Preference Survey Research Articles

A behavioral explanation of the activity-space segregation: Individuals’ preference of choosing an activity destination

The difference in the individuals’ preference of activity destination choice is a new explanation for the activity-space segregation. This study investigates individuals’ preference in the destination choice for their daily activities. It uses revealed preference survey for the choice of the activity destination, and mobile phone dataset for the ambient population at the activity destination in Guangzhou, China. It has found that (1) the activity-space segregation is strongly influenced by the residential segregation, but disadvantaged populations are more spatially constrained by the distance decay effect; (2) all individuals prefer a destination with high diversity of built environment; and (3) migrant people tend to be self-segregated at the activity space, but people with higher education status prefer to take activities at an integrated place.

Statistical modelling of travel mode choice of public university students in Freetown, Sierra Leone: the case of three campuses

ABSTRACT Though much research has been conducted on students’ travel behavior around the world, not much is known about university students in Sierra Leone. This study investigates the most common transport modes amongst public university students, the factors influencing their preference, and the impact of their choice on the environment. Through a Revealed Preference survey, using the traditional paper-and-pencil method combined with a smartphone-assisted interviewing technique, 632 students were sampled. Discrete travel choice models were developed and estimated, and the methodology was demonstrated for the three campuses under the University of Sierra Leone. The study found that more than one-third of students preferred the paratransit mode, ‘podapoda’, followed by taxi, two and three-wheelers. According to the mode choice model results and exploratory analysis, sociodemographics, travel time, cost, and trip distance are the main factors considered by students’ for selecting a transport mode. Students varied widely in their assessment of how their mode choice affects the environment. These findings highlight the need for a sustainable transport system for university trips. Acquiring appropriate transport modes, promoting active travel, and developing student residences with shorter commutes will ensure long-term land management. This will promote the sociocultural, economic, educational, and ecological aspects of campus growth.

Versatile Use of V-Y Advancement Flap for Facial Defect Reconstruction: A Case Series in Asian Patients.

V-Y advancement flap (VYAF) is a commonly used flap for facial reconstruction, but it is not popular in Asian society with limited aesthetic outcome evaluation. To demonstrate our experience of facial VYAF with the quantitative aesthetic outcome assessment. From January 2013 to December 2022, patients who underwent facial VYAF reconstruction were reviewed. Postoperative photographs were collected and independently graded by three plastic surgeons, three nurses, and six non-medical personnel using Manchester scar scale (MSS). The representative preoperative images were selected for surgeons' reconstruction preferences survey. Forty-eight patients (27 females and 21 males), with a mean age of 66.8 (23-97) years, were included in this study. All flaps survived with no flap necrosis. Only six patients (12.5%) developed minor postoperative complications, and they were treated conservatively and resolved uneventfully. The total MSS score was 7.8 ± 1.9 (scale of 4 [best scar] to 24 [worst scar]) and the overall scar VAS rating was 1.9 ± 1.1 (0 [best scar] to 10 [worst scar]), indicating satisfactory postoperative scar condition. From the survey of 22 plastic surgeons and 11 scenarios, VYAF was rarely chosen among other local flaps which only accounted for 8.7%. VYAF is an easy and safe method for facial reconstruction with low morbidity, but its usefulness is underappreciated. With a proper design and cautious dissection, we believe that good aesthetic and functional outcomes can be achieved with VYAF. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Information and Communication Technology-Based Application for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Insomnia: Development and Validation Study.

This study developed an information and communication technology-based mobile application to administer cognitive behavioral therapy to community-dwelling older adults with insomnia. First, the content of the application was determined through a systematic review and preference survey. Preference data on the perception, needs, and preference for non-face-to-face service content were collected from 15 July 2021 to 31 August 2021 from 100 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. In the design stage, the structure and function of the application were determined, and an interface was designed. The application was developed in conjunction with design experts and programmers using Android Studio software (Android 9). Usability tests were conducted during the implementation stage, followed by an evaluation stage. The evaluation revealed that the application's structure and functions should comprise sleep information, sleep-habit improvement, sleep assistance, video, real-time counseling, and exercise services. These elements were finalized after receiving the results of a preference analysis and advice from an advisory panel of experts in different fields. The developed application was rated with a score of four or higher in all areas. This study successfully developed, implemented, and evaluated a new mobile application called Smart Sleep for community-dwelling older adults with insomnia.

COVID-19, Shifting Urban Growth Dynamics and Preferences for Regional Living in Australia

ABSTRACT Stated preference surveys and qualitative engagement were used to examine the potential for change in Australian urban growth dynamics. We found that residents with strong preferences for large and mid-sized cities appear unlikely to change their preferences. However, 21 percent of individuals currently living in large cities were open to moving to mid-sized cities. 54 percent of respondents placed a high importance on quality of life, local healthcare, and affordable housing. Employment is a pivotal barrier to relocation. To encourage regional growth, we recommend: developing local employment, supporting remote work, investing in post-retirement living infrastructure, and increasing local educational services.

Treatment preferences and current practices regarding open tibial shaft fractures.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the treatment preferences and current practices regarding open tibial shaft fracture (OTSF). Online surveys of treatment preferences and current practice of OTSF were conducted by orthopedic trauma doctors from various medical institutions in Zhejiang Province. The survey contains three modules. The first module is the basic information of the participants, the second module is the treatment patterns for Gustilo-Anderson type I-II (GA I/II), and the third module is the treatment patterns for Gustilo-Anderson type IIIA (GA IIIA). Furthermore, each treatment pattern was divided into four aspects, including antibiotic prophylaxis, irrigation and debridement, fracture stabilization, and wound management. A total of 132 orthopedic trauma doctors from 41 hospitals in Zhejiang province, participated the online surveys. In GA I-IIIA OTSF, more than three-quarters of participants considered <3 h as the appropriate timing of antibiotic administration after trauma. In fact, only 41.67% of participants administered antibiotics within 3 h after trauma. 90.91 and 86.36% of participants thought debridement within 6 h was reasonable for GA I/II and GA IIIA OTSF, respectively. However, in reality only about half of patients received debridement within 6 h on average. The most common reason for delayed debridement was patients' transport delay. 87.88 and 97.3% of participants preferred secondary internal fixation following external fixation for GA I/II and GA IIIA OTSF, respectively. Additionally, over half of participants preferred use of locking plate for treating GA I-IIIA OTSF. The most common reasons for choosing delayed internal fixation for GA I-IIIA OTSF were infection risk and damage control. 78.79 and 65.91% supported immediate internal fixation after removing the external fixation for GA I-IIIA OTSF, respectively. Regarding wound closure, 86.36 and 63.64% of participants reported primary closure for GA I/II and GA IIIA OTSF, respectively. Over three fourths of participants agreed that preoperative and postoperative multiple wound cultures should be performed to predict infection for GA I-IIIA OTSF. The study first presents the current preference and practice regarding management of GA I-IIIA OTSF in Zhejiang. Majority of surgeons in our study preferred secondary internal fixation following external fixation for GA I-IIIA OTSF and over half of surgeons preferred use of locking plate for treating GA I-IIIA OTSF. This study may provide a reference for trauma orthopedic surgeons in the treatment of GA I-IIIA OTSF.

The Impacts of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) on a Diverse Society: A Framework for Advanced Assessment

With the latest developments in transportation technologies and services, the concept of MaaS has spawned its way, where consumers can purchase access to different modes and services owned and operated by several mobility service providers through a single integrated digital platform. Nonetheless, the MaaS ecosystem and benefits have not been fully understood yet, which varies case by case depending on the communities' behavioral responses. Qatar is known as one of the countries with a highly diverse population where many expatriate workers come from different cultures. This necessitates a comprehensive mobility arrangement given their various travel needs and diaries. To contribute to a comprehensive analysis of MaaS impact while taking into consideration societies' diversities, this paper aims to develop a framework to assist in evaluating and assessing MaaS design alternatives and their impact on different population segments. This study was conducted by utilizing existing literature findings about MaaS assessment supported by a stated preference (SP) survey from a Qatar case study. We found that there are a limited number of key performance indicators (KPIs) to comprehensively evaluate MaaS social impacts and mobility network efficiency. Therefore, as part of the assessment framework, additional KPIs were introduced for comprehensively evaluating MaaS's direct impact on transport networks and broader implications for social equity, economy, and human well-being. MaaS KPIs should consider reporting by age, monthly income, and ethnic socio-demographic factors. This can serve as a useful guide for diverse communities, particularly in Qatar. Furthermore, outputs from the assessment framework can be used as inputs to evaluate impacts on the MaaS provider's profit-making and business prospects.

A stochastic logistics model for Indonesia's national freight transport model: Transport chain choice from the shipper perspective

This paper presents research towards the development of a stochastic approach for estimating the transport chain choice for domestic shipments in Indonesia. This stochastic model aims to improve the logistics choices within Indonesia's national freight transport model (INTRAMOD), which currently handles such choice deterministically. The INTRAMOD logistics model presents five distinct transport chain possibilities involving four main modes: truck, rail, ship, and plane. To acquire the necessary data, revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) survey work has been undertaken. Using the obtained RP/SP data, multinomial logit (MNL) models have been used to estimate the transport choice model. The model with a single time coefficient was found to be superior to the other models. Additionally, this preferred MNL model was extended by segmenting according to shipment characteristics, particularly for high and low value of goods. The results indicate that shipments with a high value of goods are more sensitive to transport time.

Pimenta ornamental: gosto se discute

ABSTRACT Consumer preference and acceptance surveys associated with genetic improvement programs contribute to greater acceptance of new cultivars, in the competitive and dynamic ornamental plants market. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate Brazilian habits related to the home cul-tivation of Capsicum spp. and preferences regarding four pre-cultivars of ornamental pepper, and the relationship with different socioeconomic factors. A virtual questionnaire containing 18 multiple-choice questions was shared by the authors in their contact networks, via social media and email. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The influence of socioeconomic factors on the respondents' habits and preferences was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The survey included 1045 respondents from all Brazilian states, of all age groups, income levels and education levels. It was found that home cultivation of peppers is widespread throughout Brazil, in rural and urban areas, mostly in pots. Ornamental peppers were widely ac-cepted among men and women of all income classes. Although a greater preference was observed for white flowers and elongated, triangular fruits, with five stages of maturity, regional, social, and economic differences influenced the choice for these attributes. Greater acceptance was also observed for the medium vessel (2 dm3) and the hybrid HPO 03. After registration, this will be an important technological product adapted to Brazilian conditions.

The willingness-to-walk to access public transit in Indonesia

In order to support the implementation of public transportation, an understanding of people’s interest in walking is essential. The farther people’s walking distance means public transportation will have a larger catchment area. This study aims to get parameters that can be used to improve walking distance in Balikpapan (Indonesia). Data collection in this study was carried out through stated preference surveys to 800 respondents divided into 400 motorcycle users and 400 car users. The data were analysed using the Binary Logistics Regression Analysis method, and the result shows that the respondent’s walking distance was 300 meters with a probability of 47% (motorcycle) and 59% (car). The result shows that two aspects significantly influence the willingness to walk, comfort and aesthetics. So, the strategies that are prepared to increase willingness to walk can be started by providing street furniture to support the comfort aspect and planting trees and plants to add aesthetic value.

Parking Survey Design Using Gamification

We present a survey methodology to collect parking behavior data. The survey is a game that exposes respondents to hypothetical parking scenarios including parking information and the possibility of illegal parking. We use incentive mechanisms from the gamification literature. The survey overcomes choice set deficiencies of conventional revealed and stated preference surveys (i.e., large or unavailable choice sets). We record detailed travel and parking decisions and use the data to develop choice models. The Mixed logit model demonstrates significance of parking preference heterogeneity. Respondents are more likely to park legally when provided full information about parking spot status.

Benefits, costs and enabling conditions to achieve ‘water for all’ in rural and remote Australia

Australia will not meet Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1, to “achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all” by 2030, unless water service provision is improved to hundreds of small (less than 10,000 residents), rural and remote (SRR) communities. We have estimated the national benefits of a programme to upgrade drinking water services to ensure ‘good quality’ for 395 Australian SRR communities using a stated preference survey of 3,523 participants reflective of the Australian population. Using multiple model estimates, we calculated the willingness to pay at between AU$324 and AU$847 per Australian household per year for 10 years. Aggregating across the relevant Australian population, we calculated the aggregate willingness to pay for water quality improvements at AU$1.2–4.7 billion yr−1, or AU$8.3–33.2 billion as a 10-year net present value. We further estimated the capital and operating costs to provide ‘good-quality’ drinking water in the 395 SRR communities under three scenarios; the costs range from AU$0.51 to AU$3.29 million per community and, in total, from AU$0.2 billion to AU$1.3 billion.

Impact of Level 4 Automated Vehicles on Mode Choice Using a Needs‐Based Approach

With the emergence of Level 4 automated vehicles, it is necessary to investigate the impact of these vehicles on mode choice. Previous studies have looked at the potential benefits and drawbacks of automated vehicles, but there has been little research done on how these vehicles will impact individuals’ travel behaviors. This paper proposes a needs‐based approach to study the impact of Level 4 automated vehicles on mode choice. The approach takes into consideration the travel needs of different individuals and their willingness to adopt new technologies. Through a stated preference survey in China, the data on travel preferences and the perceived safety levels of automated vehicles can be collected. Then, a model is built to simulate the adoption of Level 4 automated vehicles and estimate the mode split for different scenarios. The results indicated that private AV modes are preferred, and business and nonwork trips may be the targeted market for all AV modes. Overall, value of automation increases with income for private modes, with large variance. Furthermore, Pro‐AV attitude has a positive effect on value of automation, especially for self‐owned AV and AV subscription. Accordingly, the needs‐based approach demonstrates a promising method to study the impact of new technologies on travel behaviors and provides insights for policy makers to promote more sustainable transportation systems.

Potential Demand for E-grocery Delivery Services: The Effect of Delivery Attributes on Consumers Preferences

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the e-grocery sector has experienced a boom in demand. Even now that the emergency is over, consumer demand continues to grow. Therefore, it is helpful to analyze what factors drive consumers' choices and what could be expectations for the near future. This work uses a discrete choice experiment to investigate the potential e-grocery demand (goods and services). For this purpose, a stated and revealed preference survey was developed to highlight the intention to switch from the traditional to the digital market, also considering the consumers' interest toward delivery and collection preference. The results indicate that even though most people are satisfied with their current behavior in the traditional market, the e-grocery market is seen as an opportunity for convenience and flexibility, low fares, and a precise delivery organization for both click and collect or home deliveries that meet the needs of consumers.

Factors influencing the residential location choice of individuals working at an integrated township

The ‘Integrated Township Project’ is an urban development policy scheme by the Government of India to promote mixed land-use and result in reduced trip lengths. This study examines the prevalence of short work trip length scenario and the factors influencing the residential location choice at the Megapolis Township (MGT), Pune, India. The mean work trip length worked out from the trip data collected from individuals working at some of the employment centres in the MGT does not certify the short work trip length scenario as expected. With the help of a Stated Preference (SP) survey data administered on these individuals and the land-use data of Pune, a binary logit model is developed. Mixed land-use, house rental value, household size, and car ownership are found to be the significant factors influencing the residential location choice. This study infers that the promotion of mixed land-use through Integrated Townships coupled with the regulation of house rental prices within the townships can help in reducing work trip lengths. As an alternative to the regulation of house rental prices, provision of incentives to attract the individuals (working at various employment centres in the township) to reside within the township may help in reducing the work trip lengths and thus aid the process of sustainable urban land-use and transport growth. Hence, this study calls for necessary attention regarding the regulation of house rental values or alternative strategies at Integrated Townships to promote short work trip length scenario from policy makers involved in urban infrastructure and transport planning.

Effects of institutional distrust on value estimates of stated preference surveys in developing countries: A choice experiment on conserving biodiversity within agricultural landscapes in a biodiversity hotspot

Effects of institutional distrust on value estimates of stated preference surveys in developing countries: A choice experiment on conserving biodiversity within agricultural landscapes in a biodiversity hotspot

IMPORTANT COMMUNITY FEATURES AND SERVICES IN DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Many cities and towns have tried to create neighborhood environments favorable to older adults. However, it raises the question of whether community aging initiatives reflect the diverse needs of older adults. This study examined how much different types of neighborhood physical and social environments were essential to the life of diverse older adults. This study used data from the 2018 AARP Home and Community Preferences Survey with 762 adults aged 50 and older in the USA (female: 50%; White: 70%, Black: 17%, Hispanic: 12%, other race: 5%). The outcome variables were participants’ rates on the relative importance of seven community features (i.e., outdoor space, housing, transportation, street, social participation, civic engagement, and job). We ran multiple regression analyses to examine the relationships between the importance rating of community features and diverse older populations. Women thought all community features were important in their daily life compared to men, except for transportation. Black and Hispanic older adults valued all seven community features more highly than White older adults. People with disabilities thought housing and civic engagement were essential daily; people who experienced loneliness thought housing, transportation, social participation, and civic engagement were important. This study adds to the growing literature on identifying the diverse needs of older adults in developing and creating age-friendly environments. Community features and services were essential to women and racial and ethnic minority adults. Depending on older adults’ demographic and health-related characteristics, policymakers and practitioners should develop a plan to reflect the diverse needs of older adults.

Analysis of the Potential Economic Impact of Parking Space Comprehensive Utilization on Traditional Business District

This paper investigates the latent classes of parking preference for drivers and the economic effects after implementing Parking Space Comprehensive Utilization (PSC) in traditional business districts (TBD), with a particular focus on the parking preferences of electric vehicle users (EVU). Firstly, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is used to reduce dimensionality and determine the latent structure. Then, based on the Latent Class Model (LCM), the customers are classified, and the proportion of each class under various latent variables is analyzed. Finally, the paper conducts a quantitative analysis of economic effects by considering different psychological factors across different customer classes. With the data obtained from revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) surveys, this paper identifies the customers’ preferences for the three scenarios presented. The results show that (1) customers can be classified into four classes: core customers (CCS, 34%), potential customers (PCS, 29%), regular customers (RCS, 22%), and marginal customers (MCS, 15%), among which EVU do not show a significant preference for parking charging facilities in TBD; (2) the potential economic improvements for these four classes are: 9%, 12%, 8%, and 10%; (3) CCS has the greatest potential to increase store revenue by ¥7041, while PCS has the greatest potential to increase store customer flow by 31%. These findings provide a valuable reference for decision-making by TBD store managers.

The preferences of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on riluzole treatment in Europe

The Patient Preference Survey aims to understand unmet needs related to riluzole management in people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and to identify which characteristics of a new formulation could better match their preferences. The survey involved 117 people with ALS (PALS) treated with riluzole in four European countries. The dysphagic PALS were least satisfied with the riluzole tablet and oral suspension and with ease in self-administration; up to 68% of respondents postponed or missed the treatment due to swallowing difficulties and need of caregiver assistance. Overall, 51% of tablet and 53% of oral suspension users regularly crushed or mixed riluzole with beverages, respectively; PALS who always manipulated riluzole showed low satisfaction with the formulation and considered the risk of choking and pneumonia the most worrisome event. The survey evaluated the driving factors in choosing/switching the therapy: 67% of PALS declared a low risk of choking. The research finally evaluated which attributes of a new formulation would be preferred: the most relevant were ease of use (4.3/5), convenient/portable packaging (4.0/5) and oral-dissolving properties without tongue motility (3.9/5). The Patient Preference Survey suggests that patients have several unmet needs and preferences that could be addressed by a different formulation, e.g. using oral film technologies.

The Impact of Health Status and Experienced Disutility on Air Quality Valuation

This paper examines the impact of health status, and of experienced disutility caused by air pollution, on individuals' preferences regarding the health risk reductions resulting from air quality improvement. We investigate if changes in the level of experienced disutility due to air pollution mediate the relationship between individuals' respiratory health status and their preferences regarding health risk reductions. For this purpose, we conducted a choice experiment study among inhabitants of four big Polish cities that have varying levels of particulate matter pollution. We used the modified Medical Research Council breathlessness scale, verified in clinical trials, to obtain information about respondents’ health status, except for usually applied health status measures in stated preference surveys. We do not find any direct impact of health status (apart from smoking) on willingness to pay for air quality improvement. Our results indicate, however, that individuals who self-reported a respiratory diagnosis, as well as those who scored high on the breathlessness scale, are more likely to display a latent trait indicating experienced disutility due to air pollution, and that those who experience this disutility are, in general, more in favour of air quality improvement programmes.