Preheated Samples Research Articles

Thermal deactivation kinetics and thermodynamics of a silica gel using surface area data

A new calculation method was presented using surface area data for the thermal analysis of adsorbents. Five parts from a silica gel (Hypersil) were heated at the temperatures of 500, 640, 700, 770, and 850 °C, respectively, for 16 h. The maximum adsorption capacity as liquid nitrogen volume (0.930 cm3 g−1), monolayer capacity (0.093 cm3 g−1), surface area (AH = 245 m2 g−1), number of monolayer (10) in the multimolecular adsorption, and heat of the first layer (3300 J mol−1) were evaluated from the nitrogen adsorption data obtained at − 196 °C. Surface area (A) of the preheated samples was determined similarly. The assumed parameters $$k = - (\partial A/\partial T)_{\text{p}} / A$$ and $$K = \left( {1 - a} \right)/ a$$ were calculated for each preheating temperature, where $$a = A/A_{\text{H}}$$ is the relative decrease in the surface area by the thermal deactivation, because the k and K supplying Arrhenius equations and van’t Hoff equation behave as reaction rate constant and equilibrium constant, respectively. The activation energy for the thermal deactivation of the silica gel was calculated as $$E^{\# } = 27330$$ J mol−1 from the slope of a straight line which is plotted according to the Arrhenius equation. The enthalpy change $$(\Delta H^{0} = 28936$$ J mol−1) and entropy change ( $$\Delta S^{0} = 47.42$$ J mol−1 K−1) for the same case were, respectively, evaluated from the slope and intercept of a straight line which is plotted according to the van’t Hoff equation. Accordingly, temperature dependence of the Gibbs energy is written as $$\Delta G^{0} = \Delta H^{0} - T\Delta S^{0} = 28936 - 47.42 T$$ by the SI units. The spontaneous nature of the deactivation was discussed using the last relationship.

Study of the coal secondary spontaneous combustion behavior under different pre-heating oxygen concentrations

Spontaneous combustion of oxidized coal was one of the serious hazards during coal mining and utilization. However, spontaneous combustibility of oxidized coal affected by the first oxidation of coal was still unclear. In this paper, the influence of pre-heating with different oxygen concentrations on coal secondary spontaneous combustion behaviors was studied. Temperature-programmed heating experiments were carried out to prepare pre-heated coal samples by heating at the preset temperature of 80 °C in mixture atmosphere of N2 and O2 with different oxygen proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. Pre-heated and raw coals were heated programmatically in an air atmosphere of 120 mL min−1 with a heating rate of 0.33 °C min−1. The gaseous compounds of O2, CO and CO2 were analyzed to identify spontaneous combustion behaviors of pre-heated and raw coals. The results showed that pre-heating at 80 °C promoted oxygen physisorption at low temperatures and lowered oxidability at high temperatures in the coal secondary oxidation process. Pre-heating at 80 °C with higher oxygen content reduced oxidability and exothermicity of coal secondary spontaneous combustion, but had no obvious effect on oxygen physisorption of coal low-temperature oxidation.

Fabrication of steel-Inconel functionally graded materials by laser melting deposition integrating with laser synchronous preheating

This paper examines a functionally graded material, fabricated by fiber laser melting deposition and laser synchronous preheating that incrementally grades from 316L to Inconel625. The cracking behaviour, microstructure evolution and microhardness were determined as the variation of position within the graded materials. The cracks in the non-preheated samples occurred at the deposited layers from 90% 316L/10% Inconel625 to 70% 316L/30% Inconel625, and no cracks were produced in the preheated samples. Precipitation of Nb- and Mo-enrich phases was experimentally identified to be the main cause of cracking. The microstructure of the preheated samples changed from the cellular dendrites to prominent columnar dendrites, and the precipitated phases were transformed from (γ + Laves) eutectic phase to (γ + NbC) phase with the increase of Inconel625. Microhardness presented an approximate linear distribution along the gradient direction. Work shows that microstructure and internal stress can be improved by laser synchronous preheating, thereby contributing to suppress cracking for the functionally graded material.

Effect of pre-heating on hardness, flexural properties and depth of cure of dental two resin composites

Background: It has been observed that preheating dental composites prior to photo-curing improves their handling characteristics and enhances their mechanical properties. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of three preheating temperatures on hardness, flexural strength and depth of cure of Filtek™ Z250 XT Nano Hybrid and Filtek™ P60 Packable composites. Materials & Methods: a total of 90 composite specimens were prepared 30 for each temperature and the samples were preheated at 24, 54 and 68 °C. Vickers microhardness, flexure strength/modulus and depth of cure of preheated samples were recorded for both materials. For each test, thirty specimens for each resin composite were prepared and randomly divided in 3 subgroups (10 for each) according to the preheating temperature. Statistical analysis was carried out using One-Way ANOVA. Results: Increasing the preheating temperature of Filtek™ Z250 XT Nano-hybrid and Filtek™ P60 packable composites significantly increased the Vickers microhardness number, flexure strength and depth of cure. This effect was prominent particularly when the temperature increased from 24 to 54°C. Filtek™ P60 packable composites showed significantly higher Vickers microhardness number, flexure strength/modulus and depth of cure than Filtek™ Z250 XT Nano-hybrid at the tested preheating temperatures. Conclusion: preheating improved the hardness, flexure properties and depth of cure of tested composites.

Fast SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR in preheated nasopharyngeal swab samples

ObjectivesThe gold-standard COVID-19 diagnosis relies on detecting SARS-CoV-2 using RNA purification and one-step retrotranscription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Based on the urgent need for high-throughput screening, we tested the performance of three alternative, simple and affordable protocols to rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2, bypassing the long and tedious RNA extraction step and reducing the time to viral detection. MethodsWe evaluated three methods based on direct nasopharyngeal swab viral transmission medium (VTM) heating before the RT-qPCR: a) direct without additives; b) in a formamide-EDTA (FAE) buffer, c) in a RNAsnapTM buffer. ResultsAlthough with a delay in cycle threshold compared to the gold-standard, we found consistent results in nasopharyngeal swab samples that were subject to a direct 70°C incubation for 10 min. ConclusionsOur findings provide valuable options to overcome any supply chain issue and help to increase the throughput of diagnostic tests, thereby complementing standard diagnosis.

Grain size tailoring and enhanced energy storage properties of two-step sintered Nd3+-doped AgNbO3

AgNbO3 as a lead-free antiferroelectric material, has received widespread attention in recent years due to its promising application in the aspects of energy storage devices. However, the high remnant polarization and low breakdown strength limits its energy storage properties. In this work, Nd3+-doped AgNbO3 (Ag1−3xNdxNbO3, x=0−0.015) ceramics were prepared and a two-step sintering method was employed. The introduction of Nd3+ leads to the enhanced stability of the antiferroelectric phase, refined grain size and increased resistivity. Furthermore, by adjusting the pre-heating temperature in the two-step sintering, the homogeneity of microstructure is improved and the resistance of pre-heated samples increases by one order of magnitude compared with normally sintered samples, leading to the enhanced breakdown strength. Ag0.97Nd0.01NbO3 pre-heated at 1100 °C for 2 h exhibits promising energy storage properties, with a recoverable energy storage density of 3.2 J/cm3 and energy efficiency of 52 % under an applied electric field of 210 kV/cm.

Preheated self-aligned graphene oxide for enhanced room temperature hydrogen storage

This study explored the hydrogen adsorption capacity of self-assembled aligned graphene oxide at room temperature. The characteristics of as-prepared graphene oxide were determined by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry techniques. Three different temperatures were taken for preheating, i.e., 25, 250, and 400 °C. The maximum adsorption pressure was given to 20 bar, and we evaluated the hydrogen adsorption competency at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). The maximum hydrogen storage capacity was achieved ~2.5 wt%, which was found for the graphene oxide sample preheated at 400 °C. This hydrogen storage capacity was 67% and 40% more than the graphene oxide samples preheated at 25 and 250 °C, respectively. Such an enhancement of hydrogen storage capacity in the self-aligned graphene oxide samples at room temperature is attributed to reduced interlayer spacing and increased topological defects in preheated graphene oxide samples at 400 °C.

Microstructural analyses of aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys welded by pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding

Revealing grains and very fine dendrites in a solidified weld metal of aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys is difficult and thus, there is no evidence to validate the micro- and meso-scale physical models for hot cracks. In this research, the effect of preheating on the microstructure and hot crack creation in the pulsed laser welding of AA 6061 was investigated by an optical microscope and field emission electron microscopy. Etching was carried out in the gas phase using fresh Keller’s reagent for 600 s. The results showed that the grain size of the weld metal was proportional to the grain size of the base metal and was independent of the preheating temperature. Hot cracks passed the grain boundaries of the weld and the base metal. Lower solidification rates in the preheated samples led to coarser arm spacing; therefore, a lower cooling rate. Despite the results predicted by the micro and meso-scale models, lower cooling rates resulted in increased hot cracks. The cracks could grow in the weld metal after solidification; therefore, hot cracks were larger than predicted by the hot crack prediction models.

Thermal degradation kinetics of sepiolite

AbstractThe kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation of sepiolite were evaluated with a new method based on thermal analysis data. Thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis curves were recorded for the natural and preheated sepiolite samples in the temperature range 25–800°C for 4 h. The temperature-dependent height of the exothermic heat flow peak for the thermal decomposition of sepiolite located at ~850°C on the differential thermal analysis curve was taken as a kinetic variable for the thermal degradation. A thermal change coefficient was defined depending on this variable because this coefficient fit to the Arrhenius equation was assumed as a rate constant for the thermal degradation. The Arrhenius plot showed that the degradation occurs in three steps. Two of these are due to stepwise dehydration and the third originated from dehydroxylation of sepiolite. Three activation energies were obtained that increase with the increasing temperature interval of the steps.

Kinetic and thermodynamic approaches on thermal degradation of sepiolite crystal using XRD-analysis

A method was proposed to use XRD-data for thermal analyses of crystalline solids. Therefore, the XRD-pattern was recorded for natural and preheated sepiolite samples at the different temperatures in the interval of 25–800 °C for 4 h. The temperature-dependent intensity (I) of the most characteristic 001 reflection was used as a crystallite variable. The assumed parameters $$k = - (\partial I/\partial T)_{\text{p}} / I$$ and $$K = \left( {1 - x} \right)/ x$$ were calculated for each heating temperature, where I0 is the intensity for the natural sample and $$x = I/I_{0}$$ is the relative crystallite of the heated ones, since the k and K supply Arrhenius equation and van’t Hoff equation behave as reaction rate constant and equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction, respectively. Arrhenius plot showed that the degradation has three kinetic steps. Two of these are due to the stepwise (1, 2) dehydration and third (3) originated from dehydroxylation of sepiolite crystal. Three activation energies were obtained such as $$E_{1}^{\# } = 8.6$$ kJ mol−1, $$E_{2}^{\# } = 28.5$$ kJ mol−1, and $$E_{3}^{\# } = 124.8$$ kJ mol−1 from the slope of three intersected straight lines which are plotted according to the Arrhenius equation. Otherwise, van’t Hoff plot indicated that the degradation has two thermodynamic steps which are due to the dehydration (1, 2) and dehydroxylation (3). The basic thermodynamic relationship, $$\Delta G^{0} = \Delta H^{0} - T\Delta S^{0} ,$$ for these steps are $$\Delta G_{1,2}^{0} = 46{,}933 - 65.7T$$ and $$\Delta G_{3}^{0} = 143{,}491 - 177.1T$$, respectively. Finally, the spontaneous tendency for the thermal degradation was discussed.

Enhancement of fracture forming limit by crystallographic texture reformation of AA1050 sheets in Single Point Incremental Forming

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) process that results in the formation of sheet metal components leads to higher forming capabilities in comparison to conventional forming strategies. However, the formability in SPIF is critical and limited by the rapid/sudden failure in the sheet material (without material localization) for the components with high wall inclination angles. The state of stresses and strains plays a huge role in determining the forming limits in SPIF, which is complexly governed by various factors such as sheet thickness, lubrication, incremental step depth, tool rotational speed, part geometry, tool dimensions, and geometry, to name a few. The present work focuses on investigating formability of the sheets from its microstructure and crystallographic texture point of view. Preliminary experimentation led to the conclusion that SPIF of the original commercially supplied AA1050 H14 sheets results in early and premature failure. Microstructural investigation of the undeformed sheet showed that the commercially supplied sheets undergo strain hardening due to cold rolling and therefore, results in dislocated and disorientated microstructure and texture. The present work attempts to reform the microstructure of the sheet by preheating at the optimized temperature. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the process led to the observation that the reformed microstructures result in enhanced fracture forming limit strain and reduced stresses in SPIF. This may be attributed to the decrease in the number of dislocations and dislocated grains, and decrease in the surface area of grain boundary per grain with preheating. Improved fracture forming limits due to preheating were experimentally validated by utilizing digital image correlation technique (DIC) for acquiring true strain values subjected to fractured original and different preheated samples.

Additive manufacturing of a functionally graded material from Inconel625 to Ti6Al4V by laser synchronous preheating

This work examines a functionally graded material, fabricated by directed energy deposition additive manufacturing and laser synchronous preheating that grades from Inconel625 to Ti6Al4V. The microstructure evolution, cracking behavior, phase characteristics and microhardness were determined as a function of position within the graded material. The cracks occurred in the transition zone between 80% Inconel625 + 20% Ti6Al4V and 70% Inconel625 + 30% Ti6Al4V for the non-preheated sample due to the formation of massive Cr- and Mo-enrich phases, while no cracks were found in preheated gradient samples. A series of phase evolutions with the increase of Ti6Al4V occurred: γ, γ + Ni3Ti, Ti2Ni + TiNi + β-Ti, β-Ti + Ti2Ni, α-Ti + β-Ti + Ti2Ni, α-Ti + β-Ti. The maximal hardness obtainable in the 60% Inconel625 and 40% Ti6Al4V deposition layer is determined largely regarding the presence of the various phases. Laser synchronous preheating was an effective measure on improving deposition and crack suppression in laser deposition for Inconel625/Ti6Al4V graded material.

Functional properties of marinated chicken breast meat during heating in a pilot-scale radio-frequency oven

ABSTRACT Chicken breast meat is traditionally marinated to improve tenderness and juiciness. However, a significant amount of marinade is purged during cooking. It was envisioned that preheating of marinated chicken breast meat would minimize the purge due to presetting the myofibrillar proteins and will give higher cook yield. The preheating was done in a radiofrequency (RF) oven to provide uniform heating within the volume of the product, and to allow extra marinade retention. Two preheating regimens, 20–30°C and 55–60°C were selected. A 3–4% marinade gain was obtained while the meat was preheated in RF with 10% extra marinade but this gain was not significantly different in the four treatments and the control (p > .05). The cooked meat yields were determined as a function of programmed preheating of marinated meat in the RF oven, followed by final cooking of the product in the air impingement oven. The programmed preheated samples at 20–30°C showed higher cook yield (96.11–100.51%) as compared to the control (95.6%). However, all the samples heated at 55–60°C showed higher cook yield (100.57–109.39%). Warner-Bratzler shear tests were performed on cooked samples to determine the quality of RF preheated product, and the quality of the RF-treated product was not much different from that of the product cooked directly in a conventional air oven.

Effect of pre-treatments on yield and properties of lipid extracted from cephalothorax of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by ultrasonic assisted process

Impacts of different pre-treatments of cephalothorax from Pacific white shrimp before ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) on yield and characteristics of lipids were studied. Autolysis at 50 °C for 3 h in the absence and presence of 0.1% tannic acid (TA), a lipase inhibitor, was implemented. Pre-heating of cephalothorax containing 0.1% TA at 95 °C for different times (15–45 min) was also carried out. When UAE was used to extract the lipids at the ultrasonic amplitude of 80% for 25 min in continuous mode, samples with pre-heating rendered the highest lipid yield (13.3g-14.1 g/100 g sample). Pre-heating along with TA addition resulted in suppression of lipid oxidation as evidenced by decrease in peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Free fatty acid (FFA) content was also found to be lower, whereas the control (without pre-treatment) had higher FFA. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed lower oxidation in lipid from pre-heated samples added with TA. Lipid contained astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoester, astaxanthin diester, canthaxanthin and β-carotene. Overall, the combination of pre-heating and addition of TA was a promising means to increase the yield and maintain the quality of lipid from cephalothorax using UAE.

Rapid, deep dopant diffusion in crystalline silicon by laser-induced surface melting

As solar cell back contact schemes have improved in recent years, the non-ideal emitter region has become a dominant contributor to overall losses in solar cell efficiency. Our analysis shows that these losses can be greatly reduced by creating a lightly (< 1018 cm−3), uniformly doped emitter that is about 10 µm deep. However, the constraints imposed by current manufacturing techniques, namely using a tube-furnace for solid state dopant diffusion, limits the emitter to a much more highly doped (~ 1020 cm−3) and shallow (< 500 nm) region. A laser-based process by which dopants are diffused in a liquid silicon state can overcome these limitations. In this work, we provide semiconductor device simulations that compare the effects of these two types of emitters on device performance. Then, we used a heat transport model to demonstrate that a focused laser line beam can create a molten region at the surface of a silicon wafer that would allow dopants to diffuse deeply within a short amount of time. We then performed the laser processing with a scanned laser line beam on preheated silicon samples. The resulting junction depth (> 10 µm) is measured by cross-sectional etching and electron beam-induced current measurements. Electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements are used to measure both the depth as well as the dopant profile resulting from the laser-driven process. We also analyse dislocation defects induced by the large thermal gradients inherent to the laser-based process which would greatly limit the device performance.

Current Performance and Preliminary Results of a New14C Extraction Line for Meteorites at the University of Bern

AbstractHere, we introduce a new radiocarbon (14C) extraction line operating at the University of Bern, which was designed and built for the extraction of in situ14C from meteorites. With this system, we achieved two important developments compared to other systems. First, using the MICADAS gas-interface system,14C can directly be measured from the collected CO2gas, i.e., without graphitization of the sample. Second, meteorite sample masses as low as ~0.05 g can be used for high precision and reproducibility. Prior to extraction in an oxygen atmosphere held at a pressure of ~20–30 mbar in an iridium crucible at 1600°C for 40 min, samples were preheated for 1 h in a constant oxygen flow at 500°C and continuous pumping. Gas purification followed the method described previously (e.g., Hippe et al. 2009). While the blank levels for preheated samples are low (&lt;2×104 14C atoms), the blanks for non-preheated samples are high, therefore those results cannot be used. We also report preliminary results for the L-chondrite JaH 073. The terrestrial age of 17.7±0.4 ka is in good agreement with previous results for the same sample of this meteorite, confirming that the extraction line, the gas purification system, and the AMS measurements are all reliable.

The Effect of Processing on Chemical Constituents of Agaricus spp. Mushrooms

Agaricus spp. mushrooms are edible fungi of commercial and medicinal importance. Mushrooms convert nutritionally valueless substances into proteinous food with a very efficient bioconversion. Consumption of mushrooms, has increased substantially due to their delicacy, flavour, nutritional and medicinal value, being considered an excellent source of protein, which can contribute to the formulation of a balanced diet. Three species of Agaricus spp. mushrooms were used in this study: Agaricus campestris (L. ex Fr.), Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) and Agaricus blazei (Murrill). This study aims to examine the effects of blanching, soaking and manufacturing processes (sun drying, oven drying and canning) on some chemical constituents of mushrooms (soluble dry matter, protein and total sugars). The analyses were performed initially at conservation and they were repeated after 6, 12 and 18 months of preservation. Since all treatments caused reduction of the dry matter content, it can be concluded that the smallest decrease during the storage period was recorded by soaked and sun dried A. blazei (1.6 g 100 g-1 FM). The maximum soluble dry matter loss was recorded at blanched and canned A. bisporus (2.8 g 100 g-1 FM). Blanching treatment of preheated (sun dried and oven dried) samples, after storage period, led the protein content to slightly decrease, between 0.4 g 100 g-1 DM and 0.8 g 100 g-1 DM. The smallest decrease of total sugars during the storage period was registered by canned, untreated A. campestris with 1.2 g 100 g-1 DM and the largest decrease was registered by blanched oven dried A. blazei with 2.9 g 100 g-1 DM.

Heat pretreatment of canine samples to evaluate efficacy of imidacloprid\u2009+\u2009moxidectin and doxycycline in heartworm treatment

BackgroundConsidering the recent information on the increase of Dirofilaria immitis antigen detection by rapid assays in canine blood samples after heat treatment, the proposal that immune complexes block D. immitis antigen detection and that macrocyclic lactone + doxycycline (alternative protocol) might lead to increased production of those immune complexes, resulting in the erroneous diagnosis of adult worm elimination, and that there is no recommended adulticide marketed in Brazil, a study was performed to evaluate the interference of moxidectin + doxycycline (moxi-doxy) on diagnostic procedures when heartworm positive dogs are treated with this alternative protocol. Twenty-two naturally infected pet dogs were treated monthly with topical 10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin and with oral doxycycline (10 mg/kg BID/30 days) (moxi-doxy). All the dogs had their microfilaremia level determined prior to the first day of treatment, and were tested every 6 months for microfilariae (Mf) detection prior to heating, and for antigen detection prior to and after heating, the sample.ResultsThe results indicate that the treatment protocol can eliminate adult heartworms as early as 6 months after the first dose, especially in low microfilaremic dogs (< 300 Mf/ml). In this study, all dogs were free of heartworm antigen after 18–24 months of treatment. In a comparison of pre-heated samples and non-heated samples, sample pre-heating increased antigen detection sensitivity, and non-heated samples tended to be antigen-negative earlier than the pre-heated samples, especially when dogs had low microfilaremia levels. These discrepancies were not present in a subsequent sample of the same dog 6 months later.ConclusionsTwo negative antigen test results 6 months apart can be recommended as the criterion to consider when a dog has been cleared of infection. The initial microfilaremia level of a dog can be used to estimate the necessary time frame to end the treatment period.

Abrasive wear of ceramic wear protection at ambient and high temperatures

Ceramic wear protection is often applied in abrasive conditions due to their excellent wear resistance. This is especially necessary in heavy industries conveying large amounts of raw materials, e.g. in steel industry. Some plants also require material transport at high temperatures and velocities, making the need of temperature stable and abrasion resistant wear protection necessary.Various types and wear behaviour of ceramic protection are known. Hence, the goal of this study is to identify the best suitable ceramic materials for abrasive conditions in harsh environments at temperatures up to 950°C and severe thermal gradients. Chamottes, known for their excellent thermal shock resistance are compared to high abrasion resistant ceramic wear tiles and a cost efficient cement-bounded hard compound. Testing was done under high-stress three-body abrasion regime with a modified ASTM G65 apparatus enabling for investigations up to ~950°C. Thereto heated abrasive is introduced into the wear track and also preheated ceramic samples were used and compared to ambient temperature experiments.Results indicate a significant temperature influence on chamottes and the hard compound. While the chamottes benefit from temperature increase, the cement-bounded hard compound showed its limitation at abrasive temperatures of 950°C. The high abrasion resistant wear tiles represented the materials with the best wear resistance and less temperature influence in the investigated range.

Equation of state of Mo from shock compression experiments on preheated samples

We present a reanalysis of reported Hugoniot data for Mo, including both experiments shocked from ambient temperature (T) and those preheated to 1673 K, using the most general methods of least-squares fitting to constrain the Grüneisen model. This updated Mie-Grüneisen equation of state (EOS) is used to construct a family of maximum likelihood Hugoniots of Mo from initial temperatures of 298 to 2350 K and a parameterization valid over this range. We adopted a single linear function at each initial temperature over the entire range of particle velocities considered. Total uncertainties of all the EOS parameters and correlation coefficients for these uncertainties are given. The improved predictive capabilities of our EOS for Mo are confirmed by (1) better agreement between calculated bulk sound speeds and published measurements along the principal Hugoniot, (2) good agreement between our Grüneisen data and three reported high-pressure γ(V) functions obtained from shock-compression of porous samples, and (3) very good agreement between our 1 bar Grüneisen values and γ(T) at ambient pressure recalculated from reported experimental data on the adiabatic bulk modulus Ks(T). Our analysis shows that an EOS constructed from shock compression data allows a much more accurate prediction of γ(T) values at 1 bar than those based on static compression measurements or first-principles calculations. Published calibrations of the Mie-Grüneisen EOS for Mo using static compression measurements only do not reproduce even low-pressure asymptotic values of γ(T) at 1 bar, where the most accurate experimental data are available.