05%) was investigated on pH, water holding capacity (WHC), titratable acidity (TTA), syneresis and firmness of the prepared yogurt using response surface methodology (RSM). The models were found to be highly significant (p < 0.05). The high value of R2 for pH (0.9553), TTA (0.9277), syneresis (0.9943), WHC (0.9688), and firmness (0.9309) indicated that response surface second order polynomial models were adequate and valid. The optimum values of independent variables were 0.148g gum concentration, 7.678 h incubation time and 0.037g culture level for obtaining maximum WHC, minimum syneresis and optimum pH (4.4), TTA (0.7) and firmness (248) in the optimized yogurt. Overall acceptability and antioxidant activity of the optimized almond gum yogurt was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control yogurt.

Preparation of Citric Acid-Locust Bean Gum (CA-LBG) for the Disintegrating Agent of Tablet Dosage Forms

Preparation of Citric Acid-Locust Bean Gum (CA-LBG) for the Disintegrating Agent of Tablet Dosage Forms

Preparation and Applications of Guar Gum Composites in Biomedical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Cosmetics Industries

Background: Guar gum is a water-soluble polysaccharide called galactomannan, obtained from the endosperm of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, plant belonging to Leguminosae family. Galactomannan is a biopolymer rich in functional groups, particularly hydroxyl groups, which expand the possibilities of its chemical modification and, therefore, of biological applications. Objective: This review aims to present and discuss various methods used in the preparation of guar gum composites and their applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry. Methods: The published data about the extraction procedure of guar gum and its various physico-chemical properties have been collected and analyzed. Further, the published information about various methods used for the preparation of guar gum composite systems including film, hydrogel and beads have been gathered and comprehensively discussed in this review. The applications of guar gum based composites in the field of biomedical, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics have also been reviewed in detail. Results: Different guar gum composite systems have shown multifunctional properties, including gelling and emulsifying ability, thickening and binding property, quick solubility in water, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability in the domain of biomedical, pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Conclusion: Recent advancements in the preparation and applications of guar gum composites summarized in this review will enhance the practical applications of this polymer in various industries.

Preparation and characterization of guar gum based polyurethanes

Guar gum (plant-based polysaccharide) is a promising candidate with immense potential. It is used as emulsifier, thickener, stabilizer, and as binding agent in many industries. In the present project, it was planned to synthesize guar gum based polyurethanes by varying the amount of guar gum. Guar gum (GG) was used along with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as soft segment, which was then reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to form PU pre-polymers. In last step, these –NCO terminated pre-polymers were extended with 1,4 butane diol as chain extender. The prepared polyurethane samples were then characterized by using FTIR, solid-state 1HNMR and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal behavior of the samples was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results indicated that the incorporation of guar gum in PU backbone improved its thermal behavior and crystallinity.

Preparation and characterization of guar gum based biopolymeric hydrogels for controlled release of antihypertensive drug

Rapid release and poor drug encapsulation ability limit the use of single biopolymer in water-soluble drugs loading, carrying and release efficiency. In the present study, blended hydrogels based on guar gum, sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (GG/SA/PVA) were prepared by solution casting technique and employed for controlled release of verapamil HCl (VP-HCl). The extent of interaction of all blends was explored by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) while surface morphology was determined by Atomic force microscope (AFM) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystallinity, thermal stability and water absorbing capacity of blends were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies respectively. The results revealed improved crystallinity and stability of all the blends. The prepared blends showed promising drug loading and releasing efficiency with higher GG contents for the controlled release of verapamil HCl and at pH 7.4. Optimum drug release (94%) drug release was achieved in 12 h and followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. It has been concluded from the results that GG/SA/PVA blends have potential for drug delivery applications in a controlled manner.

Graphene oxide crosslinked hydrogel nanocomposites of xanthan gum for the adsorption of crystal violet dye

Current study focused on the preparation of xanthan gum based novel hydrogel nanocomposites (XG-HNC) via chemical-crosslinking with graphene oxide (GO) for highly efficient adsorption of crystal violet (CV) dye from contaminated wastewater. Initially, GO was functionalized with vinyltriethoxysilane which was further used as crosslinker to prepare HNC of XG with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and acrylic acid. Adsorption of CV using XG-HNC followed pseudo-second-order rate equation and Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 1566.97 mgdye/gads. The dynamics adsorption behavior of XG-HNC was also checked by passing CV dye through a syringe column filled with XG-HNC which showed that this material has potential to treat cationic dyes specifically CV dye contaminated wastewater in large quantities. Furthermore, reuse efficiency of XG-HNC was checked for twenty continuous cycles of adsorption-desorption. Therefore, with unique structure and properties, XG-HNC is a great candidate for cationic dyes removal from wastewater.

Biocompatible macro, micro and nano scale guar gum hydrogels and their protein absorption capacity

This work describes the preparation and characterization of different guar gum (GG) hydrogels at different sizes to be used for protein absorption. GG macrogels and micro/nanogels were synthesized through chemical crosslinking via bulk polymerization and reverse micelle microemulsion techniques, respectively, and high yields, for example, 94 ± 4% and 91 ± 6% were obtained. GG micro/nanogels with spherical shape and smooth surface were separated in the range of 1–10 µm and 300–900 nm by the filtration process. The blood compatibility assay revealed that GG micro/nanogels were blood compatible up to 2 mg/mL concentration with maximum 1.59 ± 0.97% hemolysis ratio and minimum 84 ± 2.6% blood clotting index. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that linear GG inhibited cell viability at ≥250 µg/mL concentrations, whereas no significant difference was obtained up to 1000 µg/mL concentration when compared to the control groups statistically (p > .05). It was further demonstrated that GG micro/nanogels retain great potential to absorb hemoglobin and lysozyme with 59 ± 7 and 20 ± 8 mg/g absorption capacity at pH 7.4. Furthermore, the absorption capacity of the negatively charged GG micro/nanogels could be augmented by adjusting the pH conditions down to the isoelectric point (IP) of the proteins.

Preparation and characterization of gellan gum-guar gum blend films incorporated with nisin.

Demand for antimicrobial packaging films is growing due to public attention to food safety. The structures and properties of gellan gum-guar gum blend films incorporated with nisin were investigated in this paper. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, rheological analyses showed intermolecular interactions among gellan gum, guar gum, and nisin. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis also indicated higher compatibility of the blend film components and better thermal stability than the gellan gum film. Tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the blend films were enhanced with the addition of guar gum. The TS of the blend film reached 2.89 × 103 MPa, the EAB increased to 67.99%, and the WVP increased to 1.80 × 10-5 g/mm·s·Pa. Additionally, the film with nisin had antibacterial activity for Bacillus subtilis. The results demonstrated that a homogenous and smooth antimicrobial film with gellan gum, guar gum, and nisin could be a good option of antimicrobial packaging film for food preservation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work investigated blend package films of gellan gum and guar gum incorporated with nisin. The results showed compatibility and thermal stability of the film were improved with adding a certain amount of guar gum, and also antibacterial activity for Bacillus subtilis of the blend film with nisin. Therefore, it can be used to the development of antimicrobial packaging films.

Xanthan Gum Ameliorates Osteoarthritis and Mitigates Cartilage Degradation via Regulation of the Wnt3a/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and inflammation. We have previously clarified that a xanthan gum (XG) preparation exerts ameliorating effect on a rabbit OA model by regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3, which are critical proteins in the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. Thus, it is reasonable to predict that the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway is involved in the treatment of OA with XG.Material/MethodsThe effect of XG in OA model animals were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), Safranin O staining, and Fast Green staining. Articular cartilage degradation on the medial plateau sides was quantified using the modified Pritzker OARSI score. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in synovial fluid were determined with ELISA. The protective effect of XG in rat chondrocytes was assessed by CCK8 assay. Moreover, activation of the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway and the expression of MMP13, ADAMTS5, aggrecan, and collagen II under the influence of XG was measured by Western blot and qRT-PCR.ResultsOur results showed that XG reduced the OARSI score and the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in OA after intra-articular injection. XG acted on Wnt3a/β-catenin in ATDC5 cells in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited a protective effect. XG also decreased the expression of MMP13 and ADAMTS5 and rescued the inhibition of aggrecan and collagen II expression in SNP-stimulated chondrocytes.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the effects of XG are related to the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway and XG suppresses matrix degradation by inhibiting the expression of MMPs and ADAMTS and promotes aggrecan and collagen II content in the ECM, indicating its favorable potential for use in OA therapy.

Study of thermally induced interactions between theobromine and various sweeteners

In the past few decades, theobromine has been discovered to play an important role in dental caries prevention being used in different toothpastes for children. Theobromine is recognized in the literature for the vasodilatation effect, for stimulation of heart, etc. Sweeteners are known to be present in two different forms, such as natural and synthetic sweeteners, both with applications in different types of foods. The aim of this study was to obtain a perspective on the compatibility of different sweeteners with theobromine. The compatibility of the selected sweeteners (Ar. gum; trehalose; lactose; sorbitol; fructose; glucose; and galactose) with Th has been studied to verify whether these sweeteners can be used in the preparation of chewing gum or candy with properties in the prevention of caries in children. In order to evaluate the compatibility between the sweeteners and the active substance, the binary systems were designed in a 1:1 ratio. The investigation techniques used during the study were attenuated by total reflection of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and thermoanalytical techniques: thermogravimetry (TG)/derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)/heat flow (HF). The ATR-FTIR clearly suggested absence of the interaction at room temperature between sweetener and active substance for all designed systems. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG/HF) performed on open crucibles in a dynamic air atmosphere suggested that the systems designed for trehalose/Th are not possible to be used in both types of formulations (medicated chewing gum and candy). System designed for lactose/Th can be used in chewing gum preparation but for candy formulation is not feasible to be used because the degradation process is starting close to the lower temperature used in candy preparation process.

Preparation and Characterization of Gum Acacia/Ce(IV)MoPO4 Nanocomposite Ion Exchanger for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Violet Dye

Gum acacia based nanocomposite ion exchanger has been fabricated using simple sol–gel method. The effect of biopolymer concentration on ion exchange capacity has been studied. The GA/CeMoPO4 nanocomposite ion exchanger has been well characterized using various techniques as FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM. The GA/CeMoPO4 showed better ion exchange capacity of 1.04 meq/g in comparison to its inorganic counterpart GA/CeMoPO4 (0.65 meq/g). The various physicochemical properties including thermal stability, elution behavior and pH titrations were studied in detail. The photocatalytic nature of GA/CeMoPO4 and CeMoPO4 were investigated using methyl violet as test dye. The GA/CeMoPO4 showed 86% of methyl violet photodegradation in 2 h of illumination.

Pre-formulation Study for Preparation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablets Containing Nystatin and Cashew Gum by Direct Compression

Pre-formulation Study for Preparation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablets Containing Nystatin and Cashew Gum by Direct Compression