Preferred Texture Research Articles

The effect of multi-step cycles on the surface properties of Ni-TiO2 coatings produced by pulse current electrodeposition

ABSTRACT In this study, the Ni-TiO2 coatings were deposited on copper substrates by pulse plating. The effect of multi-step current cycles on the metallurgical properties of produced coatings was investigated. The results showed that the values of applied currents within the periods significantly affect the surface properties of all coatings. Using the negative current cycles, the surface morphologies completely changed from regular and compact to irregular, compared to the deposits that did not have a negative cycle in the coating process. Also, the surface roughness increased by 1.5 times in the best case. Applying the 8-step cycle increased the percentage of TiO2 content inside the Ni-TiO2 layer from 13.13 vol.% to 31.58%. The corrosion and wear analysis results showed that the coating applied by a 4-step cycle with a 90-second off time has the best properties. Therefore, the corrosion and wear properties were not necessarily directly related to the participation percentage of TiO2 particles. Compact morphology with high current efficiency, wide distribution of TiO2 particles (6.31 vol.%) with minimal agglomeration, low coating roughness (Ra = 0.32 µm), high hardness value (436 Vickers), and the participation of (111) plane in the preferred texture improved the corrosion and wear behaviour of the optimal coating.

Optimization of pulse electrodeposition parameters for enhanced resistance to corrosion and hydrogen permeation of zinc coatings

Corrosion and hydrogen permeation resistance of pulse electrodeposited Zn coatings were correlated with coating micro-texture and strain. The maximum and minimum corrosion resistance were noted for D6F75 (duty cycle 60; frequency 75 Hz) and D8F25 (duty cycle 80; frequency 25 Hz), respectively. The D6F75 coating exhibited a higher fraction of low-energy low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and a preferred texture of (31¯2¯1) whereas the D8F25 coating exhibited comparatively low LAGBs fractions and(21¯1¯0) orientation. High resistance to hydrogen permeation exhibited by the D6F75 coating was attributed to hydrogen trapping within the coating, which reduced the micro-strain within the coating and diminished the hydrogen concentration gradient, thereby promoting greater surface recombination.

In ovo feeding of l-arginine and selenium nanoparticles influences post-hatch growth, muscle development, antioxidant status, and meat quality in slow-growing chickens.

This study investigated the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of l-arginine (L-Arg), selenium nanoparticles (SeNP), and a combination of L-Arg and SeNP on the hatchability, post-hatch growth, muscle development, antioxidant status, and meat quality of slow-growing chickens. On day 18 of incubation, a total of 960 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 60 eggs each: (1) non-injected control group (Control), (2) injected with 1% of L-Arg (IOF_L-Arg), (3) injected with 0.3 µg/egg of SeNP (IOF_SeNP), and (4), injected with 1% of L-Arg and 0.3 µg/egg of SeNP (IOF_L-Arg + SeNP). A completely randomized design was used. After hatching, 640 mixed-sex chicks were allocated to 4 treatment groups and split into 4 replicate pens (40 birds per pen). All groups of chicks were fed with commercial feed ad libitum until they reached 63 d of age and were subsequently weighed and slaughtered. The results of the present study showed that hatchability was similar among treatments. Final BW or breast muscle yield was not affected (P > 0.05) by IOF treatment. Chickens treated with IOF_L-Arg + SeNP exhibited decreased feed conversion ratio, drip loss, and increased protein content in breast meat (P < 0.05). The IOF_L-Arg + SeNP group exhibited a higher density of breast muscle fibers than the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, in ovo feeding of L-Arg combined with SeNP resulted in improved feed efficiency and enhanced antioxidant capacity at hatch without any adverse effects on chicken hatchability, health, or subsequent growth. Furthermore, meat from chickens in the IOF_L-Arg + SeNP group exhibited a preferable texture with a higher protein content.

Influence of textural variability on plastic response of porous crystal embedded in polycrystalline aggregate: A crystal plasticity study

Damage evolution in polycrystalline aggregates is complicated by the intricate interplay of crystallographic orientation of the porous grain and the surrounding anisotropic matrix. Therefore, formulation of design rules and damage models for polycrystalline materials proves daunting due to relative lack of thorough understanding of the underlying heterogeneity at the mesoscale. This work explores the orientation dependent void growth in a porous crystal embedded in an anisotropic polycrystalline matrix with different initial textures. Polycrystalline face-centered cubic based aggregate is simulated within the framework of crystal plasticity finite element method. Porosity is first modeled in the form of a single pre-existing spherical void in the central grain of the randomly oriented polycrystal. One-hundred crystallographic orientations of the central grain in three-dimensional Euler space are analyzed to reveal the orientation dependent trends of the porous grain. To account for textural variability, the analysis is repeated for polycrystals exhibiting preferred textures like Cube, Brass, Copper and Goss. In this manner, interesting orientation dependent trends in basic tenets of void growth like yield strength, coalescence strain and porosity evolution are unraveled across various polycrystalline textures. To account for spatial heterogeneity as well, porosity in the central grain is then re-distributed and the aforementioned analysis is repeated for all the crystallographic orientations of the central grain embedded in polycrystals with different textures. Owing to the large amount of data thus generated, statistical analysis is invoked to identify stimulating trends and key statistical variables governing the strength and toughness. Consequently, a statistical void growth model is also presented by assessing the CP simulation results and identifying suitable distribution function governing the growth of voids in polycrystals. The modeling framework is expected to inform porous plasticity models aimed at capturing damage evolution in porous grains embedded in polycrystalline materials exhibiting topological and crystallographic anisotropy.

Modelling convectional oven drying characteristics and energy consumption of dehydrated yam (Dioscorea rotundata) chips

The influence of pre-treatments and different dehydrating temperatures on the drying dynamics, energy consumption, and quality attribute of yam chips was studied. Dehydration was executed employing a convectional oven dryer under four temperatures (50, 60, 70, and 80 °C) and 2.0 m/s air velocity. Yam chips were subjected to pre-treatment conditions of blanching (for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min), citric acid (1 and 5 %), and ascorbic acid (1 and 5 %) solutions whereas, untreated yam chips samples served as the control. Dehydrated yam chips were further assessed for textural and colour properties. The drying rate was found to be faster at a higher temperature of 80 °C compared to lower temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 °C. The asymptotic model was established to be the suitable descriptive model for predicting moisture profile in the pre-treated yam chips based on highest R2 values (0.995–0.999), lowest χ2 values (4.422–18.498), and the root mean square error (RMSE) values (2.103–4.30). Pre-treatment and drying temperature had a significant (p <0.05) impact on the hardness and colour of dehydrated yam chips. Blanching at 4 min yielded yam chips with most preferred texture (hardness: 81.3 N) and lightness (L*) in colour values (71.07 %) after drying compared to other pre-treated samples. The effective moisture diffusivity values of the pre-treated samples were in the range of 5.17294 × 10−9m2/s to 1.10143 × 10−8m2/s for 5 % citric acid samples at 50 °C and all pre-treated samples at 80 °C respectively. The general findings of the study indicated a least energy usage of 43.68 kWh as a cost-effective method of drying. Also, 4 min blanching, 5 % citric acid, and 1 % ascorbic acid at 80 °C were found to be the optimum conditions for pre-treating yam chips based on lower energy level consumption rates and improved sensory properties thus attributing to the quality of the dried yam chips.

여성 패션 가방 원단의 텍스쳐(Texture) 디자인에 따른 소비자의 구매 의사 결정에 관한 연구

With the rapid development of modern society, the fabric of bag products is constantly updated, and the purchasing behavior of consumers is constantly changing. This study investigated the effect of the texture design of women's fashion bag fabric on consumers' purchasing decisions by applying the value-attitude-action(VAB) model to adult women aged 18 to 60 in China. According to the analysis results, when looking at consumers' preference for the fabric texture of women's fashion bags, they preferred artificial leather harmonies in homogeneous coordination types, smooth PVC and natural leather in heterogeneous coordination types, and they preferred glitter and spangle textures most in homogeneous coordination. Looking at consumers' preferences for women's bag texture types by age group, those aged 18 to 29 preferred homogeneous coordination of chuede and natural leather, heterogeneous contrast coordination of coarse and smooth natural leather, and those aged 30 to 39 preferred coarse Gretel and smooth natural leather, and those aged 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 preferred rough texture and rough natural leather. According to the analysis of the effect of the texture design of women's fashion bag fabric on consumers' purchasing decisions, it was found that all of the texture designs of women's fashion bag fabric had a significant influence on consumers' purchasing decisions. Among them, heterogeneous harmonious coordination has the greatest impact on consumer value, homogeneous harmonious coordination has the greatest impact on consumer attitudes, and homogeneous contrast coordination has the greatest impact on consumer behavior.

Microstructural contribution to the magnetic anisotropy in Fe 1−x Ga x thin films: correlation between crystallographic texture and magnetic response

In this study, we present a systematic analysis of the relation between the structural properties and magnetic anisotropies of as-grown and heat-treated polycrystalline Fe 1−x Ga x (0.11 <x< 0.19) thin films deposited on glass and Si(100) substrates. The results show that the crystallographic texture of the films has a significant impact on the evolution of the magnetic anisotropies. The samples grown on glass do not exhibit a preferred texture while, for samples grown on Si(100), the appearance of a weak in-plane fourfold magnetic anisotropy is reported. Such anisotropy is enhanced and better defined in the heat treated samples. Via a phenomenological model we show that this anisotropy has a microstructural origin. These findings demonstrate the possibility of tuning magnetic anisotropies by growing on different substrates and/or performing thermal treatments, which in turn reinforces the possibility of developing smart magnetic switching materials for electronic applications.

Physicochemical and sensory analysis of instant corn porridge made from nixtamalized waxy corn [Analisis sifat fisikokimia dan sensoris bubur jagung instan berbahan dasar jagung pulut nikstamal

Waxy corn is a commodity that can be developed into various food products; one is instant porridge, which only requires a short cooking preparation process because it has undergone previous processing. This research aimed to determine the physicochemical and sensory properties of instant porridge made from nixtamalized waxy corn. This research used a completely randomized factorial design (CRFD). The first factor was soaking time (30, 60, and 90 minutes), and the second was pregelatinization time (5, 10, and 15 minutes). The results showed that soaking and pregelatinization time significantly affected rehydration capacity, rehydration time, and viscosity. In contrast, the effect on syneresis and sensory properties was only affected by one of the factors. Instant nixtamalized corn porridge with a soaking time of 90 minutes and a pregelatinization time of 15 minutes was the best instant nixtamalized corn porridge with highest rehydration capacity (5.78 ml/g), calcium content (66.80 mg/L), and viscosity (3850 cP), smallest syneresis value (29.94%), and shortest rehydration time (2.19 minutes), with a neutral taste preference, while the panelists somewhat preferred color, texture, and aroma.

Tailoring nano-heterogeneity to enhance magnetostriction in Goss grain-oriented Fe81Ga19 alloy thin sheets by aging treatment

The magnetostriction of Fe–Ga thin sheets can be significantly improved by secondary recrystallization, but the effect of the nano-heterogeneity on the magnetostriction of Fe–Ga thin sheets with preferred texture is still an open question. This paper studies the feasibility of tailoring nano-heterogeneity to enhance the magnetostriction of <001>-oriented Fe–Ga thin sheets by aging treatment. The secondary recrystallization of Goss ({110}<001>) texture with magnetostriction of 220 ± 12 ppm is achieved in Fe81Ga19 thin sheets after annealing at 950 °C. The magnetostriction and magnetic properties exhibit nonlinear changes with the increase of aging temperature. A peak magnetostriction of 244 ± 5 ppm is obtained in Fe81Ga19 thin sheets after aging at 450 °C, about 11% more than that of Fe–Ga thin sheets after secondary recrystallization. The effect of aging treatment on the magnetostriction of Fe–Ga thin sheets depends on the characteristics of the nano-scale L60 phase and causes lattice distortion. The increase of the volume fraction of the nano-scale L60 phase at the aging temperature of 450 °C leads to a much larger distortion and enhancement of the magnetostriction. As the aging temperature is lower than 400 °C or higher than 550 °C, the decrease of volume fraction or the coarsening of L60 phases, respectively, results in the decrease in the distortion of the A2 matrix.

Unveiling the formation of gradient microstructure in the magnesium alloy sheet fabricated via turned-bearing extrusion

On certain occasions, such as bending, a sheet with gradient microstructure may present higher formability compared to one with uniform microstructure. In this study, the formation of gradient microstructure in AZ31 alloy sheets extruded by the asymmetric die is comprehensively investigated. The results exhibit the microstructure evolution undergoes three stages, namely the initial dynamic recrystallization (DRX), abnormal grain growth (AGG), and the secondary DRX. After the initial DRX, the microstructure is fine and uniform, and the transverse direction (TD) preferred texture is formed due to the initiation of non-basal slip. Owing to the high extrusion temperature, AGG occurs after the initial DRX. The grains with basal texture are engulfed by the grains with TD-preferred texture. During the AGG, the grain size is coarsened from 11.4 μm to 382.1 μm. As the material flows through the die bearing, the secondary DRX occurs near the corner of the die. Ascribed to the gradient strain near the bearing, the grains near the bottom surface of the sheet are refined again, while those near the other side inherit the large sizes from grown grains. Ultimately, the extruded sheet exhibits gradient microstructure along the thickness direction, i.e. normal direction (ND). The gradient-distributed plastic strain and strain rate are the main causes of gradient microstructure.

Laser Melting of Mechanically Alloyed FeNi: A Study of the Correlation between Microstructure and Texture with Magnetic and Physical Properties.

The current study attempts to establish the interrelation between microstructure and magnetic properties induced during laser melting of the FeNi alloy. This study demonstrates the optimization of laser parameters for defect-free, uniform, and chemically homogeneous FeNi alloy synthesis. Mechanically alloyed FeNi (50-50 atom %) powders obtained after 12 and 24 h milling, with average particle sizes of 15 and 7 μm, were used as starting materials. It was found that the optimum range of laser power density for synthesis of dense and defect-free solids is between 1 and 1.4 J/mm2. For laser melting under similar conditions, 12 h milled FeNi powder produces a larger grain (∼100 μm) with a preferred texture of (001), compared to 25 μm grain size in 24 h milled FeNi, with random texture. Smaller grain size is correlated with higher resistance to domain wall movement, resulting in higher coercivity and remanence in the laser-melted samples prepared from 24 h of milled powder. The presence of microtexture in laser-melted samples prepared from 12 h milled powder is related to a higher anisotropy.

Absorber texture and the efficiency of polycrystalline thin film CdTe solar cells

A range of microstructural changes occur during the deposition and activation of CdTe based thin film solar cells. In particular, the cadmium chloride (CdCl2) activation treatment results in wholesale recrystallisation which transforms the conversion efficiency of the solar cell. One of the noticeable effects is the change of preferred orientation of the CdTe absorber. Highly orientated [111] texture is observed in as deposited or under-treated CdTe based devices. Optimized activation results in a more randomized texture and the [111] preferred texture component is significantly weakened. In this paper we use Electron Backscatter Diffraction to characterise absorber cross-sections. The focus is on how randomization of the absorber texture reflects device performance. We have had access to a range of CdTe devices using a variety of deposition techniques. We have observed a clear pattern that shows that devices with a highly orientated [111] texture have poor efficiency. Devices with a randomized texture have much higher efficiency. Here we illustrate this empirical correlation using devices deposited by Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition with a range of efficiencies from 13.1 % to 17 %. We have also included the analysis of an absorber from a 18.7 % high efficiency CdSeTe/CdTe device to show that texture is similarly important in these advanced devices. We have been able to quantify the effect of texture by using multiples of uniform density or (MUD) values from the inverse pole figures. MUD figures close to 1 correlate with highest efficiency. Although the random texture of the absorber microstructure is only one of several important process factors, it appears to be a necessary feature for highest efficiency CdTe-based polycrystalline solar cells.

Fabrication and characterization of Ni-TiO2 and Ni-V2O5 single-layer and double-layer coatings with the approach of improving the wear and corrosion properties

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the metallurgical behavior of Ni-TiO2 and Ni-V2O5 single-layer coatings and compare them with Ni-TiO2/Ni-V2O5 and Ni-V2O5/Ni-TiO2 double-layer coatings. The general attitude is the optimal choice of coatings in terms of wear and corrosion properties. The dimensions of TiO2 and V2O5 ceramic powders were 20 nm and 500 nm, respectively, and their morphology was also different. The presence of the submicron V2O5 particles was more than the TiO2 nanoparticles in the nickel matrix deposit. Also, with double layering the coatings (Ni-TiO2/Ni-V2O5 and Ni-V2O5/Ni-TiO2), the presence of ceramic particles in the upper layer had increased compared to the same single-layer coatings. Therefore, the increase in the hardness of the deposits was directly related to the percentage of ceramic powders in the coating. The surface morphology of the Ni-TiO2 layers was formed as a cauliflower shape while the Ni-V2O5 deposits had a smooth morphology. Increasing participation of TiO2 particles in the Ni-TiO2 layer had made the morphology rougher. Also, by applying the Ni-TiO2 layer under the Ni-V2O5 deposit, the surface morphology of the Ni-V2O5 layer became smooth, which can be due to the increase in the V2O5 content in this layer. The lowest amount of fluctuation appeared in the roughness profiles related to the Ni-V2O5 layers, and the large fluctuation range in the Ni-TiO2 layers was due to the smooth and cauliflower structure, respectively. The crystallite size in double-layer coatings was smaller than the single-layer coatings due to the higher nucleation and growth rate of nickel deposition in the nickel matrix upper layers. According to the presented results, the Ni-V2O5 and Ni-V2O5/Ni-TiO2 coatings were the most wear resistant coatings. Also, the Ni-V2O5/Ni-TiO2 and Ni-TiO2/Ni-V2O5 double-layer coatings were suitable candidates for corrosion resistance and to consider both properties, Ni-V2O5/Ni-TiO2 was very suitable. Hardness, surface morphology, roughness, preferred planar texture, and ceramics powder participation were important parameters in determining the wear and corrosion properties of coatings. Also, it seems that the effect of the double layering of nickel matrix deposits on the metallurgical properties was greater than the dimensions of the ceramic particles participating in the coating.

Quality Characteristics of Butter Sponge Cakes Added with Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC)

This study investigated the quality characteristics of butter sponge cakes added with whey protein concentrate (WPC)(0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 100%) added as a fat substitute. The density of the dough of butter sponge cakes significantly increased with higher levels of added WPC and the pH decreased (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =248.38, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;.001). The moisture content also decreased significantly (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =3.151, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .05). However, the volume (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =9.556, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;.01) and specific volume (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =11.15, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;.001) significantly increased. With respect to color, there was no significant difference in the lightness (L) value of the crumb, but the redness (a) value increased significantly with higher levels of added WPC (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =12.616, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .001), while the yellowness (b) value decreased significantly (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =4.550, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;.01). Regarding the crust, the L values (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =3.791, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;.01) and b values (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =7.000, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;.001) decreased significantly with higher levels of added WPC, while the (a) values increased significantly (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =4.706, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;.01). The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the raw WPC used in the manufacture of butter sponge cakes was found to be 27.45%, but this increased significantly as the amount of WPC added to butter sponge cakes increased (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; =45.237, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;.001). In a consumer preference test, the flavor, appearance, texture, odor, and overall acceptability were highest in the case of WPC-10 when taking advantage of the functional advantages of WPC as a lowfat substitute, confirming the development potential and optimal amount of WPC that should be added to butter sponge cakes.

Microstructural, Phase, and Thermophysical Stability of CrMoNbV Refractory Multi-Principal Element Alloys

Structural survivability of refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) at high temperatures hinges on a combination of microstructure, phase, and thermophysical stabilities. In this study, we investigate the high-temperature stability of three compositions from the CrMoNbV system: Cr7Mo18Nb35V40, Cr25Mo25Nb25V25, and Cr40Mo45Nb10V5. The microstructure, high-temperature phase stability, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and yield strength were evaluated up to 1300oC. Results show that all three as-cast compositions have dendritic microstructures with an average grain size of ~100µm and no preferred texture. High-temperature analysis of phase stability shows that Cr7Mo18Nb35V40 maintains a single-phase BCC structure from room temperature up to 1300oC, while Cr25Mo25Nb25V25 forms an undesirable C15 Laves phase and Cr40Mo45Nb10V5 exhibits BCC phase separation. The CTE measured was 9.58, 9.52 and 8.80 ppm/oC, and the yield strength at 1250oC was 503, 629 and 628MPa for Cr7Mo18Nb35V40, Cr25Mo25Nb25V25 and Cr40Mo45Nb10V5, respectively. The low density, CTE and high-temperature yield strength of the three alloys sets the CrMoNbV system above current superalloys. More importantly, the microstructural, phase, and thermophysical stabilities of the Cr7Mo18Nb35V40 alloy over the equiatomic and Cr-rich alloys highlight the importance of high-temperature survivability over yield strength as an RMPEA design principle.

Pengaruh Proporsi Terigu dan Tepung Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) Terhadap Karakteristik Brownis Panggang

Brownies is a soft textured cake with a distinctive chocolate flavor. This study aims to determine the effect of adding breadfruit flour on the characteristics of brownies and determine the right proportion ofbreadfruit flour to produce brownies with the best characteristics. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with the addition of breadfruit flour consisting of 6 treatment levels: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 experimental units. Data were analyzed using variance and in the treatment which showed a significant effect followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the addition of breadfruit flour had a significant effect on water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, hedonic tests (color, texture, taste and aroma) and scoring tests (texture and taste). The addition of breadfruit flour as much as 15% produces the best product with the characteristics of a moisture content of 17.19%, ash content of 1.55%, protein content of 4.46%, fat content of 27.40%, carbohydrate content of 49.38%, crude fiber content of 8 .50%, preferred color, preferred soft texture, preferred brownie distinctive taste, preferred aroma and preferred overall acceptability.

Remote sensing methods for striped marine oil spill detection in narrow ship channels

Maritime transport is the backbone of international trade and the global economy. With the increasing frequency of maritime transport, oil spills are on the rise and so is the risk of oil spills in shipping lanes. Therefore, timely oil spill monitoring at the ship channel is of far-reaching significance for marine disaster prevention and control. This study selects oil spill in the ship channel of the northern Yellow Sea as an example and proposes an object-oriented fuzzy logic classification method combining selected multi-feature parameters based on Sentinel-2 data. Firstly, sensitive bands for oil spills are selected to perform multi-scale segmentation of the oil spill object. Then, 30 samples of oil spill objects were uniformly selected in the oil spill area and the average fuzzy membership values were calculated using 11 membership functions by combining the preferred spectral, geometric, texture, and custom features. Finally, five fuzzy logic operators are used to achieve the final classification, while the oil spill misclassification information is processed and compared with the pixel-based SVM and RF algorithms for accuracy. The experimental results show that the oil spill detection based on the “AND” operator is the best compared to other fuzzy operators, with an overall accuracy of 85.19% and a KAPPA coefficient of 0.753. Relative to the pixel-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms, the overall accuracy was improved by 15.66% and 11.25%, respectively, and the KAPPA coefficients were improved by 0.072 and 0.161, respectively. The method is feasible for oil spill detection at ship channels and provides technical support for future marine oil spill detection work.

The effect of catfish oil (Pangasius sp.) addition on physical and chemical characteristics of rice bran oil mayonnaise

Rice bran oil (RBO) and catfish oil (CFO) have high unsaturated fatty acids that are good for health. Mayonnaise products are made mostly from oil. Adding catfish oil and rice bran oil to the mayonnaise will add nutritional value to the product. This study aimed to determine the effect ratio of CFO:RBO on the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of mayonnaise. This research used a completely randomized design with one factor, that is ratio of RBO:CFO (74:0, 66.6:7.4, 59.2:14.8, 51.8:22.2 and 44.4:29.6) (% w/w). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance method and continued by Duncan's multiple range tests (α=0.05). The research showed that the ratio of RBO:CFO significantly affected chemical and sensory characteristics but not physical characteristics. Mayonnaise in the % ratio of RBO:CFO = 59.2%:14.8% was the best formula. The selected mayonnaise has foaming capacity, foaming stability, total phenol, moisture, ash, protein, fat, and calorie content of 6.127%, 98.844%, 0.863%, 16.089%, 0.441%, 0.718%, 90% and 718.92 kcal/100 g, respectively. Panelists indicate their level of preference for the color, aroma, texture, and overall mayonnaise at a preference value between 3.067- 3.867.

Oral acuity, particle size sensitivity, and food texture preferences in an older adult population

Changes in sensory sensitivity occur as we age but changes in food texture sensitivity in the older adult population remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between oral tactile acuity, mouth behaviour, and particle size sensitivity and their potential influence on preferred food textures in older adults. Older adults (n = 79; mean age = 69.7 yrs) participated in an evaluation of oral health and texture perception through survey measurements of mouth behaviour, and preferred food textures. Oral tactile acuity was assessed using the Grating Orientation Task (GOT) with three grating sizes (0.5, 0.75, and 1.5 mm). Food particle sensitivity was evaluated through a difference-from-control (DFC) sensory assessment of ground quinoa mixed into yogurt, utilizing three particle size ranges (<75, 150–250, and 500–600 μm). The results revealed that the sample containing 500–600 mm particle sizes yielded a higher difference (DFC) score compared to the samples with < 75 μm and 150–250 μm particles (p < 0.05). However, no significant relationship (p > 0.05) was found between the R-indices obtained from the GOT assessments and DFC scores, indicating no association between oral tactile acuity and particle size sensitivity. Liking ofcreamy, leafy, slippery, sticky, with skins,andcombinationfood textures was significantly positively associated with the 0.5 mm GOT tool R-index values, suggesting higher oral acuity influences liking of specific food textures. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were present in liking of food textures among different mouth behaviour groups. These results suggest that texture perception and sensitivity influence texture acceptance in older adults.

A study on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of PVD TiAlN/TiAlCrSiN deposited on Re doped Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Re doped TiCN-based cermet substrates were prepared and coated with bilayer TiAlN/TiAlCrSiN to investigate the influencing mechanism of Re on structural evolution and mechanical performance of substrates and coatings. The results showed the grain size of hard phase particles decreased with the increase of Re content. The existence form of Re in cermets was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and energy spectrum analysis (EDS). Conclusions could be drawn that Re existed in solid solution and free state. Meanwhile, fcc-Co expanded to form hcp-Co structure, and twins was detected. According the generalized stacking fault energy (GSFE) curves calculated by first principles, it showed that the dissolution of Re into Co reduced the stable SFE γsf, unstable twinning SFE γut and twinning SFE γtsf of fccCo, promoting the formation of hcp-Co and twins. Cermets containing 0 wt% Re exhibited the strong preferred textures of {001}. However, the preferred orientation was obviously weakened in cermets containing 5 wt% Re, which indicated Re added into ceramic metals could restrain the preferred growth of {001} textures. The nanoindentation curves showed coatings on substrates with 5 wt% Re had the highest nanohardness value of 31.258GPa, which attributed to Re diffusion into TiAlCrSiN/TiAlN and refinement of core-rim grains. However, it was found that coatings on cermets with 5 wt% Re showed the lowest bonding strength due to the huge lattice structural difference between fcc-TiAlCrSiN and hcp-co substrate. In conclusion, bilayer TiAlCrSiN/TiAlN coatings deposited on TiCN-based cermets with 3 wt% Re possessed the best comprehensive performance, combining the various factors such as nanohardness, surface roughness, bonding strength and wear resistance.