Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation Research Articles

Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of root of Coptis teeta Wall.

Coptis teeta Wall. (Family: Ranunculaceae) is a a small perennial herb also known as golden thread herb, Mamira and Mishmi. It is used in the treatment of ailments in traditional Systems of Medicine i.e., Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Chinese system of medicine. The aim of the studies was Morphoanatomical, powder analysis, and preliminary Phytochemical evaluation of the root of Coptis teeta Wall. Anatomical, powder microscopical studies and Physicochemical evaluation were carried out according to the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Powder analysis histochemical test and preliminary phytochemical screening were carried out as per standard protocol. Microscopic studies of the root of Coptis teeta Showing Bark consists of periderm, secondary cortex, phloem or bast cells; Periderm consists of phellem, phellogen , phelloderm; Secondary cortex shows outer and inner cortex, Secondary phloem cells; Xylem cells consists of xylem vessels and tracheid and . pith (pi) at the middle of the root. Physicochemical studies showed total ash (3.69%), acid-insoluble ash (0.782%), alcohol-soluble extractive values (17.963 %), and water-soluble extractive values (32.344 %). Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of carbohydrates, protein, glycosides, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. Pharmacognostic characters and a physicochemical parameter can be used as standards for the authentication of plants and detection of adulteration.

Standardization and Phytochemical screening of Abutilon crispum

The main objective of the research is to recognize, validate and also to avoid the adulteration of plant Abutilon crispum. The correct identification of the plant Abutilon crispum was possible because of preliminary phytochemical screening, extraction by maceration and standardization. Preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC studies were carried out by standard methods with extracts such as chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. While standardization comprises the evaluation of parameters like pH range, water-soluble ash, loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, sulfated ash, ethanol-extractable parameters. The following values are found to be the results of the above testsi.e, loss on drying and total ash values are 7.2±0.22 and 6.32±0.04 correspondingly, water soluble ash was 1.33±0.05. Preliminary phytochemical evaluation for these extracts discovered the occurrence of flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides and alkaloids in this plant. In methanol extract also major components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides were found. The thin layer chromatography examination of Abutilon crispum displayed the occurrence of steroids with0.76 and 0.52 Rf values in diverse solvent systems. TLC investigation of extract of ethyl acetate exhibited Rf values 0.74 and 0.81 due to occurrence of flavonoids with in dissimilar solvent systems similarly. The evidence found from contemporary study deliver valuable data that will be supportive in identifying and to perform upcoming research in future.

Phytochemical Composition and Toxicological Profiling of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Root Extract in Rats

Background: Curcuma longa Linn (turmeric) is a common medicinal plant used in Africa for the treatment of diseases. In this study, its extract was evaluated to ascertain its phytochemical composition and toxicity in wistar rats.
 Methods: The prepared rhizome ethanol extract was first subjected to preliminary phytochemical evaluation and then lethal dose (LD50) test. In the sub-acute toxicity test, 20 adult wistar rats assigned to 4 groups of 5 rats each were administered oral graded doses of the extract. Group 1 served as control while groups 2, 3 and 4 received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract over a period of 28 days, after which blood samples were collected for haematological and serum biochemical analyses.
 Results: Results obtained from the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids in extract, with alkaloids being most abundant (41.20+0.53 mg/100g) and terpenoids, the least (3.98+0.03 mg/100g). Lethal dose value for the extract was found to be >5000mg/kg body weight. Results of sub-acute toxicity evaluation of the extract showed no deleterious effect on liver and kidney function parameters with these parameters being not significantly different from their control values (p<0.05). Treatment with the extract also caused significant hypolipidemia (p<0.05) but increased the values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and red blood cell counts were also significantly increased following treatment with the extract, especially at higher dose levels.
 Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that C. longa extract may be safe for use in the treatment of diseases when administered via the oral route.

Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Emblica officinalis and quantification of gallic acid by HPTLC

Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Emblica officinalis and quantification of gallic acid by HPTLC

Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of novel antidiabetic polyherbal formulation

Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of novel antidiabetic polyherbal formulation

Isolation and identification of flavonoids compounds and formulation of tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. Herbal ointment

Every medicinal plant contains some therapeutically active compounds which are used as therapeutic agents in case of various diseases. Tecoma undulate (Sm.) seem was reported with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, it contains high flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The aim and Objective behind this research study is to carry out Preliminary Phytochemical evaluation of extracted fraction outcome undulata (Sm.) seem. and its formulation. Soxhlet and maceration methods were used for extraction, and then the extracts were analysed for their potential levels of several therapeutically active phytochemicals in a preliminary phytochemical evaluation. Hydroalcoholic extract of Tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. was used to create a 5% and 10% w/w ointment, and testing of both was performed. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of extract that presence of some medicinally active phytochemicals such as Alkaloids, Flavonoids, etc. Tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. Thin-layer chromatography was used to isolate and purify the extract before UV-Spectroscopy was used to analyse it. The functional group determined by IR spectrophotometry, interpretation of data showed that chloroform and Hydroalcoholic extract contain functional group like ketone, alcohol and carboxylic acid. Also, IR interpretation suggests that the plant contains flavone and flavanone as active flavonoids. The extractive values for Chloroform, Hydroalcoholic and Water extracts were found to be 7.2, 9.5 and 8.7 respectively and hydroalcoholic extract were used for formulation of ointment as an API. So as per presence of many active principles, Tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. may contain good therapeutic efficacy and may be used for the treatment of many disorders. Since Tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. Contains numerous active components, it shows potential as a therapeutic agent for a wide range of disorders.

In-vitro Anthelmintic Potential of Leaf Extracts of Amaranthus tricolor Linn.

The present study was designed to investigate the anthelmintic potential of Amaranthus tricolor Linn plant of the Amaranthaceae family using acetone, ethyl acetate and ethanol as solvents. The extracts were screened for phytochemical constituents and evaluated for their vermicidal activity against adult Eisenia fetida earthworms. All the extracts contained phytochemicals, but comparatively. The acetone extract showed the presence of most of the phytochemicals, while ethanol extract contained fewer phytochemicals. Various concentrations (10–30 mg/mL) of each extract were studied in the bioassay, observing the time of paralysis and death of the earthworms. Albendazole was used as reference standard and normal saline as a control group. All extracts exhibited dose-dependent anthelmintic activity in both the parameters (paralysis and death) and were showing more potency than the standard drug. The acetone extract (30 mg/mL) exhibited the most promising activity, causing paralysis within 5 minutes and death of worms within 13 minutes. The result suggests that the acetone extract of A. tricolor Linn plant may be useful as an anthelmintic. In the present study, the traditional use of this leafy vegetable as vermicides was proved scientifically and suggests that A. tricolor Linn plant leaves are valuable source of active compounds possessing anthelmintic activity. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation suggests the strong presence of glycosidic and phenolic substances in acetone extract may be responsible for its exceptional vermicidal activity. A further investigation is sought to isolate and develop novel anthelmintic drug present in the plant. The data were verified as statistically significant using one-way ANOVA at 5 % significance level (p < 0.05, n = 3).

Preliminary Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Rudbeckia hirta Flowers.

Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.), a flowering plant with various traditional medicinal uses, has recently garnered interest for its therapeutic properties. However, little is known about the potential therapeutic activities of the plant species. The current study focused on conducting a comprehensive investigation into the chemical composition and bioactivity of black-eyed Susan cultivated in Romania. Untargeted metabolite profiling and UHPLC-HR-MS phytochemical analysis of the studied extract revealed the presence of more than 250 compounds pertaining to different classes, including sesquiterpene lactones, polyphenolic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, and fatty acids. The tested extract exhibited inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria and showed promising antifungal activity. It also demonstrated potent antioxidant properties through iron chelation and 15-LOX inhibition capacities, as well as inhibition of cell growth, particularly on the MCF-7 cell line, suggesting potential anticancer effects. Therefore, current research provides valuable information on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor potential of Rudbeckia hirta flowers. Implicitly, the discovery of such a wide range of biosubstances, together with the biological activity observed for the studied extract in these preliminary in vitro studies, paves the way for future investigation of the potential application of the plant in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors.

Preliminary phytochemical analysis, formulation and evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the formulated gel obtained from an Ethanolic leaves extract of Lour

Infectious microbes like bacteria, viruses, or fungi commonly cause inflammation when they enter the body, live in certain tissues or circulate in the circulation. For long years ago, natural sources have been used for the treatment of various diseases. In this way, belonging to the family Lamiaceae was found to be having various pharmacological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, larvicidal and cardiovascular activities. The objective of the study is to formulate and evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the topical gel using an Ethanolic leaves extract of The formulated gel F3 showed better spreadability with a net content of 99 % and a drug release of 94.84 %. The anti-inflammatory potential of the formulation F3 was evaluated using the inhibition of albumin denaturation assay and Human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay. The formulated gel and standard exhibited 45.86-82.32 % and 55.25-88.07 % of inhibition at the concentration of 50-250 µg/ml, respectively at albumin denaturation assay and 25.35-75.49 % and 30.70-87.18 % of inhibition at 50-250 µg/ml concentration, respectively. Thus, the formulated topical gel using an Ethanolic leaves extract of was found to be possessing potent anti-inflammatory activity.

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential of Anisomeles indica Kuntze and exploration of its bioactive phytoconstituents

Introduction and Aim: Anisomeles indica Kuntze (A. indica) is employed to treat a wide range of illnesses. The Present study was aimed at establishing preliminary phytochemical screening, UV-Visible spectrophotometric, FT-IR analysis, and evaluation of biological activities of A. indica extracts.
 
 Materials and Methods: A. indica leaves were employed for the Soxhlet extraction. Furthermore, the crude extracts were utilized for phytochemical analysis and quantitative estimations of phenolics and flavonoids. UV-Vis spectrophotometric, and FT-IR analysis provided further evidence for the existence of bioactive constituents in A. indica extracts. The A. indica extracts were assessed for antioxidant potential by DPPH and metal chelation activity.
 
 Results: The findings illustrated that A. indica methanol extract was found to possess the highest yield. The preliminary phytochemical screening, UV-Vis spectrophotometric, and FT-IR fingerprint analysis provided evidence for the existence of significant bioactive constituents. A.indica methanol extract has significant total phenol, flavonoid content, and TAC (total antioxidant capacity) among all extracts. These characteristics are attributed to substantial antioxidant activity and metal-chelating activity.
 
 Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that A. indica extract possess antioxidant activity as evaluated by the potential DPPH radical scavenging and chelate metal ions. These characteristics are interconnected to the high flavonoid and phenol content, and distinctive secondary metabolites. The finding indicates that A.indica is abundant in active phytoconstituents, which also offer a vital source for effective therapeutic management.

Preliminary Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Plumeria Obtuse Seed Pods

Plumeria obtuse L. (Apocynaceae) is an ornate outdoor plant. The plant was traditionally used during accidentalinjuries. However, the pharmacognosy of this plant is very poorly explored. Therefore, we have conducted this study to assess the distinctive qualities of the P. obtusa. To investigate P. obtusa seed pods’ preliminary pharmacognostic, physical-chemical, phytochemical, microscopic, and phytoconstituent potential. Initially, the shape and microscopic characteristics of plant seed pods were assessed. Physicochemical analysis was used for the standardization. Utilizing several chemical techniques, phytoconstituents were evaluated qualitatively. This was followed by quantitative estimation and analytical profiling of various phytoconstituents. The basic characteristics of the seed pod have been documented by macroscopy to be its brown color, sweet aroma, bitter flavor, coarse texture, and rough fracture. Microscopy showed the existence of vascular bundles, lignified fibers, calcium oxalate crystals and arteries. The results of the physicochemical analysis revealed no foreign organic matter, 2.8 % weight-average moisture content and a high total ash value of 14.80 compared to an acid insoluble ash value of 0.70, which indicated that there was less inorganic matter in the plant. The extractive values were 3.93, 6.03 and 10.16 % w/w for water soluble, alcohol soluble and hydro-alcoholic soluble extracts respectively. Flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic constituents, tannins and carbohydrates were found during early phytochemical analysis. Instrumental analysis has given an idea about functional groups present whereas GCMS technique helped in identification of phytoconstituents. The results of this study can be significantly used as a reference support for quality control and standardization of P. obtusa and preparation of a monograph of plant.

A Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of Abhavitha and Bhavitha Choorna of the whole plant of Centella asiatica Linn. Urban

The drug Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica Linn. Urban) has been extensively used as medicine and also used for in homely preparations. In Ayurveda, Bhavana is a principal samskara (pharmaceutical procedure) being used to potentiate the drug and induce additional therapeutic properties in it. This process was carried out in the powdered whole plant (abhavitha choorna) of Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica Linn.Urban), by soaking it overnight into its own swarasa (fresh juice). The preliminary phytochemical evaluation of abhavitha choorna and bhavitha choorna (processed powder) of Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica Linn.Urban) was done and the water insoluble ash, tannin, extractive values and successive solvent extractive values were found more in bhavitha choorna when compared to abhavitha choorna of the drug, which revealed that the bhavana process can increase the potency and efficacy of the drug. The aim of present study is to compare the findings of phytochemical analysis of the both abhavitha and bhavitha choorna of the drug.

Phytochemical Evaluation of Different Plant Sources of Vaasa (Adhatoda Species)

Introduction: Vaasa, a valuable medicinal plant widely used in Ayurvedic medicine, has experienced growing demand, resulting in the availability of both wild and cultivated sources. Experts have identified morphotypes of Adhatoda species in Kerala, indicating variations in active constituents and clinical efficacy. This study specifically focused on assessing physicochemical parameters and phytochemical constituents of different sources of Vaasa. Materials and Methods: The parameters such as foreign matter, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, moisture content, volatile oil content, fiber content, tannin content, sugar content, phenol content, pH, qualitative analysis of ash, extractive values, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenols, carbohydrates, and proteins were estimated in different sources of Vaasa (Adhatoda species): A1 (Valiya adalodakam), A2 (Cheriya adalodakam), A3 (Adhatoda species - Vasika), A4 (Adhatoda species - Ajagandhi), and A5 (Adhatoda beddomei C B Clarke). Results and Discussion: The results revealed comparable physicochemical parameters between sample A1 and Adhatoda vasica Nees, as well as between sample A5 and Adhatoda beddomei C B Clarke, as documented in authentic texts and research articles. In qualitative analysis, no differences were found between samples A2, A3, A4, and A5 compared to sample A1. The study revealed quantitative differences in physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation among the powdered leaf samples. Conclusion: Qualitative analysis did not reveal significant differences among samples A2, A3, A4, and A5 compared to sample A1. However, quantitative variations were observed in both physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of the powdered leaf sample. The findings in this study contribute to a better understanding and identification of various Vaasa sources in Ayurvedic medicine, essential for quality control and further research.

Qualitative phytochemical characterization and free radical scavenging activity of Talapotaka churna

ABSTRACT Background: Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants play a crucial role in treating various ailments. Talapotaka churna, a polyherbal formulation, is reported in Ayurveda for its therapeutic excellence. Although clinical and animal experimental studies are available, no work has yet been reported on the preliminary phytochemical and analytical profile of Talapotaka churna. Aim: To report the preliminary phytochemical, analytical profile, and antioxidative potential of Talapotaka churna. Materials and Methods: Talapotaka churna was prepared by following standard methods of preparations. Its organoleptic, physicochemical evaluation, thin-layer chromatography, phytochemical screening, and antioxidative activity have been evaluated following the available guidelines. Results: Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Talapotaka churna showed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, and saponins. The presence of polyphenolic compounds attributes to the antioxidant properties of Talapotaka churna. Conclusion: The antioxidant phytochemicals confirmed by the chromatographic characterization of Talapotaka churna support its therapeutic potential. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanistic pathways of phytochemicals of Talapotaka churna to establish the therapeutic implication in diabetes mellitus.

Pharmacognostical Standardization of Balamulachurna- Root Powder of Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa (L.) Borssum

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,1,155-162.DOI:10.5530/097484900224Published:December 2022Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Thota Jyostna Kumari, Goli Penchala Prasad, Goli Penchala Pratap, Mohd Kashif Husain, and Padamata Sai Sudhakar Author(s) affiliations:Thota Jyostna Kumari1, Goli Penchala Prasad2, Goli Penchala Pratap3,*, Mohd Kashif Husain3, Padamata Sai Sudhakar1 1Dr. NRS Govt. Ayurvedic Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA. 2National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA. 3Survey of Medicinal Plants Unit, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Ksheerabala tailam is well known Ayurvedic herbal formulation which is used in inflammations, pains and neurological disorders. The primary botanical source for Ksheerabala tailam is Balamulachurna. The literature refers to Balamulachurna as either of the root powders of Sida cordifolia, Sida acuta, Sida cordata or Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa. To accomplish the clinical efficacy of Ksheerabala tailam, standardization of Balamulachurna is necessary. Objectives: The study is aimed to establish pharmacognostic standards of Balamulachurna with respect to Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa root powder. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostical standardization was carried out by focusing on organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, heavy metal assessments, fluorescence and HPTLC studies. Results: The roots macroscopic features were noticed as; an elongated taproot with few lateral roots, thick, woody, brown-coloured and bitter to taste. Organoleptic characteristics revealed the nature of the root powder as cream in colour with a pleasant odour and slightly bitter taste. The powder microscopic study specified the presence of fibres, fibre–sclereids, tracheids, vessel elements and calcium oxalate crystals. Physicochemical studies assessed total ash (7.5%), water-soluble ash (4.46%), alkalinity of water-soluble ash (0.4 ml) and acid-insoluble ash (3.3%). The preliminary phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and quinones. The HPTLC analyses exhibited various Rf values with the diversity of multiple phytoconstituents. Conclusion: The scientific data generated by the study is beneficial for adequately identifying and establishing standards for using Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa as a primary drug for maintaining the quality and purity of the Ksheerabala tailam, an Ayurvedic formulation. Keywords:Balamulachurna, Ksheerabala tailam, Pharmacognosy, Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa, StandardizationView:PDF (594.85 KB)

Preliminary Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Screening of Leaves of Cosmostigma racemosum (roxb.) Wight.

Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation are necessary for drug authentication and for prediction and confirmation of pharmacological activities of any plant part. Cosmostigma racemosum (Roxb.) Wight, a traditional and folklore drug in Kerala with many reputed usages, locally called as Vaattuvalli, is a shrubby twiner of Apocynaceae family. Leaves are the most used plant part. As no scientific data regarding its standards were available, preliminary pharmacognostic, physico-chemical and phytochemical evaluation of the leaves were done as per the guidelines of Ayurveda Pharmacopoiea of India and WHO. The study revealed that leaves of Cosmostigma racemosum (Roxb.)Wight are simple, opposite, exstipulate, apex caudate, base cordate and with a characteristic chilly odour. Microscopic examination of leaves revealed the presence of characteristic features such as lacticifers, secreting cells, absence of stomata on the upper epidermis, presence of paracytic stomata on the lower epidermis and presence of calcium oxalate crystals especially druse crystals. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins which indicates the wide range of pharmacological activities of the plant. The 13 peaks in the HPTLC profile indicate a wide pharmacological prospect of the leaves. The ICP-MS analysis confirmed that heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb and As present in the leaves are within permissible limits. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, different ash values, volatile oil content, different extractive values, ph, fibre content, and sugar content were also determined. All these findings can serve as standards for assuring the safety, quality and purity of the drug.

Morpho-Anatomical, Preliminary Phytochemical and Hptlc Profile of Extra-Pharmacopoeial Herb Passiflora foetida Linn. Leaf

Background: Medicine has evolved after a lot of trial and error practices. Ayurveda is a life science which is meant for well-being of all living creature. The medicinal importance of wide range of plants has been recorded in Ayurveda, but some plants which are found later or exotic are not mentioned in Ayurveda, they are named as Anukta which means untold. Ethnobotany is the branch of botany which deals with the study of relationship between people and plants. Passiflora foetida Linn. is an extra pharmacopeial drug in Ayurveda, which is used by folklore and traditional healers for various ailments like hysteria, skin disease, asthma, headache, for poisonous bites, digestive complaints etc. Methodology: Pharmacognostic, physico-chemical, preliminary phytochemical study and HPTLC studies were carried out following standard procedures mentioned in Pharmacopoeias. Results: Pharmacognostic study revealed macromicroscopic features of the plant. Physicochemical studies gave information about the moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive and water soluble extractive. Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of alcoholic extract revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids and resins. HPTLC study revealed the fingerprint of extract of the plant sample. Conclusion: The results obtained from the studies will help in the standardisation of the plant material.

Preliminary Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of stem of Cichorium intybus Linn. (Chicory)

Background: Cichorium intybus Linn., belonging to Compositae family is a common drug found in India. It is traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation, cancer, viral, bacterial fungal infections and liver toxicity. This plant also has power to stimulate the immune system. Aim: Here in the paper an attempt has been made to determine the authenticity of C.intybus stem by means of Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical analysis. Methods: Macroscopy, microscopy, powder analysis, physicochemical properties, preliminary phytochemical analysis and TLC of different extracts of stem were done. Result: Microscopy of stem showed all typical features of the species Cichorium intybus Linn., The physicochemical study showed the highest extractive value with alcohol. Preliminary phytochemical confirmed the positive chemical test for Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Sterols, Carbohydrates, Resins, Phenolics and Glycosides in various extracts.

Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Atalantia monophylla DC. root and stem

Background: Atalantia monophylla DC. (Syn. Limonia monophylla L.), family Rutaceae, root and stem have been reported for their use in rheumatism, arthritis, antidote to snake-bite, cough, allergies, skin diseases and as an antidote to snake-bite through ethnomedicinal claims. Present study reports a details pharmacognostic and preliminary physiochemical and phytochemical aspects of A. monophylla root and stem. Material and methods: The root and stem samples were collected after proper authentication from Athagarh forest Odisha India. Macroscopic observations were made with naked eyes, microscopy, powder microscopy, physicochemical and qualitative analysis and HPTLC studies of root and stem were carried out following Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India recommended and others standard protocols. Results and Discussion: Root were 5-7cm in length; flattened, L-shaped, easily peel-able and thick, outer yellowish brown and inner yellow in colour with rootlets and scars. Stem cylindrical, striated, greenish brown in colour. Diagrammatic transverse section of root and stem shows circular in shape, outer cork, cortex followed by central stellar region and circular in nature, outer epidermis followed by hypodermis, cortex, vascular bundle and centrally located large pith respectively. Microscopic powder character of root and stem shows prismatic crystal, parenchyma cell with oil globule, simple starch grains, brown content and rhomboidal crystal, pitted parenchyma cells, brown content, oil globule, simple and compound starch grains respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of root and stem shows the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids. HPTLC study of root and stem shows 22 and 25 spots at short (254nm) and 24 and 27 spots at long (366nm) ultraviolet respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained from pharmacognostical, phytochemical, physicochemical characteristic along with HPTLC studies are the diagnostic tool of A. monophylla plant and will help in standardization of its root and stem in terms of its quality, strength, purity.

Preliminary phytochemical evaluation and In Vitro antidiabetic acitivity of Ethanolic leaf extract of Tribulus terrestris Linn.

Preliminary phytochemical evaluation and In Vitro antidiabetic acitivity of Ethanolic leaf extract of Tribulus terrestris Linn.