Preference Rules Research Articles

Personalized ranking online reviews based on user individual preferences

With the development of e-commerce sites, online reviews have become important data resources for e-customers. Nowadays, there have been many literatures on the category of reviews category or ranking for public. However, they only satisfy common preferences, and ignore personalised preferences of individual users. In view of this phenomenon, this paper is trying to put forward a ranking method for individual preferences. It begins with collecting the rules of user preferences by showing reviews to them to let them mark the reviews they like. Then it combines the common rules with user personalised rules to get the range of features. Finally, after calculating the optimal solution of features, the paper strives to structure a ranking model to rank reviews with the set of optimal solution.

Personalised ranking online reviews based on user individual preferences

With the development of e-commerce sites, online reviews have become important data resources for e-customers. Nowadays, there have been many literatures on the category of reviews category or ranking for public. However, they only satisfy common preferences, and ignore personalised preferences of individual users. In view of this phenomenon, this paper is trying to put forward a ranking method for individual preferences. It begins with collecting the rules of user preferences by showing reviews to them to let them mark the reviews they like. Then it combines the common rules with user personalised rules to get the range of features. Finally, after calculating the optimal solution of features, the paper strives to structure a ranking model to rank reviews with the set of optimal solution.

L2₁ and XA Ordering Competition in Hafnium-Based Full-Heusler Alloys Hf₂VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb).

For theoretical designing of full-Heusler based spintroinc materials, people have long believed in the so-called Site Preference Rule (SPR). Very recently, according to the SPR, there are several studies on XA-type Hafnium-based Heusler alloys X2YZ, i.e., Hf2VAl, Hf2CoZ (Z = Ga, In) and Hf2CrZ (Z = Al, Ga, In). In this work, a series of Hf2-based Heusler alloys, Hf2VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), were selected as targets to study the site preferences of their atoms by first-principle calculations. It has been found that all of them are likely to exhibit the L21-type structure instead of the XA one. Furthermore, we reveal that the high values of spin-polarization of XA-type Hf2VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) alloys have dropped dramatically when they form the L21-type structure. Also, we prove that the electronic, magnetic, and physics nature of these alloys are quite different, depending on the L21-type or XA-type structures.

North Indian Classical Music and Lerdahl and Jackendoff’s Generative Theory – a Mutual Regard

This article applies aspects ofA Generative Theory of Tonal Musicby Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff to the analysis of Hindustani (North Indian) classical music, with a double-edged purpose. On the one hand, theGTTMmethodology is used to illuminate the workings of anālāp(as performed by Vijay Rajput, a vocalist in thekhyālstyle). On the other hand, the analysis acts as a case study to assess the viability of this methodology for the analysis of Indian classical music, and in particular, to test out Lerdahl and Jackendoff’s claim thatGTTMpresents a universal musical grammar, transcending specific cultures.This pilot study considers what modifications would be necessary toGTTM’s preference rules to make a viable generative theory for Hindustani classical music—or at least for its melodic aspects, governed as these are by the principles ofrāg. With such modifications, it is possible to formally represent levels of musical knowledge involved in the production and perception of this music, and to verify the generative principles whereby a performer is able to improvise a potentially infinite number of musical utterances from a finite set of rules.The investigation also fosters a critique of Lerdahl and Jackendoff’s theories. Among the questions addressed is that of the diachronic modeling of improvised musical performance—which, unlike the score-based studies ofGTTM, cannot be analyzed entirely outside the flow of time. Consistent with this critical position is the conclusion that, rather than the pursuit of universals per se, it is an openness to the tension between universals and particulars that may lead to the most valuable knowledge.

Preference rules for label ranking: Mining patterns in multi-target relations

In this paper, we investigate two variants of association rules for preference data, Label Ranking Association Rules and Pairwise Association Rules. Label Ranking Association Rules (LRAR) are the equivalent of Class Association Rules (CAR) for the Label Ranking task. In CAR, the consequent is a single class, to which the example is expected to belong to. In LRAR, the consequent is a ranking of the labels. The generation of LRAR requires special support and confidence measures to assess the similarity of rankings. In this work, we carry out a sensitivity analysis of these similarity-based measures. We want to understand which datasets benefit more from such measures and which parameters have more influence in the accuracy of the model. Furthermore, we propose an alternative type of rules, the Pairwise Association Rules (PAR), which are defined as association rules with a set of pairwise preferences in the consequent. While PAR can be used both as descriptive and predictive models, they are essentially descriptive models. Experimental results show the potential of both approaches.

Females' sampling strategy to comparatively evaluate prospective mates in the peacock blenny Salaria pavo.

Emerging evidence suggests the occurrence of comparative decision-making processes in mate choice, questioning the traditional idea of female choice based on rules of absolute preference. In such a scenario, females are expected to use a typical best-of-n sampling strategy, being able to recall previous sampled males based on memory of their quality and location. Accordingly, the quality of preferred mate is expected to be unrelated to both the number and the sequence of female visits. We found support for these predictions in the peacock blenny, Salaria pavo, a fish where females have the opportunity to evaluate the attractiveness of many males in a short time period and in a restricted spatial range. Indeed, even considering the variability in preference among females, most of them returned to previous sampled males for further evaluations; thus, the preferred male did not represent the last one in the sequence of visited males. Moreover, there was no relationship between the attractiveness of the preferred male and the number of further visits assigned to the other males. Our results suggest the occurrence of a best-of-n mate sampling strategy in the peacock blenny.

Greedy Oriented Flows

We investigate the following greedy approach to attack linear programs of type max {1^{T} xmid lle Axle u} where A has entries in {-1,0,1}: The greedy algorithm starts with a feasible solution x and, iteratively, chooses an improving variable and raises it until some constraint becomes tight. In the special case, where A is the edge-path incidence matrix of some digraph G=(V,E), and l=0, this greedy algorithm corresponds to the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm to solve the max (s, t)-flow problem in G w.r.t. edge-capacities u. It is well-known that the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm always terminates with an optimal flow, and that the number of augmentations strongly depends on the choice of paths in each iteration. The Edmonds–Karp rule that prefers paths with fewer arcs leads to a running time of at most |E|^2 augmentations. The paper investigates general types of matrices A and preference rules on the variables that make the greedy algorithm efficient. In this paper, we identify conditions that guarantee for the greedy algorithm not to cycle, and/or optimality of the greedy algorithm, and/or to yield a quadratic (in the number of rows) number of augmentations. We illustrate our approach with flow and circulation problems on regular oriented matroids.

Model of passage of vessels through the waterway section forming the schedule in the course of its implementation

The model of passage of vessels through a section of the waterway is considered, which independently determines the order of passage of vessels with limited capacity of sections of the track. Such a model will consist of a number of standard algorithmic networks. When composing the schedule in the model, the following preference rules were used: first-come-first-served (that is, if the ship occupied the workplace, this decision is not canceled); The rule of the shortest operation; For the swamps the priority of vessels going downstream (the direction of flow from the source to the drain). An algorithmic network that implements the search for an acceptable schedule must implement the following for conflicting operations: the operation that has started is not interrupted; If several operations simultaneously claim for one workplace (port, reach) and their number is greater than its throughput, then the conflict resolution is carried out in accordance with predefined preference rules or based on the user's decision; If the operation is waiting for the release of the workplace, it does not occupy the resource; The resource is returned immediately after the operation is completed. The considered design of algorithmic networks allows to resolve the conflict, with a simultaneous resource request, to take the resource once, remember that it was received and return it after the end of the operation, then the resource receives a contra-controlling operation for execution. However, the use of this design introduces redundancy into the model, even if it is used only for conflicting operations. The model is presented in the language of algorithmic networks and is implemented in the system of modeling automation KOGNITRON.

CHARACTERIZATION OF YOUNG CHILDREN WITH PREFERRED AND NON-PREFERRED GRAPHIC RULE DURING DRAWING

This paper aims to investigate the functional connectivity in brain among young children during employment of preferred and non-preferred rule when drawing basic drawing task using Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) and to determine the most significant parameter in differentiating the two groups using handwriting dynamic features and brain activity based on statistical analysis and principle component analysis (PCA). Twelve subjects between 5 and 6 years old were selected randomly. All subjects were asked to gaze and trace four different unlined shapes. The brain signals were recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG) machine during drawing tasks. Result showed that subjects who employed preferred graphic rule (Control) when performing gazing and tracing tasks were better at visual processing when compared to those that used graphic rule in haphazard fashion. Besides, significant difference was found in frequency domain when subjects used graphic rule in rule governed fashion when compared to relaxing activity. The contrast was found when subject used graphic rule in haphazard fashion. Results from PCA showed most significant parameter (gamma/high gamma) in differentiating between the two groups (employed graphic rule vs. non-graphic) was found in tracing task.

Theoretical and experimental study of the phase formation for Ti2YAl and Ti2Y′Ga (Y = Co, Fe; Y′ = Cr, Fe)

The site preference and phase formation of Ti2YAl and Ti2Y′Ga (Y = Co, Fe; Y′ = Cr, Fe) have been investigated by theoretical calculation and experimental study. It has been found that Ti2CoAl and Ti2FeAl are stable in Hg2CuTi-type structure, while Ti2CrGa and Ti2FeGa compounds are most likely to form Cu2MnAl-type structure. These results indicate that not all full-Heusler alloys follow the site preference rule, especially when the transition metals are low-valent metals. The differences of band structures and magnetic properties between Hg2CuTi-type and Cu2MnAl-type structures for the above compounds are also studied by first-principles calculation. It has been predicted that Ti2FeAl, Ti2FeGa and Ti2CoAl are half-metallic compounds in Hg2CuTi-type structure, while their half-metallic properties are completely destroyed as they formed Cu2MnAl-type structure.

Liking versus Complexity: Decomposing the Inverted U-curve.

The relationship between liking and stimulus complexity is commonly reported to follow an inverted U-curve. However, large individual differences among complexity preferences of participants have frequently been observed since the earliest studies on the topic. The common use of across-participant analysis methods that ignore these large individual differences in aesthetic preferences gives an impression of high agreement between individuals. In this study, we collected ratings of liking and perceived complexity from 30 participants for a set of digitally generated grayscale images. In addition, we calculated an objective measure of complexity for each image. Our results reveal that the inverted U-curve relationship between liking and stimulus complexity comes about as the combination of different individual liking functions. Specifically, after automatically clustering the participants based on their liking ratings, we determined that one group of participants in our sample had increasingly lower liking ratings for increasingly more complex stimuli, while a second group of participants had increasingly higher liking ratings for increasingly more complex stimuli. Based on our findings, we call for a focus on the individual differences in aesthetic preferences, adoption of alternative analysis methods that would account for these differences and a re-evaluation of established rules of human aesthetic preferences.

High Throughput Characterization of RNA Tertiary Elements

The function of many RNAs is intimately linked to the final three-dimensional conformation of the folded molecule. Folding of an RNA can be viewed as hierarchical: RNA secondary structure is the formation of locally ordered helices from a given primary sequence of bases, and RNA tertiary structure is the reduction of conformational space explored by local helices through the formation of long-range contacts. The thermodynamic principles guiding the formation of RNA secondary structure are largely successful at predicting local base pairing of RNA. However, RNA tertiary structure remains difficult to predict, largely because of a dearth of data on the conformational preferences of RNA junctions and helices. By making thermodynamic measurements on millions of different RNAs in parallel, our work begins to dissect the energetics of RNA tertiary structure formation. In a discrete model system, we determined simplifying rules for conformational preferences of helices and junctions.

The shadow costs of repos and bank liability structure

Making use of a structural model that allows for optimal liquidity management, we study the role that repos play in a bank׳s financing structure. In our model the bank׳s assets consist of illiquid loans and liquid reserves and are financed by a combination of repos, long-term debt, deposits and equity. Repos are a cheap source of funding, but they are subject to an exogenous rollover risk. We show that the use of repos inflicts two types of indirect (“shadow”) costs on the bank׳s shareholders: first, it induces the bank to maintain higher liquid reserves in order to alleviate the additional default risk; second, it adds to the cost of long-term debt financing. These shadow costs limit the bank׳s appetite for cheap but unstable repo funding. This effect is, however, weakened under poor returns on risky assets, access to deposit funding and the depositor preference rule. We also analyze the impact of a liquidity coverage ratio, payout restrictions and a leverage ratio on the bank׳s financing choices and show that all these tools are able to curb the bank׳s reliance on repos.

Preference Mining Using Neighborhood Rough Set Model on Two Universes.

Preference mining plays an important role in e-commerce and video websites for enhancing user satisfaction and loyalty. Some classical methods are not available for the cold-start problem when the user or the item is new. In this paper, we propose a new model, called parametric neighborhood rough set on two universes (NRSTU), to describe the user and item data structures. Furthermore, the neighborhood lower approximation operator is used for defining the preference rules. Then, we provide the means for recommending items to users by using these rules. Finally, we give an experimental example to show the details of NRSTU-based preference mining for cold-start problem. The parameters of the model are also discussed. The experimental results show that the proposed method presents an effective solution for preference mining. In particular, NRSTU improves the recommendation accuracy by about 19% compared to the traditional method.

Exploring the impact of music concerts in promoting well-being in dementia care

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study explores the specific effects of live music concerts on the clients with dementia, their families and nursing staff/caregivers.Methods: Researchers attended 22 concerts in care facilities in England and Japan. Interviews were carried out with clients with dementia, nursing staff and family members. Observations were also carried out before, during and after the concerts. All observations were recorded in field notes.Results: The effect of the concerts in both countries was seen to be beneficial to all clients and nursing staff, whether or not they attended the concert. Interviews with clients with mild to mid-stage dementia noted increased levels of cooperation, interaction and conversation. Those with more advanced forms of dementia exhibited decreased levels of agitation and anti-social behaviour. Staff members reported increased levels of care, cooperation and opportunities for assessment. Family members noted an increase in the levels of well-being in their partner/parent as well as in themselves.The study also suggested that the knowledge of musical components, an awareness of the rules of music and specific musical preferences appear to remain well beyond the time when other cognitive skills and abilities have disappeared.Conclusions: This initial study provided some further indication in terms of the uses of music as a non-pharmacological intervention for those living with all stages of dementia. These included opportunities for assessment of physical abilities as well as facilitating an increasing level of care.

The Influence of Hand Preference on Grip Strength in Children and Adolescents; A Cross-Sectional Study of 2284 Children and Adolescents.

IntroductionIn adults the preferred hand is often considered to be around 10% stronger than the non-preferred hand. Whether the same is true for children and adolescents remains unclear. The objective of this study is therefore to determine whether there is a difference in grip strength between the preferred and non-preferred hand in developing children, to establish whether this difference is similar for children of a different gender or hand preference, and whether there is a difference in grip strength of the preferred hand of left-preferent (LP) and right-preferent (RP) children.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsParticipants were recruited from schools in the northern provinces of the Netherlands. The study included healthy children and adolescents in the age range of 4–17 years.Outcome MeasuresEach child was allowed a total of four attempts using the JAMAR hand dynamometer, two attempts with each hand. All individual attempts were scored. Hand preference was determined by asking which hand was used to write, or in the case of 4- and 5-year-olds, which hand was used to draw a shape.ResultsThe study population comprised 2284 children and adolescents. RP boys and girls scored significantly higher with their preferred hand, the difference amounting to 9.5 and 10.1% respectively. LP girls scored significantly higher with their preferred hand, but this difference was only 3.0%. For LP boys no significant difference was found in favor of either hand. LP children score higher with the non-preferred hand and tie scores on both hands more often than RP children.ConclusionThe 10% rule of hand preference is applicable to RP children ranging in age between 4 and 17 years, but not to LP children. In contrast to LP boys, LP girls are generally significantly stronger with their preferred hand.

The Conformation of Yeast Chromosome III Is Mating Type Dependent and Controlled by the Recombination Enhancer.

Mating-type switching in yeast occurs through gene conversion between the MAT locus and one of two silent loci (HML or HMR) on opposite ends of the chromosome. MATa cells choose HML as template, whereas MATα cells use HMR. The recombination enhancer (RE) located on the left arm regulates this process. One long-standing hypothesis is that switching is guided by mating-type-specific and possibly RE-dependent chromosome folding. Here, we use Hi-C, 5C, and live-cell imaging to characterize the conformation of chromosome III in both mating types. We discovered a mating-type-specific conformational difference in the left arm. Deletion of a 1-kb subregion within the RE, which is not necessary during switching, abolished mating-type-dependent chromosome folding. The RE is therefore a composite element with one subregion essential for donor selection during switching and a separate region involved in modulating chromosome conformation.

A finite decentralized marriage market with bilateral search

I study a model in which a finite number of men and women look for future spouses via random pairwise meetings. The central question is whether equilibrium marriage outcomes are stable matchings when search frictions are small. The answer is they can but need not be. For any stable matching there is an equilibrium leading to it almost surely. However there may also be equilibria leading to an unstable matching almost surely. A restriction to simpler strategies or to markets with aligned preferences rules out such equilibria. However unstable—even Pareto-dominated—matchings may still arise with positive probability under those two restrictions combined. In addition, inefficiency due to delay may remain significant despite vanishing search frictions. Finally, a condition is identified under which all equilibria are outcome equivalent, stable, and efficient.

Rock burst laws in deep mines based on combined model of membership function and dominance-based rough set

Rock bursts are spontaneous, violent fracture of rock that can occur in deep mines, and the likelihood of rock bursts occurring increases as depth of the mine increases. Rock bursts are also affected by the compressive strength, tensile strength, tangential strength, elastic energy index, etc. of rock, and the relationship between these factors and rock bursts in deep mines is difficult to analyze from quantitative point. Typical rock burst instances as a sample set were collected, and membership function was introduced to process the discrete values of these factors with the discrete factors as condition attributes and rock burst situations as decision attributes. Dominance-based rough set theory was used to generate preference rules of rock burst, and eventually rock burst laws analysis in deep mines with preference relation was taken. The results show that this model for rock burst laws analysis in deep mines is more reasonable and feasible, and the prediction results are more scientific.

Аллюзии на драматургию У. Шекспира в прозе А. П. Чехова 1890-х годов: «правила преференции» в идентификации жанра

The peculiarities of reception of Shakespeare’s works in Russia have been the object of many studies. A number of researchers devoted their attention to the interpretation of Shakespearean themes, ideas, images in Chekhov’s works. The analysis of the stories of the 1890s (“Fear”, “Ward 6”) shows that the allusions to genre dominants of Shakespeare’s plays in plot situations in Chekhov’s stories essentially change their genre structure. We approach this problem by means of the “preference rules” method (as developed by E. Spolsky). Preference rules are chosen on the level of perception. When studying Chekhov’s reception of Shakespeare’s works, it is important to take into consideration that the allusions to the plays represent not only a narrator’s or a character’s point of view, but the one of a “naive” reader, which can be expressed implicitly. If from the point of view of the narrator of “Ward 6” “Hamlet” is a drama, not a tragedy (since, according to his perception, the conflict develops as an external confrontation with the circumstances but not as the character’s internal struggle, and the character himself is seen as indecisive and weak), then Shakespearean allusions and reminiscences in the story reveal this particular way of the perception of the play. Thus, the analysis of the allusions to “Hamlet” in Chekhov’s stories of the 1890s widens our understanding of the peculiarity of Chekhov’s stories and their genre specificity, as in their structure the “dramaturgic” style of the writer’s thinking prevailed.