Premarital Pregnancy Research Articles

Birth Order, Sex Composition and Risky Behaviour of Adolescent Girls in Nigeria

Sex and birth order of siblings are important determinants of an adolescent's risky behaviour and economic outcomes in later age. Both parental choices and peer-effect are the two possible mechanisms investigated in the literature. This paper studies the peer-effect to show how gender of preceding siblings shape risky sexual behavior of teen girls in Nigeria, a context characterized by age and gender based hierarchy. Using individual data from the DHS surveys it shows that women born in families with a male firstborn are significantly less likely to have a premarital teen pregnancy. Such reduction is assessed to be as high as 33% when compared to their counterparts in female firstborn families. Additionally, the effect of a male firstborn is a function of age difference and his survival status, as well as the presence of the father in the household. The study underlines how gender roles and the birth order of siblings affect adolescents' risky behaviour.

An Exploratory Study to Assess the Reproductive Sexual Health Behaviour and its Relationship with Academic Performance among Adolescent Students in the Selected School of Manipur

Introduction: Adolescence is a period when the individual is vulnerable and exposure to sexually implicit/ explicit programs on television and internet can influence their sexual behaviour and make them more permissive towards premarital sex, which is known to influence their academic performance. Keeping this in view, an exploratory study was done to assess the reproductive sexual health behaviour and its relationship with academic performance among adolescent students in the selected school of Manipur. The main objectives of the study were to identify sexual health behaviour among adolescent students, to study the factors responsible for the development of risky sexual health behaviour among adolescent students, to assess the academic performance of the adolescent students and to establish relationship between risky sexual health behaviour and academic performance. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya located in Chandel District of Manipur State. A quantitative research approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study. A non-probability sampling method was adopted and a convenience sampling technique was employed for the study. Data was collected via structured questionnaire from 100 students belonging to the age group of 16-18 years studying in 11th and 12th class. Results: 75 per cent of adolescent students were found to be in romantic relationship, 25 per cent of the students reported to have dropped out from school due to unplanned/ premarital pregnancy, 12 per cent of the students reported having indulged in sexual intercourse and these same students used condoms as a protective measure during the intercourse and 50 per cent of the students reported having watched porn. There was significant relationship between reproductive sexual heath behaviour and academic performance among adolescent students. Conclusion: Sexual health education helps students protect their sexual health and avoid these negative outcomes. By providing sexual health education programs, schools can support student health and foster their academic achievement.

Regaining agency and autonomy: A grounded typology of concealed pregnancy.

To explore and understand the experience of concealed pregnancy and develop a framework for practitioners. Numerous cases of concealed pregnancy resulting in serious outcomes including maternal and perinatal death, newborn abandonment, and neonaticide are reported internationally. Historically concealed pregnancy is associated with oppressive religious cultures where premarital pregnancy was shunned. Concealed pregnancy has traditionally been viewed through a biomedical lens and associated with mental illness but this assertion remains unsubstantiated by robust evidence. A Glaserian grounded theory study was undertaken. Thirty women were interviewed, between 2014 - 2016, on up to three occasions (46 interviews) and 22 cases of public interest were included as data. The constant comparative method and theoretical sampling which are the analytical strategies of grounded theory were used to analyse the data and generate the typology. Concealed pregnancy is a fearful, life-altering, and traumatic experience. Women with a history of controlling and oppressive relationships characterized by fear respond to a crisis pregnancy by keeping it secret. Many women's relationships were characterized by emotional, mental, sexual, or physical violence. Fear for one's survival is common, may render women unable to access care or support and can be so extreme that a woman may end her own life or give birth alone. This typology of concealed pregnancy is intended to aid understanding the fear, trauma, and complexities associated with concealed pregnancy which is vital if practitioners are to provide sensitive, responsive and non-judgemental care.

When abortion is not within reach: Ethiopian university students struggling with unintended pregnancies

BackgroundIn spite of increasing international commitment to young people’s sexual and reproductive health, unintended pregnancies remain a major problem for young women worldwide. This article explores the issue of unintended pregnancies among Ethiopian university students and investigates narratives of students who carried their pregnancy to term. Ethiopia’s relatively permissive abortion law forms part of the backdrop for the exploration. We also consider how socio-cultural and religious norms surrounding female premarital sex/pregnancy, and gendered and urban-rural inequities, play a role in how students handle the challenge.MethodsThe article is based on research conducted among students at Addis Ababa, Jimma and Mekelle Universities in Ethiopia between September 2016 and June 2017. Drawing on an interpretative, phenomenological approach to science and employing a qualitative methodology, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with 53 students and 24 selected staff at the three universities, and held two focus group discussions with students at Addis Ababa University.ResultsThe study findings show three possible scenarios for how students can deal with an unwanted pregnancy. The first is to have the pregnancy terminated secretly, and thereby avoid the stigma linked to premarital pregnancy. The second is to make a deliberate decision to keep the pregnancy and face the consequences to come. The third scenario is found in cases where the student seems paralyzed by feelings of shame, and where she ends up keeping the pregnancy due to her inability to act.Students who end up carrying their pregnancy to term face many problems. Few support structures at the university are in place to cater for their needs. Moreover, family support is endangered by pregnancy, as it puts the student at risk of being ostracized from her family due to the shame she has imposed on them. Shame and silence are thus important social forces in these students’ lives, underpinned by gendered inequities and patriarchal norms.ConclusionsAlong with rural-urban and gendered inequities, the article demonstrates how a shame-silence nexus forcefully operates in the lives of female students struggling with reproductive challenges, and the serious consequences a pregnancy may have for those who carry it to term.

Male Experience and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Premarital Pregnancy: Based on a Nationwide Population-Based Survey Among Urban and Rural Chinese Youths.

Little is known about the male experience of premarital pregnancy (MEPP) and the sociodemographic characteristics of unmarried male youths involved in pregnancy. This study estimates the prevalence of MEPP and identifies the sociodemographic factors associated with it among Chinese unmarried youths aged 15–24 years, using data from the Survey of Youth Access to Reproductive Health in China. Descriptive analyses and χ2 tests were applied to explore the number and prevalence of MEPP, and logistic regressions were used to identify the associated factors. As a result, among 2,853 sexually experienced male youths, 597 individuals reported 852 partner pregnancies caused by them during their lifetime, with a weighted prevalence rate of 20.87% (95% CI [18.85%, 22.88%]). Among these pregnancies, 78.05% ended in induced abortion. Factors like living with only the father (OR: 4.16, 95% CI [2.22, 7.8]) and the low level of education of the father (junior high school or below, OR: 1.60, 95% CI [1.04, 2.46]) were associated with MEPP among unmarried male youth. Furthermore, there is a marked difference between the rural and urban youth in factors associated with MEPP. The findings in this study highlight the importance of and need for strategies and interventions targeting male youths, in order to improve sexual education and reproductive services.

Strategic Exploration on the Popularization of Sexual Science Knowledge among Normal Students under the Opening-Up Background

Through the development of interdisciplinary public elective courses of sexuality in the whole school, systematic education of sexology knowledge is carried out for normal students, so that normal students can understand the sexual knowledge of male and female students, such as reproductive structure, function, reproductive health care, sex and sexual psychology, so as to reduce the premarital sexual behavior of normal students, avoid premarital pregnancy, reduce the incidence of reproductive tract infection and sexually transmitted diseases, improve the ability of self-protection of normal students, cultivate good sexual psychology of normal students, and promote the physical and mental health of normal students.

Self Control and Religiosity Towards Free Sex Behavior Adolescent in Surabaya

Background: Adolescent free sex and the incidence of premarital pregnancy from year to year are increasing. The causes include lack of implementation of consequent religion, lack of supervision of adolescents, lack of moral understanding in adolescent relationships and the influence of external cultural norms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Self Control and Religiosity on adolescent free sex. Method: This study used Analitic Design with Cross Sectional approach. The sample in this study were some teenagers in Kawung I Middle School and Surabaya MTsN I, the sample size is 260 students, with the Propotional Stratifield Sampling technique. Data collection instrument using questionnaire, the independent variable is Self control and Religiosity, the dependent variable is free sex, with the analysis of Linear Regression test. Results: Self control affects the knowledge of young women about free sex, the value of p = 006, affects the attitude with a value of p = 0.007 and influences the practice of adolescent free sex, with a value of p = 0.011. Religiosity affects the knowledge of young women about free sex, the value of p = 001, influences attitudes with p = 0,000 and influences the practice of adolescent free sex. with a value of p = 0.019 Conclusion: Self control and Religiosity significantly influence adolescent free sex. The higher the level of self control and religiosity, then adolescent free sex become more lower.
 Keywords: self control, religiosity, free sex

Order matters: The effect of premarital pregnancy on second childbearing in Japan

Although nonmarital childbearing is uncommon in Japan, in contrast to the trends observed in other countries, the number of premarital pregnancies has increased. While prior studies have examined the determinants of premarital pregnancy, little is known ab

Parental perception of girl-child early marriage amongst the Urhobos in Nigeria

Background: This study was on the parental perception of early marriage amongst the Urhobos in the Central District of Delta State. World Health Organization (2013) defined early marriage, or child marriage, as the marriage or union between two people in which one or both parties are younger than 18 years of age. The aims of this research were to assess the parents on four themes including concept of early marriage as well as perceptions on causes, consequences and strategies to mitigate the problems.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey adopted questionnaire that comprised 4-themes and a critical review. A total 360 out of 384 samples were drawn from 8-communities within the local governments in the Central senatorial district of Delta State. The percentages of responses from the respondents categorized on the Likert scale groups were determined.Results: The analysis shows disagreements among respondents’ perception. 60% are yet to acknowledge gender discrimination in the underlying practice of early marriage. 77% admitted that ignorance is a factor. There is also some strong agreement that early marriage was due to unexpected pregnancy. A total of 62.5% of respondents admitted that their daughter married the boys who impregnated them, and all the girls were forced into it by their parents.Conclusions: The observation lies credence that unexpected pregnancy is the highest cause of early marriage. It is hereby inferred that there appear to be ignorance leading parents to force their girls into early marriage because of premarital pregnancy.

Determinants of adolescent pregnancy and access to reproductive and sexual health services for married and unmarried adolescents in rural Lao PDR: a qualitative study

BackgroundEarly marriage and pregnancy is a risk factor for poor maternal and child health and socio-economic outcomes. Bokeo and Luang Namtha provinces in northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) has high rates of teenage pregnancy. The purpose of this research was firstly to explore factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in rural Lao. Secondly, to understand the specific challenges adolescent mothers face in accessing maternal health services.MethodsQualitative interviews were undertaken with adolescent mothers and unmarried adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, living in rural areas, and from different ethnic groups. In total, we undertook six focus group discussions with adolescents aged 13–19 years, twenty in-depth interviews with unmarried/married adolescents aged 12–19 years. In addition, we interviewed husbands of the adolescent mothers (N = 8) and mothers-in-law of both male and female adolescents (N = 9), community leaders and healthcare providers (health providers N = 17 and community leaders N = 12). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, based on a conceptual framework identified at the outset of the study.ResultsThe findings suggest that pre-marital sex, early marriage and pregnancy are the norm in these settings. Determinants of teenage pregnancy included liberal attitudes to teen pre-marital sexual intercourse, early marriage and pregnancy, incomplete knowledge of sexual and reproductive health and limited access to appropriate services.ConclusionThe determinants of teenage pregnancy in this setting are multi-dimensional, and require a range of responses. As some of the determinants are deeply embedded in the system of local values, beliefs and practices, and form part of the logic of what it is to become a healthy woman, these practices are deeply entrenched and may be resistant to new knowledge. The challenge therefore is to find culturally responsive strategies that enable individual and collectively agency.

Association between induced abortion and suicidal ideation among unmarried female migrant workers in three metropolitan cities in China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDespite reports of mental health issues, suicidality has not been closely examined among the migrant population. The association between induced abortion and suicidal ideation is unknown among unmarried female migrant workers of reproductive age in China. This study aims to examine induced abortion and suicidality among the Chinese migrant population.MethodsWe recruited 5115 unmarried female migrant workers during 2015 to 2016 from Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou, and collected demographic, psychosocial, reproductive and mental health information using structured questionnaires. We used logistic regression models to examine the association between lifetime induced abortion and suicidal ideation during the past year among the subjects.ResultsOverall, 8.2% of the subjects had suicidal ideation during the past year, and 15.5% of the subjects experienced induced abortion. Induced abortion was associated with nearly twice the odds of having past-year suicidal ideation (Odds ratio, OR = 1.89; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.46, 2.44) after adjusting for age, education, years in the working place, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, daily internet use, attitude towards premarital pregnancy, multiple induced abortion, self-esteem, loneliness, depression, and anxiety disorders. The association was stronger in those aged > 25 (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 2.16, 5.28), with > 5 years of stay in the working place (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 2.02, 4.39), the non-anxiety group (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.74, 3.00), and the non-depression group (OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 2.08, 4.15).ConclusionsInduced abortion was associated with increased odds for suicidal ideation among the unmarried female migrant workers in urban cities in China. More attention should be paid to the mental health of the population.

Pendidikan pranikah terhadap kesiapan menghadapi kehamilan pertama pada calon pengantin putri

Abstract: Pregnancy is the first phase of the reproductive cycle that needsto be prepared by the bride. At the time of pregnancy occurs share thechanges that will affect the physical and psychological condition of women.Objective: to determine the effect of premarital education preparednessfirst pregnancy at bride in KUA Region Bantul, Yogyakarta in 2014.Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires pre and posttest to43 bride chosen by accidental in September 2014. Analysis data by pairedt test. Results: show after educational intervention premarital decrease ofrespondents who are not ready to face the first pregnancy of 57.5% downto 39.5%. Premarital education affect the first pregnancy preparedness onthe bride at KUA Bantul district of Yogyakarta in 2014 (p value = 0.000).Suggestion: to KUA Bantul district is expected to cooperate with the localhealth center to revive the course program bride.

FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN ABORTUS DI RSUD DR. CHASAN BOESOIRIE TERNATE PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA: FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN ABORTUS DI RSUD DR. CHASAN BOESOIRIE TERNATE PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

: This study aims to determine the risks of pregnancy outside marriage, contraception failure, socioeconomic status, history of abortion, and parity on the incidence of abortion in Hospital Dr.Chasan Boesoirie Ternate. The study design was a "Case Control Study", with oservasi unit consisting of a group of cases and controls.Sample size of 158 people that is the case group and the control group of 79 respondents 79 respondents were taken by purposive sampling.Data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate odds ratio test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The results showed that the risk variabels on the incidence of abortion, namely: contraceptive failure OR = 3.57 (95% CI: 1,746 to7.307 ; p = 0.001), socioeconomic status OR =3.22, 95% CI:1.573 to2.249 ; p = 0.002), history OR = 2.60 (95% CI: 1.355 to 4.993 ; p = 0.006) and parity OR = 2.98 (95% CI: 1,502 to 5.933 ; p = 0.003). While the non-risk variabels on the incidence of abortion is pre-marital pregnancy OR = 1.43 (95% CI:0.437 to4.742 ; p=0,764).

Understanding premarital pregnancies among adolescents and young women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

In developing countries, young women between 15 and 24 years of age account for more than 40% of unsafe abortions due to the high number of unwanted and/or out-of-wedlock pregnancies. However, much about the profile of adolescents and young women who usually experience premarital pregnancies remains unknown. This study sought to understand the risk of pregnancy before marriage among adolescents and young women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. By using longitudinal data from a demographic surveillance system, we tested the explanatory power of two theoretical assumptions on premarital childbearing in sub-Saharan Africa, which assumptions are the cultural inheritance model and the social capital model. The results confirmed the explanatory power of the cultural inheritance model on the one hand and partially confirmed the power of the social capital model on the other hand. These results highlight the need for a multipronged approach to sexual and reproductive health for young people. Efforts against premarital pregnancies among adolescents and young women would be more effective if they were based on participatory approaches, incorporating actions at both community and institutional levels, as suggested by the recent Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents logical framework.

إعداد شخصية الشباب المسلم لمواجهة مشاكل الجنسية في ضوء القرآن الكريم والأحاديث المختارة <br> PREPARATION OF MUSLIM YOUTH IN FACING SEXUAL ISSUES IN THE LIGHT OF AL-QUR’AN & SELECTED HADITH

Pre-marital pregnancy, fornication, and free mixing between different genders are among the problems faced by Muslim youth nowadays. This paper aims to discuss the personality preparation guidelines in facing sexual activities based on the Story of Prophet Yusuf in al-Qur’an al-Karim as well as selected prophet’s narration in Hadith. The descriptive analysis shows that Qur’an and selected Hadith prepare four dimensions of guidelines which are: spiritual strength, mental strength, emotional strength as well as physical strength. The findings reveal that in terms of spirituality aspect, Muslim youth should be fully conscious of the existence of Allah and think of the bounty divine given by Allah. In terms of mental strength, Muslim youth must have positive thinking and consider the long term effects in this world and next before engaging themselves in the negative activities. Pertaining to emotional strength, Muslim youth should control their anger, and pertaining to physical strength, they need to keep their body healthy. Keywords: Hadith, Muslim youth, personality, prophet Yusuf, sexual issues.Cite as: Ahmad, S.H., Ali, N.B., & Ramli, A. (2017). Preparation of Muslim youth in facing sexual issues in the light of al-Qur’an & selected hadith. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 122-133.

Family Based Premarital Teenager Education in Islamic Education Perspective in Kaili Community in Palu

The widespread of premarital pregnancy is caused by rampant promiscuity among female teenagers. The promiscuity occurs due to lack parents’ supervision. Female teenagers often break religious, ethical, moral and customary norms. Therefore, it is important to provide teenagers with pre-marriage education materials. Islam teaches its adherents not to be in hurry in everything except in five things: burial of corpse, paying debts, serving travelers, repenting, and marrying. This study attempts to examine family-based premarital sex education in Islamic education perspectives in the Kaili community in the Palu Valley. The researcher used a quantitative-descriptive approach to see the relationship of research variables. The results show that, the majority of housewife knowledge about premarital education is very low. This certainly affect the lack of premarital sex education of their young daughters. Low knowledge of housewives and young female regarding premarital sex education because families do not teach and socialize moral, ethical, and ethical values effectively in their communities.

Predictors of Risky Sex Behavior among Adolescents in a Traditional Indian Society: Implications for Program Intervention Strategies

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the risk behavior and its effect on involvement in sex among school-going adolescents as a part of assessing implementation of Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health Scheme (ARSH) in a state of India. Methods: The sample covered 3069 randomly selected adolescents (students) from 9 th to 12 th standard in various government, private and missionary-run schools from two districts, namely, Aizawl and Champhai in the state of Mizoram. Results: It was found that more than one-third of adolescents (37%) accepted taking alcohol and 72% of adolescents accepted seeing pornographic movies. Nearly 23% respondents were aware about premarital pregnancy among friends and 7.5% were aware about complication due to unsafe abortion among them. About 10% accepted involvement in premarital sex and majority of them (70%) had premarital sex between age group 15 and 19 years and 54% never used condom. Influence of peer group who were taking alcohol, tobacco and drug and exposure to erotic materials was found to be the major risk factors for indulgence in unsafe sex practices among adolescents. Conclusion: Better awareness and counseling against tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse, and pornographic literature among adolescents is needed through school health education.

Trends and Determinants of Premarital Conception: Love in Korea

Despite the heightened interest in human reproduction and the significant implications of premarital pregnancy for children’s health, strikingly little research has paid attention to the determinants or premarital pregnancy compared with more conventional fertility behavior. To fill this gap in the literature, this study drew data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (N = 4333) and estimated discrete‐time event history models using multinomial logistic regressions. Results from descriptive analyses indicate that the share of premarital pregnancy among all births registered increased roughly two and a half times between 1997 and 2014. Also, while premarital conception increased in women at all educational levels, high school graduates and those with less than an elementary school education showed the largest increase in the share of premarital pregnancy. The results from multivariate models suggest that the characteristics of the women’s family of origin, such as being the firstborn child, the mother’s education, their living arrangements during adolescence, and their region of residence have enduring effects on both premarital and post‐martial pregnancy. Women’s achieved socioeconomic status, however, showed a weaker effect on the odds of premarital pregnancy than expected. The predicted probabilities of premarital pregnancy by age at first marriage across birth cohorts born between the 1940s and 1970s suggest that premarital pregnancy is particularly pronounced among women who marry in their early twenties. Moreover, at a given age at first marriage, the predicted probability of premarital pregnancy monotonically increases in more recent birth cohorts, suggesting that bridal pregnancy is increasingly prevalent among modern Korean women.

Examination of youth sexual and reproductive health transitions in Nigeria and Kenya using longitudinal data

BackgroundThe adolescent (ages 15–19) and young adult (ages 20–24) years are a crucial time as many sexual and reproductive health (SRH) transitions take place in these years. The study of youth SRH transitions in sub-Saharan Africa is limited due to a paucity of longitudinal data needed to examine the timing and circumstances of these transitions.MethodsThis paper uses recently collected longitudinal data from select urban areas in Kenya and Nigeria that include a large youth sample at baseline (2010/2011) and endline (2014). We control for unobserved heterogeneity in our modelling approach to correct for selectivity issues that are often ignored in similar types of analyses.ResultsWe demonstrate that the transition patterns (i.e., sexual initiation, first marriage, and first pregnancy/birth) differ within and across the urban areas and countries studied. Urban Kenyan youth have more premarital sex and pregnancy than youth from the Nigerian cities. Further analyses demonstrate that more educated and wealthier youth transition later than their less educated and poorer counterparts.ConclusionsThe findings from this study can be used to inform programs seeking to serve young people based on their varying reproductive health needs in different contexts over the adolescent and young adult years.

Courtship and Bridal Pregnancy in The Netherlands, 1870-1950

Bien que mal perçues, les grossesses prénuptiales étaient un phénomène courant au début du xx e siècle, aux Pays-Bas, comme dans beaucoup d’autres pays européens. Leur nombre diffère cependant, tant régionalement que socialement, sans qu’il n’existe d’explication claire à ces variations. La sexualité avant le mariage était risquée au regard des méthodes contraceptives alors utilisées. Qui a pris ces risques et dans quelles circonstances ? Qu’est-ce qui, dans l’environnement des couples non mariés, les a « autorisé » ou « empêché » d’avoir des relations sexuelles ? Quel rôle joue l’environnement de ces adolescents ? Quel est le rôle de leurs pairs, de leurs parents, de leur église ? Dans cet article, nous utilisons une base de données de presque dix mille mariages féconds (contractés entre 1870 et 1950) comprenant des informations détaillées sur les antécédents familiaux des époux. Nous avons également combiné cette base de données à un questionnaire sur les coutumes locales du début du xx e siècle, ce qui a permis d’effectuer une analyse multiniveau sur la probabilité de la survenue d’une grossesse prémaritale en fonction (simultanément) de la classe sociale, de la religion, de la composition de la famille et des caractéristiques des couples eux-mêmes (niveau d’homogamie). L’analyse est centrée sur les normes communales du calendrier de séduction (à quel moment débute-t-il ?) mais surtout sur les pratiques locales concernant le chaperonnage de ces rencontres amoureuses. Nos résultats confirment des constats antérieurs selon lesquelles les grossesses prénuptiales aux Pays-Bas étaient particulièrement nombreuses dans les groupes prolétaires et protestants. Nous trouvons des preuves de la tolérance des parents à l’égard des pulsions sexuelles des jeunes couples (endogames) qui ne représentaient aucune menace pour la transmission des biens envisagée. Mais il existe également des preuves d’anticipation délibérée des mariages (la grossesse étant utilisée comme levier) pour gagner son indépendance. Les coutumes de séduction locales et régionales ne semblent, en revanche, pas fortement associées à des niveaux élevés ou faibles de grossesses nuptiales