Premarital Sexual Relations Research Articles

Sexuality and concealment among Iranian young women

Criminalization of sexual relations outside the institution of marriage in Iran fosters – among other means – concealment as one of the safest methods to undermine social and legal impediments. In a context where any alternative practices of sexualities are subject to persecution, sexual concealments are applied as tactics for survival. The female body in such a normative-laden society is conditioned by its “openness” which makes it a subject of honor for family and kin and core for the management of desire and regulating the intimate for the theocratic state. Based on life stories of young women who have had pre-marital sexual relations in Tehran, this article addresses sexual concealment as the main method used by those women. Findings of the study suggest a three-fold model of concealment practiced in various social settings. Body concealment which was encouraged by the families and authorities to reduce the visibility of the female body during adolescence, engenders other types of concealment. Lesbian-like practices were utilized by women in homosocial settings to undermine the heteronormative social structure. Concealment of sexual orientations, desires and practices was applied to “keep the order of things in place” and to undermine the repressive policies and practices based on the socio-religious normative.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU SEKSUAL PADA REMAJA

Adolescent sexual and reproductive health has become a national problem at this time. Adolescent sexual behavior that leads to an increase in premarital sexual relations is triggered by dating activities. Adolescent sexual behavior will have negative effects such as pregnancy in adolescents, abortion, unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV / AIDS. BKKBN data from Deli Serdang Regency in 2016 states that 15-20 of 9382 teenagers experience pregnancy at a young age due to early sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence sexual behavior in adolescents in the District Lubuk Pakam in 2017. This type of research uses a cross sectional approach with the implementation time in February-May 2017. The population in this study were all adolescents in Lubuk Pakam District aged 15 -19 years totaling 9382 people and a total sample of 128 people. Data were obtained using questionnaires analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The results of the study showed that the sexual behavior of teenagers in the high risk category was 43.0%. Predispossing factors: adolescent knowledge of not good category as much as 53.9%, negative category attitude 54.7%, and low socio-economic category 57.8%. Enabling factors: source (media) information 56.3% of exposed categories. Reinforcing factors: the role of the closest person 57.8% in the role category, self control 59.4% in the uncontrolled category, and the lifestyle of 68.8% in the modern category. The results of statistical tests using SPSS found that predispossing, enabling factors and reinforcing factors had a significant relationship with adolescent sexual behavior. The most dominant variable on adolescent sexual behavior is attitude with p = 0.002. It is suggested to the local government to further enhance positive activities in adolescents in order to avoid the occurrence of deviant sexual behavior.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN SIKAP MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN SEMESTER V DAN VII TENTANG HUBUNGAN SEKSUAL (INTERCOURSE) PRANIKAH DI PROGRAM STUDI S1 KEPERAWATAN FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS WIRARAJA SUMENEP

Teenage association at this time has reached the stage of worrying. All the mass media both electronic and print media by displaying things that could lead to the destruction of morality of the young generation at this time. Teenagers in the past and present are very different and very irrelevant anymore.
 Data from BKKBN mention that pregnancy rate among adolescent in Indonesia is high enough that 48 out of 1000 adolescents, and 58% teenage girl who get pregnant outside of marriage have desire to have abortion.
 General Purpose of This Research is To know the factors related to attitude of nursing students of semester V and VII about premarital sexual intercourse at Nursing Study Program Faculty of Health Sciences.
 This type of research is observational using Cross-Sectional approach. Population taken in this research is nursing student of semester VII at Health Faculty of University of Wiraraja Sumenep counted 128 student. Including male and female students, then simplified back with a slovin formula obtained 100 samples. Using total sampling sampling techniques. Data Analysis Method using Pearson Product Moment correlation test
 The result of this research is that most of students have medium attitude about 66% toward premarital sexual intercourse, most of students have medium knowledge about 50% about reproduction health, most of students have enough information from mass media as much as 52%. There is a relationship between knowledge with the attitude of students about premarital sexual intercourse (p = 0.012). There is a significant relationship between mass media and student attitude about premarital sexual relationship (p = 0.008)

MOTHER SINGLEHOOD AT FIRST BIRTH AND MORTALITY RISKS OF FIRST- AND LATER-BORN CHILDREN: THE CASE OF SENEGAL

AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which being born to a single mother affects a child’s survival rate in Senegal, a context where girls’ premarital sexual relationships are still widely stigmatized. It also examines whether any negative effect persists up to affecting the survival rate of children of higher birth order born after the mother has married. Using data from Demographic and Health Survey, we find that the mortality rate is higher for first-born boys, but not for first-born daughters, whose mother was single at the time of their birth, and lower for second-born children whose sister, but not brother, was born out of wedlock. The latter effect is actually driven by children from older cohorts of women. Therefore, strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of the stigma associated with a premarital birth seem to exist but vary with the gender of the child born premarital in Senegal. In addition, persisting negative effects appear to have decreased over time. Potential channels through which boys born from a single mother are at a higher risk of death in the country are discussed. Overall, our findings indicate that social programs targeting single mothers, especially when they gave birth to a boy, would help avoiding dramatic events as the death of a child.

The relationship between personality traits and the perceptions on pre-marital sexual relations

The study was conducted to discover the relationship between personality traits of students and their perception of pre-marital sexual relations. This paper also attempted to find out the influence of internal or external factors on their perception towards the issue. Their personal background such as relationship status was taken into account. A questionnaire was administered to 100 male students and 100 female students in a private university. The results revealed that there are differences among those who accepts and rejects the act based on their relationship statuses. People who are married have different say on the matter as opposed to those who are not married yet. However, there were no significant relation between personality traits and their perception on pre-marital sex. Based on the results collected, we were able to conclude that no matter which personality the person may have, the majority of pupils are against the idea of pre-marital sexual relations. No effect on opinion based on gender can be seen as well. Though, a look at the data on internal and external factors, another conclusion can be made. Religion is the main factor that influences the students’ perceptions on pre-marital sexual relations. It being a main theme in Malaysia, strong implications are present for certain issues that have a connection with religion. Despite the person's relationship status, personality or gender, the social standard and expectations are what control their perception on the matter of pre-marital sexual relations.

You can’t burn the house down because of one bedbug: a qualitative study of changing gender norms in the prevention of violence against women and girls in an urban informal settlement in India

Background: The contribution of structural inequalities and societal legitimisation to violence against women, which 30% of women in India survive each year, is widely accepted. There is a consensus that interventions should aim to change gender norms, particularly through community mobilisation. How this should be done is less clear. Methods: We did a qualitative study in a large informal settlement in Mumbai, an environment that characterises 41% of households. After reviewing the anonymised records of consultations with 1653 survivors of violence, we conducted 5 focus group discussions and 13 individual interviews with 71 women and men representing a range of age groups and communities. We based the interviews on fictitious biographical vignettes to elicit responses and develop an understanding of social norms. We wondered whether, in trying to change norms, we might exploit the disjunction between descriptive norms (beliefs about what others actually do) and injunctive norms (beliefs about what others think one ought to do), focusing program activities on evidence that descriptive norms are changing. Results: We found that descriptive and injunctive norms were relatively similar with regard to femininity, masculinity, the need for marriage and childbearing, resistance to separation and divorce, and disapproval of friendships between women and men. Some constraints on women’s dress and mobility were relaxing, but there were more substantial differences between descriptive and injunctive norms around women’s education, control of income and finances, and premarital sexual relationships. Conclusions: Programmatically, we hope to exploit these areas of mismatch in the context of injunctive norms generally inimical to violence against women. We propose that an under-appreciated strategy is expansion of the reference group: induction of relatively isolated women and men into broader social groups whose descriptive and injunctive norms do not tolerate violence

You can't burn the house down because of one bedbug: a qualitative study of changing gender norms in the prevention of violence against women and girls in an urban informal settlement in India.

Background: The contribution of structural inequalities and societal legitimisation to violence against women, which 30% of women in India survive each year, is widely accepted. There is a consensus that interventions should aim to change gender norms, particularly through community mobilisation. How this should be done is less clear. Methods: We did a qualitative study in a large informal settlement in Mumbai, an environment that characterises 41% of households. After reviewing the anonymised records of consultations with 1653 survivors of violence, we conducted 5 focus group discussions and 13 individual interviews with 71 women and men representing a range of age groups and communities. We based the interviews on fictitious biographical vignettes to elicit responses and develop an understanding of social norms. We wondered whether, in trying to change norms, we might exploit the disjunction between descriptive norms (beliefs about what others actually do) and injunctive norms (beliefs about what others think one ought to do), focusing program activities on evidence that descriptive norms are changing. Results: We found that descriptive and injunctive norms were relatively similar with regard to femininity, masculinity, the need for marriage and childbearing, resistance to separation and divorce, and disapproval of friendships between women and men. Some constraints on women's dress and mobility were relaxing, but there were more substantial differences between descriptive and injunctive norms around women's education, control of income and finances, and premarital sexual relationships. Conclusions: Programmatically, we hope to exploit these areas of mismatch in the context of injunctive norms generally inimical to violence against women. We propose that an under-appreciated strategy is expansion of the reference group: induction of relatively isolated women and men into broader social groups whose descriptive and injunctive norms do not tolerate violence.

You can’t burn the house down because of one bedbug: a qualitative study of changing gender norms in the prevention of violence against women and girls in an urban informal settlement in India

Background: The contribution of structural inequalities and societal legitimisation to violence against women, which 30% of women in India survived in the last year, is widely accepted. There is a consensus that interventions should aim to change gender norms, particularly through community mobilisation. How this should be done is less clear. Methods: We did a qualitative study in a large informal settlement in Mumbai, an environment in which 41% of the population live. After reviewing the anonymised records of consultations with 1653 survivors of violence, we conducted 5 focus group discussions and 13 individual interviews with 71 women and men representing a range of age groups and communities. We based the interviews on fictitious biographical vignettes to elicit responses and develop an understanding of social norms. We hypothesised that, in trying to change norms, we might exploit the disjunction between descriptive norms (beliefs about what others actually do) and injunctive norms (beliefs about what others think one ought to do), focusing program activities on evidence that descriptive norms are changing. Results: We found that descriptive and injunctive norms were relatively similar with regard to femininity, masculinity, the need for marriage and childbearing, resistance to separation and divorce, and disapproval of friendships between women and men. Some constraints on women’s dress and mobility were relaxing, but there were more substantial differences between descriptive and injunctive norms around women’s education, control of income and finances, and premarital sexual relationships. Conclusions: Programmatically, we hope to exploit these areas of mismatch in the context of injunctive norms generally inimical to violence against women. We propose that an under-appreciated strategy is expansion of the reference group: induction of relatively isolated women and men into broader social groups whose descriptive and injunctive norms do not tolerate violence.

Premarital Romantic and Sexual Relationship among Unmarried Young Adults in India-An Overview

Premarital Romantic and Sexual Relationship among Unmarried Young Adults in India-An Overview

Factors Determining the Use of Condoms at the Onset of Pre-marital Sexual Relationships among Never Married Youths in Zambia

Factors Determining the Use of Condoms at the Onset of Pre-marital Sexual Relationships among Never Married Youths in Zambia

Premarital sexual relationships: Contraceptive knowledge and practice among iranian youths

Objective: The youths' sexual behaviors are counted as the main priorities of the public health due to the high prevalence of unwanted pregnancies, illegal abortions, and sexually transmitted infections. This research was carried out to explain the youths' contraceptive knowledge and practice in premarital sexual relationships. Methods: This qualitative research was carried out on 30 single boys and girls aged 18–24, living in Isfahan, Iran, who had already started sexual activities. Data collection was done with semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed by using conventional content analysis. Results: Two main categories were extracted including inadequate awareness regarding contraception (with subcategories “unreliable information sources” and “gender inequality in familiarity with contraceptive methods”) and inappropriate contraceptive practice (with sub-categories “use of unreliable contraceptive methods” and “gender inequality in applying contraceptive methods”). Conclusion: Sexual health education programs should equip the youths with adequate knowledge on contraception and use of reliable contraceptive methods. Furthermore, attempts should be made along with tackling gender inequality is very significant for youths' sexual and reproductive health security.

Family Adult Awareness of Adolescents’ Premarital Romantic and Sexual Relationships in Ghana

This study examined the circumstances under which family adults in Ghana were aware of their adolescent children’s involvement in premarital relationships. It was hypothesized that factors related to the seriousness and social acceptability of the relationship would influence the likelihood of family adults’ awareness in gender-specific ways. Data were derived for 606 premarital relationships reported by 423 adolescents (62% female) aged 14 to 21 years in southeastern Ghana. Family adults were more likely to know about adolescents’ premarital relationships when those relationships were longer lasting, emotionally closer, and involved marital intentions; when they involved out-of-school, employed partners; and when youth perceived that family adults were less disapproving of adolescent sexual activity. Adolescent girls were more likely than boys to report relationships with older, out-of-school, employed partners from financially better-off families. The seriousness and social acceptability of adolescents’ premarital relationships influence the likelihood of family adult awareness of such relationships.

Psychological Predictors of Premarital Sexual Relationship among In-school Adolescents in a Western Nigerian City

Adolescence is a stage in life that is considered very turbulent as the psychological and physiological changes that accompany this period predispose young people to risky sexual behaviour. Therefore, finding out factors that predict sexual behaviour among this group is an important issue for research. It is against this backdrop that this study was designed to investigate psychological predictors of premarital sexual relationships among in-school adolescents in a western Nigerian city. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 675 respondents for the study although analysis was based on the 643 questionnaires that were returned from the field and found useful for analysis. Data was collected using a self-developed and modified instrument from standardized scales. The questionnaire was examined for reliability using the Cronbach alpha which yielded 0.81 coefficients. On the spot administration technique was used to collect data and the generated data were analysed using inferential statistics of regression models at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study showed that all the psychological variables investigated were found to significantly predict premarital sexual relationships among the respondents. Findings showed that self-esteem (R = 0.290, Adj. R2 = 0.080, F(1,641)= 19.508, p = 0.000<0.05), self-efficacy (R = 0.290, Adj. R2 = 0.080, F(1,641) = 19.508, p = 0.000<0.05), and attitude towards premarital sex (R = 0.290, Adj. R2 = 0.080, F(1,641) = 19.508, p = 0.000<0.05) significantly predicted premarital sexual relationships among the respondents. It was therefore concluded that modifying psychological factors of self-esteem, self-efficacy and attitude towards premarital sex can be effective in regulating involvement in premarital sexual relationships among in-school adolescents in the city. Scaling up the level of school counseling especially in the area of sexual adjustment and modification of the psychological variables investigated were recommended.

KASUS "KUMPUL" SEBELUM KAWIN: TREND DAN KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU*

Basing on the age groups like, the last age, the first age group, and the marriage age, the proportion of the youth who get involved in premarital sexual relationship is evidently increasing from year to year. This has led to the emergence of various problems connected with unprotected sexuality and reproductive health of the youth. Up to 76.1 percent cases of premarital sexual activities were first carried out between age limits 21-71 years. Most of them involved students of high school and tertiary institutions. There is a tendency that the higher the level of education, the higher will be the degree of permissiveness towards premarital sexual relationship. Most of the new marriages involve pregnant cases of between 3-6 months. The proportion of premarital sex cases is higher in the urban areas compared to the rural areas.

The Viewpoints of Sexually Active Single Women About Premarital Sexual Relationships: A Qualitative Study in the Iranian Context.

Background:Premarital sexual relationships could harm youth’s health in terms of sexually transmitted infections or increased risk of unprotected sexual behaviors. Sexual abstinence has been recommended to prevent young adolescents from adverse outcomes of premarital sexual relationships.Objectives:The aim of this study was to explore the viewpoints of sexually active single women about premarital sexual relationships in the Iranian context.Patients and Methods:In this qualitative study, we recruited 41 young women aged 18 to 35 years. Data were collected using focus group discussions and individual interviews. We employed conventional content analysis to analyze the data. Multiple data collection methods, maximum variation sampling, and peer checks were applied to enhance the reliability of the findings.Results:Eight themes emerged from the data analysis: ‘acceptance of sexual contact in the context of opposite-sex relationships, ‘sexual activity as a guarantee for keeping the boyfriend in the relationship’, ‘premarital sexual relationship as an undeniable personal right’, ‘having successful marriage in spite of premarital sexual relationships’, ‘virginity as an old fashioned phenomenon’, ‘love as a license for premarital sexual behaviors’, ‘goal-oriented relationship as a license for premarital sexual behaviors’, and ‘experiencing premarital sexual relationships in order to gain perfection’.Conclusions:Results of this study could be applied to designing interventions, such as promotion of preventive beliefs or educational programs regarding premarital sexual relationships in conservative societies. These interventions could start within families and continue at schools and universities.

Virginity dilemma: Re-creating virginity through hymenoplasty in Iran

Bridal virginity retains undeniable value in Iran’s contemporary cultural landscape. Widely regarded as a sign of chastity and purity for unmarried girls, failure to prove virginity on the wedding night may have serious consequences for a girl. In this context, there has been a recent growth in the rate of hymen restoration surgery (hymenoplasty) due to an increase in the number of girls who engage in premarital sexual relationships. The present study attempts to elucidate the processes through which particular physical features come to be considered culturally meaningful, and explores the phenomenon of hymen-reconstructing surgery from the perspective of young Tehrani girls and boys. Applying anthropological insights into gender roles, I explore how so-called ‘rebellious’ Iranian girls find – through the surgical reconstruction of their hymen – a means to negotiate between dominant models of gender and their own subjective experiences. While their actions challenge the premarital sex taboo, Iranian girls who participate in hymen restoration surgery also conform to the values that require them to be a virgin at the time of marriage, thus reinforcing existing power relations.

Premarital sexual practices and its predictors among in-school youths of Shendi town, west Gojjam zone, North Western Ethiopia.

BackgroundYouth who begin early pre-marital sexual activity are more likely to be engaged in unsafe sex. Early sexual debut puts them at increased risk for acquiring or transmitting sexually transmitted infections, including HIV; and makes them highly vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy and its consequences. This study was conducted to assess premarital sexual practices and its predictors among in-school youths in North West Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried among 826 in school youths from December; 2011 to January; 2012 in Shendi town. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between premarital sexual practices and selected exposure variables.ResultsNearly one fifth 157 (19%) of the participants reported having had premarital sexual intercourse, of which 91 (22.7%) were males and 66 (15.5%) were females. The mean (SD) age at first sexual intercourse was 16 .48 (1.59) for males and 15.89 (1.68) for females. More than three - fourth of sexually active in-school youths engaged in premarital sexual relationship before celebrating their 18th birthday. Being greater than 20 years (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.98, 6.82), living with friends or relatives (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.46, 4.16), living alone (without parental control (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.38, 4.55) and watching pornographic movies (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.18, 2.53) were found to be significantly associated with premarital sexual practices.ConclusionA significant number of in-school youths had started premarital sexual activity that might predispose them to different sexual and reproductive health risks. Therefore, various efforts need to be initiated through school-based information, education, and behavioral change communication, interventions, such as life skills education and negotiation.

Sexual Behaviour among School Youths in a Rural Far-western District of Nepal

Background Youth population (10-24 years of age) comprises more than 30% of the total population in Nepal. This is the age when values are formed, many become sexually active and begin to develop a pattern of risky sexual behaviour. This makes youth more vulnerable to contacting sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. The main objective of this study was to assess the sexual behavior among school youths of a rural far-western district, Achham, Nepal.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among school youths aged 15 to 24 years studying at grade 11 and 12 in Achham district. Data were collected from February to April, 2011 using self-administered questionnaires from 229 boys and 156 girls of randomly selected eight higher secondary schools of the district.Results The study found that over a quarter of the respondents were sexually active before marriage, boys five times more compared to girls. More than one-fourth (28.2%) of sexually active young boys and girls were found to have engaged in multiple sexual relations; of which peers were the most common (71.1%) sexual partners. Overall, three out of every four sexually active school youths were found to have practised risky sexual behavior. The study found age of the respondent, gender, education and age at first sexual intercourse were significantly associated with the sexual behavior of the school youths.Conclusions Young people at schools were found to be engaged in unsafe sexual activities in study district. They were found initiating multiple sexual relations and pre-marital sexual relations. The use of condom was found declining in subsequent sexual contacts. Such risky sexual behaviours were putting the young population at more vulnerable to the risks of any sexually transmitted infections. Sex education would therefore be imperative to focus on sexual and reproductive health interventions targeted for the young people.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9873 Health Prospect Vol.12(2) 2013: 37-41

Aspects of Home Environment and Adolescent Sexual Behaviour in Southwestern Nigeria

This study examines adolescent sexual behaviour within the context of the home environment (urban low, medium and high residential density) in which the yougsters live. Spatial variations in five variables measuring sexual behaviour: first sex experience, age of first sex, identity of sexual partner, use of family planning (FP) and number of sexual partner were analysed with ANOVA. The data obtained from a survey of 1670 adolescents in two pre-colonial cities in South Western Nigeria reveals that pre-marital sexual relations among urban adolescents is not only becoming a near universal phenomenon, but also the mean age of first sexual encounter is declining. Of great concern is the identity of sexual partners, which now includes commercial sex hawkers. Also noteworthy is the high level of sexual activity with about 3 out of every 4 adolescents having sex with more than one partner in the last six months of the study. These practices are most prominent in the high density home environment. Against the background of observed widespread non-use of FP, the findings of this study raise concern about the public health importance of STIs, and the fact that conventional STIs facilitate the acquisition and transmission of HIV. The need to focus more policy and programme attention on adolescent sexuality behaviour is compelling.

Premarital Sexuality, Gender Relations and Unplanned Pregnancies in Ouagadougou

<titre>Sexualit&#233;s pr&#233;nuptiales, rapports de genre et grossesses non pr&#233;vues &#224; Ouagadougou</titre>La sexualit&#233; pr&#233;maritale se g&#233;n&#233;ralise sur le continent africain, et cette tendance est plus accentu&#233;e dans les villes. Bien que l&#8217;utilisation du pr&#233;servatif ait progress&#233; chez les jeunes non mari&#233;s, de nombreuses &#233;tudes montrent que les besoins contraceptifs non satisfaits restent importants dans ce sous-groupe de la population. &#192; partir de donn&#233;es qualitatives collect&#233;es en 2006 et 2007 &#224; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (77 entretiens approfondis avec des jeunes femmes et hommes, enqu&#234;te Emergency Contraception in Africa &#8211; ECAF), cet article montre comment un syst&#232;me de genre in&#233;galitaire contribue &#224; la survenue de grossesses non pr&#233;vues avant le mariage. L&#8217;activit&#233; sexuelle pr&#233;nuptiale des jeunes femmes reste marqu&#233;e par la recherche de moralit&#233; et de mariage (un mariage plus ou moins diff&#233;r&#233;); l&#8217;activit&#233; sexuelle pr&#233;nuptiale masculine est souvent caract&#233;ris&#233;e par une valorisation du multi-partenariat et du plaisir masculin. Les logiques qui sous-tendent l&#8217;activit&#233; sexuelle pr&#233;nuptiale peuvent amener les individus &#224; vouloir &#233;viter une grossesse &#224; tout prix, ou au contraire, &#224; rel&#233;guer la pr&#233;vention au second plan. Les grossesses non pr&#233;vues surviennent quand un des partenaires se situe simultan&#233;ment dans plusieurs logiques &#224; la fois et/ou quand les deux partenaires sont dans des logiques diff&#233;rentes; dans ce dernier cas, l&#8217;asym&#233;trie des motivations des hommes et des femmes place ces derni&#232;res en position de vuln&#233;rabilit&#233; dans la n&#233;gociation du pr&#233;servatif.