Premarital Sexual Relations Research Articles

Judge's Considerations When Handing Down Marriage Dispensation Decisions in Aceh Singkil Regency for the 2019-2023 Period

This study aims to comprehensively examine the reality of the dynamics of marriage dispensation application cases at the Singkil Sharia Court, Aceh Singkil Regency, the judge's considerations in accepting or rejecting marriage dispensation applications, and the legal basis used by the judge in deciding marriage dispensation cases at the Singkil Sharia Court, Aceh Singkil Regency. This study uses a naturalistic qualitative approach with a field research method. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. This study is descriptive naturalistic, which aims to clearly and in detail describe the social reality at the Singkil Sharia Court, Aceh Singkil Regency. The results of the study indicate that the process of submitting a marriage dispensation application at the Singkil Sharia Court reflects the same requirements as the Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No. 5 of 2019. The findings indicate that the main reasons for the application include parental concerns about indecent behavior, customary considerations and scheduling of wedding receptions, and premarital sexual relations. The judge's basis for deciding on a marriage dispensation application involves considerations such as the absence of parents in mediation, family pressure, and document inconsistencies. The judge's considerations in deciding on a marriage dispensation include the child's readiness to live in a household, psychological and financial capabilities, and approval from the extended family. This study emphasizes the importance of adjusting decisions to existing regulations to ensure fairness.

PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG PERILAKU MENYIMPANG PADA KADER REMAJA

The increasing rate of juvenile delinquency is very worrying for many parties. Both related to mass fights, drugs, premarital sexual relations, drinking and so on. Even though various efforts have been made, until now the incidence rate is still difficult to reduce. The forum for activities provided to teenagers, such as the Youth Posyandu, the formation of youth cadres is still not running optimally. The aim of this community service is to optimize the knowledge of juvenile cadres through health promotion and discussions on juvenile delinquency. The method used through interactive discussions about juvenile delinquency (deviant behavior). The results of this community service activity are that the knowledge of teenage after health education and interactive discussions is mostly very good. Adolescent health education activities are felt by youth cadres to be very beneficial, the cadres really want this activity not to stop here, but to continue

Pengaruh Penyuluhan Kesehatan Reproduksi Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Remaja Tentang Hubungan Seksual Pranikah Di SMAN 1 Sukanagara

Introduction: Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood which is marked by increased curiosity, including curiosity related to sexuality. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents about premarital sexual relations at SMAN 1 Sukangara. This study used an experimental approach (quasi-experimental design). Using a questionnaire instrument and related questions, 170 students of class XI IPS participated in this study, which directly collected data from respondents. Methods: This study used an experimental approach (quasi-experimental design). Using a questionnaire instrument and related questions, 170 students of class XI IPS participated in this study which directly collected data from respondents. Results: The results of this research obtained an overview of the lack of knowledge of students regarding premarital sex and there is a relationship between the influence of reproductive health education at SMAN 1 Sukanagara in 2023 with a p-value of 0,000 OR = 154,979 on Adolescent Awareness of Premarital Sexual Relations. The Effect of Reproductive Health Counseling on Adolescents' Views of Premarital Sexual Relations at SMAN 1 Sukanagara in 2023 and Relationship p-value 0,000 OR= 80,322. which means that after the Reproductive Health Counseling (Variable X) the level of knowledge (Variable Y) and Attitude (Variable Z) increased compared to before the counseling was carried out. Discussion: Counseling about premarital sexual relations needs serious attention so that adolescents' insights about premarital sexual relations will increase and be able to create a better generation.

Knowledge and Perceptions of Muslim Adolescents Regarding Pre-Marital Sexual Relations: A Qualitative Study

Changes in sexual behavior among teenagers in Indonesia are very worrying. Premarital sexual behavior can have various negative impacts on teenagers. This research aims to determine the knowledge and perceptions of teenagers regarding premarital sexual relations in Gowa Regency. The data collection method used was in-depth interviews. The sample was selected using snowball sampling as many as 7 informants. Data was analyzed qualitatively. The research results showed that the informant's knowledge about reproductive health did not have a positive impact on the informant's sexual behavior, where the informant did not limit risky sexual behavior even though the informant knew the consequences of risky sexual behavior. The informant's perception regarding sexual relations behavior (intercourse) is to seek satisfaction, have fun, the partner must belong completely and also as an expression of affection and love. This study recommends the importance of parental supervision of teenagers' attitudes and behavior through intensive and quality communication without limiting children's rights to mix with their environment. Apart from that, it is necessary to increase the role of parents and religious preachers in providing the best solutions to the problems faced by teenagers using a persuasive approach.

Analysis of Adolescent Reproductive Health Risk Factors in Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia

Adolescent reproductive health is an important issue in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze risk factors for adolescent reproductive health in Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia. This research used a cross-sectional survey method involving 400 teenagers aged 15-24 years. Data was collected through questionnaires. Data analysis used the Chi-square test. The research results show that risk factors for adolescent reproductive health in Purwakarta Regency include: Low adolescent knowledge about reproductive health (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.45-3.24); Risky sexual behavior, such as having had premarital sexual relations (OR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.99-4.19); Unsafe use of contraceptives, such as not using contraceptives at all (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.99-4.19); Lack of adolescent access to reproductive health services (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.87-3.83). The conclusion of this study shows that efforts need to be made to increase teenagers' knowledge about reproductive health, reduce risky sexual behavior, increase the use of safe contraceptives, and increase teenagers' access to reproductive health services.

Сімейні конфлікти та шляхи їхнього розв’язання наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. (за матеріалами преси підросійської України)

The purpose of the research is to analyze the features of coverage on the pages of the press of Sub-Russian Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries family conflicts and the ways of their resolution proposed by the state and the public. The research methodology is based on such general scientific principles as historicism, objectivity, systematicity, as well as on the use of general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, classification and typology, comparison and abstraction, generalization and systematization) and special (historical-genetic, historical and comparative, analogy) methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in domestic historical science, coverage of family conflicts by the press at that time is considered; the ways of their solution are focused on; the importance of mass media for the formation of the concept of a new family, free from patriarchal norms, in which separate cohabitation of spouses, premarital sexual relations and divorce is a common phenomenon, is demonstrated. Conclusions. Family conflicts were an everyday phenomenon of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as evidenced by numerous informative and analytical publications in the press of Sub-Russian Ukraine of that time. Most often, the causes of conflicts were of a romantic nature (jealousy, adultery), often they occurred when one of the spouses was intoxicated, in a state of affect and nervous excitement, and were accompanied by the use of household items (knives, axes) and firearms, chemical and poisonous substances (sulphuric and carbolic acids, arsenic). Physical violence by a man against a woman was a common phenomenon in the Russian Empire during the period of modernization. The reasons for this can be considered the patriarchal system of society; significant influence of the church, which condemned the separate residence of men and women; complexity of the divorce procedure; low level of literacy of people from the poor strata of society; availability of alcohol and weapons. A part of court cases, which were accompanied by the murder of one of the spouses, ended with an acquittal by the jurors. Local press commentators were often on the side of those acquitted by the court, which testifies to the fact that the progress towards achieving gender equality and the emancipation of women, albeit slowly, was taking place, and the patriarchal foundations of society were gradually being destroyed in the direction of democratization. Some saw in this the collapse of the family as a social institution. Probably, we should talk about the natural transformation of the family, which was a natural phenomenon in accordance with the changes in the economy and culture, one of the catalysts of which was the press.

Level of HIV serodiscordance and associated factors among heterosexual couples in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

HIV-related causes accounted for approximately 770,000 deaths globally in 2018. Globally, there were 1.7 million new infections, and approximately 37.9 million people were living with HIV by the end of 2018. According to the WHO 2018 study, the African Region was the most affected, with 25.7 million people living with HIV in 2018. In Africa, married and cohabiting couples have a high prevalence of HIV discordance, ranging from 3% to 20% in the general population. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the level of HIV serodiscordance among married couples in Ethiopia and the contributing factors. Studies were systematically searched, utilizing international databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The level of quality of the included articles, which employed cross-sectional and cohort study designs, was evaluated using the New Castle Ottawa scale. The systematic review employed a random-effects approach, and statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 17 software. The presence of statistical heterogeneity within the included studies was assessed using the I-squared statistic. The random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled level of HIV serodiscordance. The results were reported following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. A total of ten (10) observational studies were included in this review. The pooled level of HIV serodiscordance among married heterosexual couples in Ethiopia was found to be 11.4% (95% CI = 7% -15.7%). The results from the meta-analysis indicated a significant positive association between HIV serodiscordance and the variables studied. Specifically, consistently using condoms (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.08-2.56), having a CD4 count of >200 cells/mm3 (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.12-1.77), and having a premarital sexual relationship (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.28-2.57) were strongly linked to couples' serodiscordance. To protect a seronegative partner in a serodiscordant relationship from acquiring HIV infection, it is crucial to implement preventive measures. These measures include providing comprehensive health education on the correct and consistent use of condoms, ensuring regular monitoring and care at an antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic, and offering voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services to both sexual partners.

Pengembangan Model Edukasi Telehealth terhadap Pencegahan Perilaku Seksual Pranikah pada Remaja: Literatur Review

Pre-marital sexual behavior in adolescents can influence developmental tasks and increase risky behaviors such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Social media, gadget influence, and inappropriate peer selection play a role in these occurrences. Peer education models through counselling centers in schools are crucial in providing insights and experiences for better and healthier behavior. Telehealth models serve as an educational method that can reduce pre-marital sexual behavior by providing information on reproductive health and preventing pre-marital sexual behavior. The research method used was a comprehensive literature review. A total of 11 articles meeting inclusion criteria were found, utilizing educational media through m-health, WhatsApp groups, videos, and leaflets. Data gathered included insights into sexual diseases, positive attitudes towards change, adolescent knowledge and interests, education level, gender, self-efficacy, general health status, socioeconomic status, living conditions, healthcare facilities, and marital status. Clinical practice implications through peer education can enhance adolescent knowledge, thus potentially reducing premarital sexual relationships and unwanted pregnancies among adolescents. Based on the literature study, the telehealth education model can be further developed using other theoretical models to make its implementation more comprehensive.

RESILIENSI REMAJA YANG PERNAH MENGALAMI KEHAMILAN TIDAK DI INGINKAN AKIBAT HUBUNGAN SEKS SEBELUM MENIKAH: STUDI KUALITATIF

Teenagers who are unmarried and experience unwanted pregnancies get negative effects, namely experiencing psychological stress. The main stress experienced is fear of stigmatization from the environment, negative reactions from partners, parents feel disappointed, and expulsion from school. Teenagers get a lot of negative impacts and experience difficult situations from unwanted pregnancies due to premarital sexual relations and new roles as young mothers so they need to have the ability to adapt and survive when experiencing bad or broken events in their lives which are known as resilience. The method used in this study is qualitative while the focus of the research is to describe the resilience of adolescents who have experienced unwanted pregnancies as a result of premarital sex. The results of this study are that all informants are currently in the process of becoming resilient. The resilience within the three informants comes from three sources, namely I have, I am, and I can resilience.
 
 Key word: Premarital sex, Resilience, Unwanted Pregnancy

Predictors of Sexual and Reproductive Self-care Among Iranian Adolescent Females

Background: Self-care can include the activities that individuals perform in accordance with their needs to maintain and promote their health. Puberty is the most important change that comes with adolescence, which necessitates adolescents to become aware of their sexual and reproductive health. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the predictors of adolescent females’ sexual and reproductive self-care status. Methods: This cross-sectional study using random multistage sampling was conducted on adolescent females aged 14 - 19 years in the secondary schools of Karaj, Iran, in 2022. A total of 555 female students voluntarily completed the survey. The survey included the Female Adolescents’ Sexual and Reproductive Self-care Scale (FASRSCS). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and univariable and multivariable linear regression were applied. Results: The mean score of the FASRSCS was 65.42 out of 100 (standard deviation (SD) = 10.27). The highest mean score was acquired on the Perception of Female Adolescents of Premarital Sexual Relationships subscale (85.98 (SD = 14.28)), and the lowest mean score was acquired on the Reproductive and Sexual Health Knowledge subscale (36.97 (SD = 23.58)). The total score on the FASRSCS had the strongest association with the Adolescents and Family Interaction subscale (r = 0.71, P < 0.001), and the weakest association was with the Reproductive and Sexual Health Knowledge subscale (r = 0.38, P < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that having very strong religious beliefs (β = 0.23, P < 0.001), receiving information regarding puberty and menstrual health from peers (β = -0.20, P < 0.001), and cold parent-child relationship (β = -0.19, P < 0.001) were independent significant predictors of good sexual and reproductive self-care among adolescent females. Conclusions: Given the importance of religious beliefs, parent-adolescent relationships, and the sources through which adolescents receive information regarding their sexual and reproductive health self-care, it is necessary to appropriate design interventions, including the aforementioned factors, in order to optimize and promote good sexual and reproductive health among female Iranian adolescents.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS IN PREVENTING PREMARITAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG GENERATION Z IN SOUTH JAKARTA

Premarital sexual relations have a negative impact on adolescents, namely the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, illegal abortions, and psychological trauma. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of educational videos in preventing premarital sexual behavior in generation Z. Researchers make educational videos and then measure their effect on increasing knowledge and attitudes. The research method is quasi-experimental. The population is grade 12 students at Vocational High School Al-Hidayah, South Jakarta. Samples were taken randomly. The intervention group was given educational video shows. The control group was given oral counseling. The result is that the educational video intervention affects increasing respondents' knowledge. As for the attitude has no effect. Educational videos need to be developed to increase the knowledge of teenagers as Generation Z who are very familiar with visual displays through cell phones that are used almost all the time by Generation Z.

Experience of obstetricians and gynecologists in the management of medicolegal cases in Egypt

BackgroundObstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) is concerned with both fetal and maternal wellbeing with doubled professional responsibilities. Also, OB/GYN specialists are engaged in management of medicolegal cases (MLC). This study had an in-depth look at handling of MLC by obstetricians and gynecologists in Egypt. Also, influence of religious and cultural norms on OB/GYN practice was investigated.MethodsA questionnaire was formulated in compliance with literature and modulated according to religious and cultural background.ResultsResponses were received from practitioners in 19 governorates. 28% of respondents were accused of malpractice. 87.3% of participants denoted increasing rate of litigations over last years. The commonest mentioned error is intra-operative problems (60%), whereas the commonest harm is neonatal deaths (46.7%). The mean participants' awareness score regarding elements of malpractice was 1.49 ± 0.76 (maximum possible score is 4). 18.7% of respondents managed cases of sexual assaults and premarital sexual relations. Hymen repair is not justified by 53.3% of participants. Termination of pregnancy before 16 weeks without medical indication is unaccepted by 96.7% of participants. The mean participants' awareness score regarding precautions of therapeutic abortion was 3.34 ± 1.63 (maximum possible score is 5).ConclusionsOB/GYN specialists are at high risk of accusation with inadequate measures to guard against malpractice claims in Egypt. High controversy among respondents regarding management of cases with premarital sexual acts and termination of pregnancy was elucidated.

Parents of Disability-Teenage Communication Forming Positive Attitudes about Sexuality

Parents with disabilities lack knowledge about reproductive health. Low knowledge affects the provision of information to adolescents. Unopen communication between parents and adolescents can give rise to a child's negative attitude toward sexuality. This study aims to determine the relationship between parents with blind disabilities and adolescents' attitudes toward premarital sexual relations. The cross-sectional study included 83 adolescents aged 14-19 from parents with disabilities in the Banda Aceh City area. The technique of sampling the total population according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The results showed a meaningful relationship between communication between parents with disabilities-adolescents and attitudes about premarital sexual relations (ρ=0.000). Parent-to-adolescent communication plays a role in shaping positive attitudes in adolescents about premarital sexual intercourse. It is hoped that parents with visual impairments will increase their knowledge about sexuality and explain what is known to adolescents openly.

The Weathersfield Affair

The Weathersfield Affair

The Magna Carta of Women as the Philippine Translation of the CEDAW: A Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis

ABSTRACT Republic Act 9710, or the Magna Carta of Women (MCW), is considered the Philippine version or national law translation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Using the concept of impact translation as a framework and the Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA) approach, this article examines the MCW and the minutes of committee meetings, particularly the bicameral conference committee meeting where lawmakers agreed on the finalized version of the bill. It applies the concept of gender relationality in examining how legislators negotiated the provisions of the MCW, particularly those on reproductive health and the definition of gender. The analysis shows that these provisions challenged Catholic doctrines specifically on gender, childbearing, and pre-marital sexual relations. It argues that the Catholic conception of gender norms and women’s role in society shaped the law’s final version, disregarding the CEDAW Committee recommendations on abortion. Findings suggest that the legislators’ fear that the law’s ratification would serve as an opening for the legalization of abortion led to a weakened version of the law, particularly the section on women’s reproductive health.

Risk Factors of Premarital Sex Among University Girl Students: A Qualitative Study

Background: In recent years, the median age of marriage has increased in Iran. Premarital sex has been socially, culturally, religiously, and legally banned in Iran. Changes in sexual and social criteria, as well as communications technology, have resulted in the alteration of traditional values. Also, free time and adventure-seeking behaviors have increased unhealthy and dangerous conducts, which could lead to the prevalence of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Hence, in-depth studies are required to determine the factors affecting premarital sexual relationships in young females. Objectives: This study investigated the challenges and facilitators of premarital sex among female university students in Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative study with a content analysis approach. The participants were 24 female university students in four universities of Fars province, who were selected through purposive sampling method, followed by the snowball sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The findings highlighted three main determinants of premarital sexual relationships among university students, including individual determinants, family environment, and community-related determinants. Conclusions: In individual determinants, policy makers and planners should improve individual skills such as self-control, resilience to peer pressure, and the skill of saying no, along with teaching self-knowledge. To control the effect of family environment, educating parents and promoting moderate behavior with their children can be effective. To reduce social pressure, programs should be considered for young girls to express themselves and their emotions. Moreover, some new policies are needed to reduce legal restrictions for unmarried females.

The Effectiveness of Psycho-Religious Based Sexuality Education Training Protocol on Reducing the Tendency toward Premarital Sexual Relationships

The world’s sensitivities about having Premarital Sexual (PMS) relationships, regardless of marriage, are changing. The lack of a coherent program in sex education has led to the establishment and formation of misconceptions and misinformation among adolescents. The purpose of this questionnaire-based study is to prepare a Comprehensive Sex Education (CSE) protocol for psycho-religious-based CSE and determine its effectiveness in reducing the tendency toward PMS. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample includes all 15 to 18-year-old girls in Mashhad who participated in this workshop voluntarily in 2019-2020. The participants were assigned randomly to either the test or control group (15 individuals per group). To collect data, the Premarital Relationship Attitude Questionnaire (PRAQ) (Mobredi et al., 2018) was used. The test group, along with regular medical care, received CSE for 9 weekly sessions of 100 minutes (5 hours per week) (from September up to the end of November 2019) in the private clinic of the psychology of Mashhad. The control group received only regular medical care in this period. Participants in both groups responded to the PRAQ before intervention (pretest) and immediately after the intervention (posttest). Results of analysis of covariance showed that after statistically controlling the effect of the pretest, a significant difference was found between the test and control group in terms of the PMS (P < 0.05). Moreover, the effectiveness of the variables of the method of obtaining information, the birth order, and the quality of family relationships on the tendency toward PMS was confirmed. These findings suggest that the use of psycho-religious-based CSE has reduced the tendency toward PMS in girls.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Threat Perception, and Practices toward HIV/AIDS among Youths in Iran: A Health Belief Model–Based Systematic Review

Context: About one third of all new HIV infections are estimated to occur among young people globally. In recent years, the increasing age of marriage in Iran has caused increasing risky behaviors in the young population. According to evidence, risk perception toward acquiring HIV is an important factor for risky behaviors. Objectives: This study was conducted to detect the concern toward HIV acquisition among Iranian youths. Evidence Acquisition: In this systematic review, the knowledge, attitudes, threat perception, and practices of youths toward HIV/AIDS were assessed through searching such databases as the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Quality assessment was done using STROBE and PRISMA-P checklists. A total of 1,036 articles were initially found, of which 28 articles were analyzed. Results: The youths’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS varied from low to moderate, their attitude was generally negative, perceived risk susceptibility was low, and risk perception ranged from 6.5 to 60%. Premarital sexual relationships were reported by 8 - 50% of the youths, while the rate of both condom use and consistent condom use was less than 50%. Conclusions: The current situation is worrisome and needs serious practical measurements. Therefore, urgent and multifactorial interventions such as establishment of youths’ sexual reproductive health services and its integration into the current primary health care system across the country are needed.

Perilaku Berisiko Terhadap Kesehatan Pada Mahasiswa IKM Angkatan 2018 Universitas Negeri Manado Tahun 2020

Students are part of youth who are full of curiosity, looking for identity, need direction to be independent. Some of the health problems that occur in adolescents are related to risky behavior, namely smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages, drug abuse, and having premarital sexual relations. This study aims to determine the description of risk behavior towards health among students of Public Health Sciences, Manado State University, batch 2018 which includes smoking behavior, pre-marital sex behavior, drinking alcoholic behavior and drug abuse behavior. This research is a quantitative research. This type of research is a survey with a descriptive approach that aims to provide an overview of risky behavior towards health. The population in this study were all students of the 2018 IKM UNIMA class. The sample in this study were 141 new students registered at IKM UNIMA 2018. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The risk behavior of students at IKM Unima Study Program related to smoking showed that there were 13 people (18.6%) who had smoked and 12 of them still smoked (92.3%). Premarital sex behavior of IKM Unima Study Program students was obtained in the form of dating behavior as much as 87.1% with dating activities generally 48.6% had kissed the cheek and there were 2.9% who claimed to have had sex. The alcohol consumption behavior of students of IKM Unima Study Program found that 41.4% had ever consumed alcohol. Drug abuse behavior of IKM Unima Study Program students was never found to have consumed drugs. The results of this study are expected to provide input regarding the description of risky behavior in adolescence and the problems that need to be addressed immediately, as well as provide input to the Public Health Science Study Program and the Health Office to develop appropriate health promotion strategies for adolescents.

Description of Resilience in Post-Married Adolescent Adolescent in Sidoarjo

Premarital sexual relations experienced by young women can have a negative psychological impact. To deal with these conditions, it takes skills to restore mental conditions to normal, such as having not been exposed to a problem called resilience. This study aims to determine the description of resilience and the factors that influence resilience in adolescents who have had premarital sex. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological type, using 1 female subject aged between 13 – 23 years who lives in the city of Sidoarjo. Determination of subjects using a non-random sampling technique with purposive sampling strategy, data collection methods in the form of interviews with one primary subject, 2 significant others, and rating scale. The results showed that there was a picture of resilience in adolescent girls who had experienced adversity due to premarital sex. The most dominant aspect is insight, and the aspect that does not appear is humor. As well as showing the factors that influence resilience in adolescent girls in the form of I Have, I Am, I Can.