Premature Rupture Of Membranes Research Articles

Maternal Infections, Antibiotics, Steroid Use, and Diabetes Mellitus Increase Risk of Early-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Neonates: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

The global evolution of pathogens causing early-onset sepsis (EOS), a critical condition in preterm infants, necessitates a re-evaluation of risk factors to develop updated prevention and treatment strategies. This nationwide case-control study in Taiwan analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Research Database, Birth Reporting Database, and Maternal and Child Health Database from 2010 to 2019. The study included 176,681 mother-child pairs with preterm births. We identified 2942 clinical EOS cases from 5535 diagnosed sepsis cases, excluding unlikely cases. A control group of 14,710 preterm neonates without EOS was selected at a 1:5 ratio. Clinical EOS increased since 2017. Adjusted logistic regression identified significant EOS risk factors in preterm infants, including maternal fever, chorioamnionitis, maternal diabetes mellitus, maternal antibiotic usage, very preterm birth, birth weight (all with p < 0.001), maternal pneumonia (p = 0.002), and maternal CS (p = 0.004). Effective treatment of maternal conditions like diabetes, fever, and infections is essential to prevent EOS in preterm infants. Key measures include reducing unnecessary antibiotics or steroids, minimizing unnecessary cesarean sections, avoiding premature or prolonged rupture of membranes (PPROM), and increasing gestational age and neonatal birth weight. High-risk preterm neonates should be closely monitored for EOS and considered for antibiotics when warranted.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first trimester did not adversely impact perinatal and obstetric outcomes subsequent to in vitro fertilization with frozen embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study.

To investigate the impact of first-trimester COVID-19 infection on the perinatal and obstetric outcomes following in vitro fertilization-frozen embryo transfer. This retrospective study was conducted at a university-affiliated IVF center. The infection group included women who contracted SARS-CoV-2 during the first trimester following frozen embryo transfer in China's initial pandemic wave that occurred from 7 December 2022 to 7 January 2023. The control group consisted of pregnant women from the pre-pandemic period, considering the widespread incidence of the disease among the Chinese population during such a large outbreak. The primary outcome was perinatal and obstetric parameters. A total of 346 pregnant women who tested positive for COVID-19 during the first trimester were included in the analysis, while the control group comprised 705 uninfected women (pre-COVID-19 controls). Perinatal outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birthweight, birthweight Z scores, macrosomia, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, and congenital malformations, showed no significant differences between the infected and control groups in both the unadjusted and confounder-adjusted logistic regression models. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the groups concerning obstetric complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placenta previa, preterm premature rupture of the membrane, and mode of delivery. The current study demonstrated that contracting COVID-19 during the first trimester did not adversely impact future obstetric and perinatal outcomes following in vitro fertilization-frozen embryo transfer. This data holds practical significance and offers essential insights for reproductive specialists and obstetricians advising expectant mothers.

Analyzing the Fetal Complications Associated to Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

Analyzing the Fetal Complications Associated to Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

Serum homocysteine and lipid levels in the third trimester and their relationship with perinatal outcomes in diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus.

This study investigates the relationship between serum homocysteine, blood lipids, and perinatal outcomes in patients with diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). A prospective cohort of 150 diet-controlled GDM patients and 150 pregnant women with NGT, all delivering at our hospital, were selected based on predefined criteria. Data on demographics, physical parameters, and perinatal outcomes were compiled. Blood samples for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) were collected before delivery. GDM patients exhibited higher levels of FPG, Hcy, and the apoB/apoA1 ratio, but lower HDL-C and apoA1 levels compared to the NGT group. Adverse outcomes such as macrosomia, premature rupture of membranes, and postpartum hemorrhage were more prevalent in the GDM group. In GDM patients, neonatal birth weight positively correlated with FPG and TG levels. Stratified Hcy analysis in GDM showed no significant differences in perinatal outcomes. However, the third quartile of the apoB/apoA1 ratio had a lower incidence of macrosomia compared to the first quartile, and the second quartile showed a higher incidence of birth asphyxia. GDM patients demonstrated increased levels of Hcy, FPG, and the apoB/apoA1 ratio, correlating with more adverse perinatal outcomes than healthy pregnant individuals. The relationships between Hcy, lipids, and these outcomes remain inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research.

The Impact of Antibiotics on Latency When Given at the Time of Membrane Rupture Prior to Viability.

It is well established that antibiotics administered in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes increases latency to delivery. While data is limited for membrane rupture prior to viability, antibiotics may also increase latency in this population. To assesses the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on the duration of latency in individuals with previable prelabor rupture of membranes. Retrospective cohort of pregnancies with previable prelabor rupture of membranes prior to 23 weeks, 0 days in a single health system(2013-2022). Patients opting for termination or with a contraindication to expectant management were excluded. The primary outcome was latency from previable prelabor rupture of membranes diagnosis to delivery. Secondary outcomes included subanalysis by gestational age as well as maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Bivariate statistics compared patients who did and did not received antibiotics. Kaplan-Meier/Cox proportional hazards ratios using significant covariates(p<0.1) in bivariate analysis models examined antibiotic impact on latency. Of 115 patients, 46(40%) met inclusion criteria, of whom 34(74%) received latency antibiotics. Median latency did not differ with antibiotic receipt(1 week, [0.4,2.6] versus 0.6 weeks [0.3,0.9], p=0.27). When adjusted for gestational age at rupture of membranes, antibiotics were not associated with longer latency(hazard ratio1.33 [0.91,1.93]). Antibiotic receipt was associated with lower rates of previable delivery(23.0 weeks, [22.7, 24.0] versus 21.3 weeks [20.5,23.1], p=0.006). Adjusted odds of previable delivery remained lower with receipt of antibiotics(adjusted odds ratio 0.20, [0.04,0.90]). Antibiotics were associated with longer latency in patients with rupture of membranes at less than 22 week's gestation(2.4wks [1.3,4.4] vs 0.6wks [0.1,0.9], p=0.02). Antibiotic administration at the time of previable prelabor rupture of membranes was associated with longer latency if prior to 22 weeks' gestation. Antibiotic administration increased the odds of delivering after viability. Further study should address optimal antibiotics strategies for this unique population.

Prolonged Premature Preterm Rupture of Membranes: A Successful Case from The Dominican Republic

Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) impacts 5–7% of all pregnancies. A pregnancy is considered previable, the fetus having a low chance of surviving before 22 weeks of gestation. Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. PPROM is associated with health complications for the neonates and mothers. Some of the neonatal morbidities include respiratory distress syndrome, infection, pulmonary hypoplasia, and sepsis. Some of the maternal complications are chorioamnionitis, endometritis, and placental abruption. This case study describes a clinical case from the Dominican Republic where there was a PPROM that occurred at 16 weeks of gestation. Furthermore, the latency period from the initial rupture to preterm birth was approximately 18 weeks, which is longer than the average latency period. Despite these complications, the patient successfully gave birth at 33.6 weeks to a relatively healthy baby.

Prolonged Premature Preterm Rupture of Membranes: A Successful Case from The Dominican Republic

Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) impacts 5–7% of all pregnancies. A pregnancy is considered previable, the fetus having a low chance of surviving before 22 weeks of gestation. Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. PPROM is associated with health complications for the neonates and mothers. Some of the neonatal morbidities include respiratory distress syndrome, infection, pulmonary hypoplasia, and sepsis. Some of the maternal complications are chorioamnionitis, endometritis, and placental abruption. This case study describes a clinical case from the Dominican Republic where there was a PPROM that occurred at 16 weeks of gestation. Furthermore, the latency period from the initial rupture to preterm birth was approximately 18 weeks, which is longer than the average latency period. Despite these complications, the patient successfully gave birth at 33.6 weeks to a relatively healthy baby.

Is there an association between the serum zonulin concentration and the occurrence of PPROM?

Aims: The aim is to evaluate the association between intestinal permeability, as assessed by zonulin levels, and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted involving 44 pregnant women: 22 with PPROM and 22 matched controls. High-risk pregnancies (gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies), chronic diseases, and smoking were exclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records. Venous and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained post-delivery, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min, and stored at -80°C. Results: No significant differences were found between the PPROM and control groups regarding age, body-mass index, gravidity, previous abortions, history of preterm rupture of membrane (PROM), or PPROM. Maternal and cord blood zonulin levels were comparable between groups (p&gt;0.05). In the PPROM group, maternal and fetal cord zonulin levels correlated positively with newborn birthweight (r=0.607, p=0.003; r=0.617, p=0.002, respectively). A strong positive correlation was observed between maternal serum and fetal cord blood zonulin levels (r=0.837, p

Frequency of abruptio placentae in preterm premature rupture of membranes.

Objective: To determine frequency of abruptio placentae in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Study Design: Analytical Cross-sectional Description. Setting: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Period: April 23, 2021 to April 23, 2022. Methods: We enrolled 326 patients aged 18 to 35 years, all of whom had singleton pregnancies and presented with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) that occurred less than 48 hours prior to their presentation. These assessments were conducted in both the outpatient and emergency departments to confirm instances of preterm PROM, identified by the pooling or leakage of amniotic fluid in the backside of vaginal vault or from the cervix during examination. Patient follow-up extended from their admission into the Obstetric suite until delivery. Abruptio placentae was diagnosed in cases where a normally positioned placenta separated after 28 weeks of gestation. This diagnosis was supported by ultrasound findings and clinically by symptoms such as painful abdomen during physical examination, whether bleeding per vagina is present or not (between 200 to 400 ml) and the presence of retroplacental clots post-delivery. Results: In our research of 326 patients, 35% (approximately 114 patients) were experiencing their first pregnancy (primigravida), while 65% (approximately 212 patients) had been pregnant before (multigravida). The research found that 6% of the total patients (about 20 patients) experienced placental abruption. This indicates an important correlation of preterm premature rupture of membranes and placental abruption. Regarding the gestational period, 124 patients (38%) were under 34 weeks of gestation, whereas 202 patients (62%) were over 34 weeks. The age distribution was also analyzed: 147 patients (45%) were between 18 to 25 years old, and 179 patients (55%) were between 26 to 35 years old. The average age was 31 years with A measure of variability of ± 9.74. After applying the post-stratification chi-square test, we obtained a P value of ≤0.05, indicating statistical importance. Conclusion: Preterm premature rupture of membranes is associated with a 6% risk of abruptio placentae.

Skin colonization by pathogenic bacteria as a risk factor for neonatal sepsis.

Neonatal sepsis continues to be a leading cause of mortality among the NICU admitted neonates. The most common causative organisms have been proven to be hospital-acquired organisms. This study was planned with aim of understanding the pathological colonization of neonatal skin and associated risk factors as well as finding a possible correlation between blood culture isolates and neonatal skin colonizers and their antimicrobial resistance patterns. This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Northern India from January 2021 to June 2022. The study participants were 50 pre-term neonates and 50 term neonates, who were born in our hospital and subsequently admitted to the NICU. Skin swabs, taken from 5 body sites within 24h of birth and at discharge, were cultured for isolation of pathological bacteria. Neonates were followed-up during their hospital stay for observing any occurrence of blood culture positive sepsis. Out of 100 neonates, 31 pre-term and 28 term neonates were colonized within 24h of birth while almost all were colonized by discharge. Posterior auricular fossa was the most colonized site. Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (n=195) and Escherichia coli (n=51) were the most common isolates. Risk factors found to be significantly associated with colonization were low birth weight (<2500g), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), invasive mechanical ventilation and positive urine and vaginal cultures of mothers. Neonates with culture positive sepsis also had colonization with MDROs. Neonatal skin colonization and their antimicrobial resistance rates increased over the course of hospital stay, having a possible contribution towards culture positive sepsis.

Indomethacin and Cefazolin for Physical Exam-Indicated Cerclage to Improve Latency: A Protocol Validation Study.

A single-center randomized trial showed improved latency with use of indomethacin and cefazolin (I/C) during and following exam-indicated cerclage (EIC). The same center recently published a pre/post comparison demonstrating similar results. This research aimed to validate the protocol in a different setting. Retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies undergoing EIC at a single center between 2013 and 2022. EIC was performed for painless cervical dilation between 16 and 23 weeks' gestation with dilation ≥1 cm. Exposure was defined as receipt of I/C during and following EIC. The primary outcome was latency ≥ 28 days after cerclage placement. Secondary outcomes included latency; gestational age at delivery; delivery ≤ 28 weeks; preterm premature rupture of membranes; intra-amniotic infection (IAI); and median birth weight. Bivariate statistics were used to analyze data; multivariable regression analyses were used to control for confounders (progesterone use, cervical dilation at time of cerclage placement, history of preterm birth, and prolapsing membranes). EIC was placed in 81 pregnancies and 48 (59%) received I/C. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups, except that prolapsing membranes were significantly less likely in patients receiving I/C (6.2 vs. 21.2%; p = 0.04). Latency ≥ 28 days occurred in 90% of I/C recipients and 82% of the controls (p = 0.32); this difference remained nonsignificant after controlling for confounders (adjusted relative risk: 1.02 [95% confidence interval: 0.85, 1.21]). I/C recipients had lower rates of IAI (4.2 vs. 24.2%, p = 0.007), even after adjustment (adjusted relative risk: 0.18 [95% confidence interval: 0.04, 0.74]). Other secondary outcomes did not differ. Use of I/C at the time of EIC at this center was not associated with increased latency to delivery (albeit in a small cohort) but was associated with lower rates of intra-amniotic infection. Larger-scale validation studies would be helpful to confirm the value of this intervention. · Indomethacin/cefazolin (I/C) increased latency for exam-indicated cerclage in a trial.. · We performed an observational comparison to validate these findings.. · I/C use for exam-indicated cerclages was associated with decreased intra-amniotic infection.. · I/C was not associated with change in latency.. · Larger-scale validation studies needed to confirm the value of intervention..

Special Case Report of Pregnancy 28-30 Weeks Gestation with Premature Rupture of Membranes

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) can be defined as a rupture of the membranes before delivery that can occur at any gestational age. PROM can occur at gestational age before 37 weeks or after 37 weeks. The incidence of PROM ranges from 8-10% of all pregnancies. Management decisions depend on gestational age and evaluation of the relative risks of delivery versus the risks of expectant management when pregnancy is allowed to progress to a later gestational age. Case presentation: Patient with pregnancy at 28 – 30 weeks gestation. The patient came to the ER of General Hospital with complaints of watery discharge for 4 hours since admission to the hospital. The water comes out a lot of clear white, odorless, and with no uterine bleeding. Conclusion: The inpatient management of patients with premature rupture of membranes is found to be an acceptable option in the case of the pregnant woman and fetus stable state. Keywords: premature rupture of membrane, pregnancy, gestational age

Perinatal and Delivery Outcomes Following Amniocentesis: A Case-Control Study in the Polish Population.

Background: Amniocentesis is a widely used invasive prenatal diagnostic procedure, recognized for its high sensitivity and low risk of complications. This study aims to evaluate the association between amniocentesis and pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, preterm rupture of membranes (PROM), and preterm birth, as well as perinatal outcomes. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Regional Hospital in Kielce, Poland, from 2016 to 2022, involving 1834 patients, 225 of whom underwent amniocentesis, while 1609 did not receive any invasive diagnostics. Data were collected from medical records and included maternal factors such as age, BMI, delivery mode, complications, and newborn condition. Results: The study found no statistically significant differences between the study and the control groups regarding pregnancy or perinatal characteristics. Miscarriage occurred in 1.9% of the patients in the amniocentesis group, with no cases in the control group. Rates of preterm delivery were similar between groups (8.33% in the study group vs. 5.74% in the control group, p > 0.05). Postnatal outcomes, such as birth term, birth weight, and Apgar scores, were comparable across both groups. Fetal growth restriction was slightly more frequent in the study group (2.8% vs. 0.8%). One neonatal death was observed in each group. The relative risk of complications following amniocentesis was 1.69 (CI 0.38-7.24). Conclusions: Amniocentesis is a safe invasive prenatal procedure. It should be offered to every pregnant woman when necessary. Before the procedure, the patient should be clearly informed of the risk related to amniocentesis but at the same time reassured that the complication rate is very low.

Correlation between Amniotic Fluid Index, Uterocervical Angle and Umbilical Artery Doppler with Latency Period in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

Correlation between Amniotic Fluid Index, Uterocervical Angle and Umbilical Artery Doppler with Latency Period in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

Likelihood of Preterm Birth in Patients After Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration in Relation to Diagnosis and Confounding Risk Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: In the case of threatened preterm birth (PTB) before the 34th week of pregnancy, the application of antenatal corticosteroids (ACSs) for the maturation of the fetal lung is a standard procedure in perinatal medicine. Common diagnoses for ACS use in pregnancy are the preterm rupture of membranes (PPROMs), placental bleeding, premature labor, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, amniotic infection syndrome (AIS), and cervical insufficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the current diagnosis, which results in ACS, and the patient's risk factors influence the risk of PTB events. Methods: The data of all affected women were extracted, who were hospitalized in 2016 due to a threatening PTB and administered corticosteroids in the German federal state Rhineland-Palatinate (n = 1544), so the study was conducted as a retrospective cohort trial. Frequency analyses, Friedman tests, Chi square tests, logistic regressions, Spearman correlation, and moderation analysis were performed to determine the Odds ratio (OR) for PTB in ACS patients in relation to diagnosis and risk factors. Results: Only 60% of all patients with PTB risk delivered prematurely, whereby patients with different diagnoses differ in terms of the PTB risk; the highest risk could be found in AIS (OR = 16.12) or preeclampsia (OR = 5.46). For prior PTB, stillbirth, or abortion, there is a moderation effect (based on the confounders), while multiple pregnancies influence the PTB risk irrespective of diagnosis (OR = 6.45). In the whole collective, the OR for PTB was 6.6 in relation to all pregnant women in Germany. Conclusions: A higher risk of PTB could be found in patients with a diagnosis of AIS, preeclampsia, as well as in multiple pregnancies. Prior PTB, stillbirth, or abortion act as a relevant confounder.

Features of protein syntesizing function of placenta are at the preterm rupture of membranes on a background a urogenital infection

The objective: estimation of the state of protein syntesizing function of placenta for pregnant with the preterm rupture of membranes in the different terms of pregnancy.Materials and methods. Complex prospective is conducted randomized clinical-and-laboratory inspection is conducted in 217 pregnant which motion of pregnancy became complicated by the preterm rupture of membranes in the term of gestation 22,5–33,5 weeks pregnancies with the estimation of the state of new-born. In total sample the pregnant were included also and them new-born which were on an inspection and treatment in subsections of intensive therapy and reanimation. For diminishing of influence of casual factors by systematization of distributing of signs which was studied in an elector, for it the pregnant were not included with other obstetric complications: preeclampsia, multifetation, disease of the cardiovascular system, endocrine system in the stage of sub- and decompensations which would influence on the results of researches. Concentration of specific placenta albumens: trophoblastic beta-glycoprotein determined a immunoenzyme method in the critical terms of gestation (5–14, 16–26 and 30–36 weeks pregnancies, with an interval in 1-2 weeks in the first trimester, 4 weeks – in the second and third trimesters). Results. At determination of placenta albumens additional possibilities of timely diagnostics of violation of the state of fetus and function of placenta appear in the whey of blood, that in connection with other methods is basis of decline of perinatal morbidity and death rate. Taking into account the wide enough limits of individual vibrations of placenta albumens in the whey of blood in the process of development of pregnancy, and also some day’s vibrations of their levels, more reliable and perspective for diagnostics of the intrauterine fetal suffering equal determination of concentration of placenta albumens can serve in the whey of blood.Conclusions. The got results it must draw on during the conduct of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures for women with a urogenital infection. Keywords: preterm rupture of membranes, urogenital infection, function of placenta

Outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to prolonged prelabor rupture of membranes before 24 weeks of gestation.

Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes before or around the limit of fetal viability is associated with serious maternal and neonatal complications, including chorioamnionitis, extremely preterm birth, and pulmonary hypoplasia. This study aimed to describe the contemporary outcomes of extremely preterm infants born after prolonged periviable preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and to identify perinatal factors associated with survival and survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment. Among actively treated infants born alive at <27 weeks' gestational age in centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network from 2012 to 2018, the outcomes of survival and survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 22 to 26 months' corrected age were compared between infants exposed to prolonged (≥120 hours) periviable (<24 weeks' gestational age) preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and unexposed infants born after rupture of membranes ≤18 hours before delivery or at delivery with adjustment for birth gestational age, sex, multiple gestation, antenatal steroids, small for gestational age, insurance, and center. Regression models were used to identify perinatal factors associated with survival and survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment among the infants exposed to prolonged periviable preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. The analysis included 609 infants exposed to prolonged periviable preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and 4489 unexposed infants. In the prolonged periviable preterm prelabor rupture of membranes group, 444 of 608 (73%) infants survived and 298 of 533 (56%) infants survived without severe neurodevelopmental impairment. The odds of survival (odds ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.05) and survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.12) were not significantly different between prolonged periviable preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and unexposed groups. The variables associated with higher odds of survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment were later gestational age at birth (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.67), later gestational age at preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-1.63), and female sex (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.34), whereas small-for-gestational-age infants had lower odds of survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment (odds ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.51). The odds of survival and survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment among infants exposed to prolonged periviable preterm prelabor rupture of membranes were not significantly different from those of unexposed infants but decreased with earlier gestational age at birth and rupture of membranes.

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Undergoing Artificial Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles: A Retrospective Study

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a worldwide endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women. In addition to infertility, PCOS may lead to unfavorable maternal and prenatal outcomes in assisted reproductive technology cycles. The aim of the study was to investigate the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes using frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) among women with and without PCOS. Materials and Methods: The data of 1064 women in the PCOS group and 1473 women in the control group were analyzed after FET. Adverse maternal and prenatal outcomes including gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth were compared between the two groups. Results: We did not find significant differences in the above-mentioned variables between the two groups. Gestational diabetes (7.1% vs. 11%), pre-eclampsia (12% vs. 11.8%), premature rupture of membranes (3.8% vs. 6.5%), preterm birth (13% vs. 15.9%), and low birth weight (10.9% vs. 14.7%) between PCOS and non-PCOS groups, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our result showed that there are no differences between PCOS and non-PCOS women undergoing FET regarding maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective study.

There is evidence that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM); however, studies of its effect on term PROM (TPROM) are limited, and the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and its components and the risk of TPROM. From 2018 to 2022, we collected delivery data from pregnant women in Guangzhou. Using 1:1 case matching, we included 1,216 TPROM cases and 1,216 controls. PM2.5 and its component concentrations were obtained from Tracking Air Pollution in China. The time-varying mean concentration method was used to estimate exposure to PM2.5 and its components during different trimesters. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 and its components with the risk of TPROM. The incidence of TPROM in this study was 19.66%. After adjusting for potential confounders, statistically significant associations were found between TPROM and exposure to PM2.5, nitrate ( ), ammonium ( ), and black carbon (BC) during the second trimester and between TPROM and exposure to PM2.5, sulphate ( ), and BC during the third trimester. Specifically, the interquartile range (IQR) 3 (IQR3) and IQR4 of exposure during the third trimester increased the risk of TPROM by 18% (95% CIs [1.01-1.39]) and 18% (95% CIs [1.01-1.39]), respectively. A nonlinear relationship was observed between exposure to PM2.5, , , and OM during the second trimester and the risk of TPROM. No significant interactions were found between PM2.5 and its components with TPROM across various subgroups. Our findings indicate significant associations between the risk of TPROM and exposure to PM2.5 and several of its components during pregnancy. Contribute to the literature on the associations of PM2.5 and its components with TPROM.

Development of a droplet digital PCR method for the detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Human infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU) is mainly manifested as non-gonococcal urethritis, where it can lead to cervicitis, premature rupture of membranes and abortion in women, as well as infertility in males, which becomes a major problem in clinical diagnosis and treatment. At present, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and culture are the two main methods for detecting UU. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method is cumbersome and cannot accomplish absolute quantification on nucleic acids, while the cultivation method has limitations such as low sensitivity and being time-consuming. The aim of this study is to establish a more rapid and accurate droplet digital PCR(ddPCR) method for the detection of UU. Primers were designed for the ParC gene of UU. Nucleic acids from a standard strain of UU were extracted. Specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability detection was performed using ddPCR, and the detection performance of ddPCR was evaluated. The detection process could be completed in 92min. It has a high sensitivity of up to 3.8pg/μL. With a high specificity, no positive microdrop were detected in eight negative control pathogens in this experiment. In addition, ddPCR detection of UU has good repeatability, and the calculated CV is 2.1%. Our data indicated that ddPCR detection technology has the characteristics of absolute quantification, high stability, high specificity and high sensitivity of UU. It can promote the accurate detection of UU, providing a more scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.