Predominant Fatty Acids Research Articles

An Investigation of Volatile Flavor Compounds and Lipolysis-Oxidation in Coppa as Affected by the Inoculation of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus during the Air-Drying Stage.

This study aimed to explore the effects of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus inoculation on flavor generation and lipolysis-oxidation in Coppa. Acid lipase, neutral lipase, phospholipase, and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, as well as free fatty acids, volatile compounds, and sensory evaluation, were determined during the fermentation and air-drying processes of Coppa over 40 days. Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus or a combination of both strains were selected for this study, and natural fermentation was treated as a control. The results showed that Staphylococcus inoculation significantly enhanced lipase and LOX activities, and mixed strains had a superior effect. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid were identified as the predominant free fatty acids in Coppa, with the mixed fermentation group exhibiting the highest contents. Acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters, and phenols were found for the volatile compounds in Coppa. These findings thus suggested a positive role of Staphylococcus inoculation in activating lipolysis-oxidation and contributing to the flavor formation of Coppa during the air-drying stage.

Chemical composition of essential and fixed oils of Tagetes erecta fruits (Iran) and their implications in inhibition of cancer signaling

The current research was conducted to explore, for the first time, Tagetes erecta L. (family Asteraceae) fruits from northwest Iran in terms of the chemical composition of essential and fixed oils, their cytotoxic activities, and the inhibitory effect of essential oil on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The volatile oil was obtained through hydrodistillation (Clevenger apparatus). According to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, the essential oil was rich in cyclic monoterpenoids, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-one (19.99%), d-limonene (12.75%), terpinolene (11.64%) and also the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (19.09%). Furthermore, the seeds of T. erecta were extracted using hexane by the maceration method. The analysis of fatty acid profile of the fixed oil by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) demonstrated that the most predominant fatty acids in fixed oil were linoleic acid (59.53%), palmitic acid (13.70%), stearic acid (10.20%), and oleic acid (9.20%). The cytotoxic activity of essential oil, crude oil, and fraction A (obtained from fixed oil) were evaluated by using the MTT assay on MCF7 (human breast cancer cell line), PC3 (human prostate cancer cell line), and U87MG (human glioblastoma cell line). Finally, the effect of essential oil on inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was evaluated using real-time PCR. The essential oil exhibited vigorous cytotoxic activity on the U87MG cell line, with an IC50 value of 32.65 μg/mL. Interestingly, the essential oil significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade compared to the non-treated group. Our results suggest that the essential oil holds promise as an anticancer agent for glioblastoma cell lines. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the profile of the essential oil of T. erecta fruits and its implications for targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Salinicola avicenniae sp. nov., a Novel Gammaproteobacterium Isolated from Mangrove Plant, Avicennia marina, in Beibu Gulf, China.

Two endophytic bacterial strains, designated S1-1-2T and S1-1-8, were isolated from the leaves of a mangrove plant, Avicennia marina. The isolates were Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria with lateral flagella. Growth occurred at 4-41°C, pH 4.0-11.0, and 0.5-25.0% NaCl. The predominant fatty acids of the novel strains were C18:1 ω6c/ω7c, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, and C16:0. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9. The DNA G + C contents of strains S1-1-2T and S1-1-8 analyzed by genome sequences were 63.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained using sanger sequencing and whole-genome phylogenetic analysis revealed an affiliation between the two strains and the genus Salinicola in the class Gammaproteobacteria. Detailed genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data support the conclusion that these two strains should be described as a novel species in the genus Salinicola. Here, Salinicola avicenniae sp. nov. (type strain S1-1-2T = LMG 32655T = MCCC 1A19027T) is proposed.

Salmonirosea aquatica gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Genus within the Family Spirosomaceae, Was Isolated from Brackish Water in the Republic of Korea.

A Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated SJW1-29T was isolated from brackish water samples collected from the Seomjin River, Republic of Korea. The purpose of this study was to characterize strain SJW1-29T and determine its taxonomic position as a potential new genus within the family Spirosomaceae. The strain grew within the range of 10-30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0), and 1-4% NaCl (optimum, 3%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain SJW1-29T belongs to the family Spirosomaceae and is closely related to Persicitalea jodogahamensis Shu-9-SY12-35CT (91.3% similarity), Rhabdobacter roseus R491T (90.6%), and Arundinibacter roseus DMA-K-7aT (90.0%), while the similarities to strains within the order Cytophagales were lower than 90.0%. The genome is 7.1 Mbp with a G+C content of 50.7 mol%. The use of genome-relatedness indices confirmed that this strain belongs to a new genus. The major polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, and MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, and C16:0, representing more than 80% of the total fatty acids. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genetic, and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain SJW1-29T represents a novel species within a new genus in the family Spirosomaceae, for which the name Salmonirosea aquatica gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Salmonirosea aquatica is SJW1-29T (=KCTC 72493T = NBRC 114061T = FBCC-B16924T).

Gilvimarinus gilvus sp. nov. and Gilvimarinus algae sp. nov., isolated from kelp seedlings.

Two novel rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strains, designated SDUM040013T and SDUM040014T, were isolated from kelp seedlings in Weihai, PR China. Cells of strain SDUM040013T were 0.3-0.4 µm wide and 0.8-1.8 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Growth of SDUM040013T was observed at 0-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 5.5-9 (optimum, pH 8.0) and in the presence of 1-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). The DNA G+C content of strain SDUM040013T was 50.5 %. Strain SDUM040013T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.1 %) to Gilvimarinus chinensis. Cells of strain SDUM040014T were 0.4-0.5 µm wide and 1.0-1.4 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Growth of SDUM040014T was observed at 4-40 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 5.5-9 (optimum, pH 8.5) and in the presence of 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). The DNA G+C content of strain SDUM040014T was 56.5 %. Strain SDUM040014T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.2%) to Gilvimarinus polysaccharolyticus. The isoprenoid quinone of both strains was Q-8 and the predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c) and C16 : 0. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids. Given these phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic data, strains SDUM040013T and SDUM040014T were considered to represent two novel species of the genus Gilvimarinus, for which the names Gilvimarinus gilvus sp. nov. and Gilvimarinus algae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are SDUM040013T (=KCTC 8123T=MCCC 1H01413T) and SDUM040014T (=KCTC 8124T=MCCC 1H01414T), respectively.

Peteryoungia algae sp. nov. isolated from seaweeds of Gouqi Island, China, and its unique genetic features among Peteryoungia strains.

A Gram-stain-negative, light khaki, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile via multiple flagella, and catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated as SSM4.3T, was isolated from the seaweed of Gouqi Island in the East China Sea. The novel isolate grows at 0-5.0% NaCl concentrations (w/v) (optimum 1%), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and 15-37°C (optimum 30°C). The 16S rRNA gene sequences-based phylogeny indicates that the novel marine isolate belongs to the family Rhizobiaceae and that it shared the greatest sequence similarity (98.9%) with Peteryoungia rhizophila CGMCC 1.15691T. This classification was also supported by phylogenetic analysis using core genes. The predominant fatty acids (≥ 10%) of the strain were identified as C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c. Q-10 was identified as the major isoprenoid quinone, with trace levels of Q-9 present. The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The complete genome size of strain SSM4.3T is 4.39Mb with a DNA G+C content of 61.3%. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values between the genomes of strain SSM4.3T and its closely related representatives were 74.80-86.93%, 20.00-32.30%, and 70.30-91.52%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis, grounded on the core genes, reveals the evolutionary relationship between SSM4.3T and other Peteryoungia strains. Pan-genomics analysis of 8 previously classified Peteryoungia species and SSM4.3T revealed their unique genetic features and functions. Overall, strain SSM4.3T was considered to be a new species of the Peteryoungia genus; the name Peteryoungia algae sp. nov. has been proposed, with type strain SSM4.3T (= LMG 32561 = MCCC 1K07170).

Chemical Profile and Potential Applications of Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro Kernel Oils: Analysis of Volatile Compounds and Fatty Acids.

Sclerocarya birrea kernel volatile compounds and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from the Bubi district in Matabeleland North province of Zimbabwe were characterised by GC-MS. The volatile compounds of the oil include 65 different compounds from 24 distinct classes, dominated by 13 alcohols and 14 aldehydes (42%). Other classes include carboxylic acids, phenols, sesquiterpenes, lactones, pyridines, saturated fatty acids, ketones, and various hydrocarbons. The kernel oils revealed essential fatty acids such as polyunsaturated (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) and monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids). Notably, oleic acid is the predominant fatty acid at 521.61 mg/g, constituting approximately 73% of the total fatty acids. Linoleic acid makes up 8%, and saturated fatty acids make up about 7%, including significant amounts of stearic (42.45 mg/g) and arachidic (3.46 mg/g) acids. These results validate the use of marula oils in food, pharmaceutical, and health industries, as well as in the multibillion USD cosmetics industry. Therefore, the potential applications of S. berria kernel oils are extensive, necessitating further research and exploration to fully unlock their capabilities.

Using rice bran as a press aid during the cold-pressing of sesame seeds improved the extraction yield and quality of the resultant oil.

Simple, cost-effective, and practical techniques can enhance the shelf life of cold-pressed oils. This study evaluated sesame seed (SS) cold-pressed oil with various percentages of rice bran (RB) as press aid, including 0% (control or TSSO), 1% (T1), 2.5% (T2.5), 5% (T5), 7.5% (T7.5), and 10% (T10) w/w. The results demonstrated that adding RB considerably boosted extraction yields (p < .05), with 5% RB constituting the ideal combination. Adding 7.5% and 10% RB to the SS reduced free fatty acid (FFA) levels compared to the control sample. The oxidative stability index (OSI) and peroxide value (PV), however, significantly increased at combination ratios ranging from 2.5% to 10% (p < .05). Rice bran oil (TRBO) had the greatest OSI of all the studied oils, with 18.99 h, while the extracted oils showed an increase in OSI as RB contents rose. Total phenolic compounds (TPC), tocopherols, γ-oryzanol content, and total antioxidant activity (TAA) increased directly with the RB level. Despite the addition of RB altering the fatty acids concentration, linoleic and oleic acids continued to be the predominant fatty acids in TSSO, TRBO, and other extracted oil samples. Increasing the combination ratio increased the palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acid content and decreased the stearic and linoleic acid content. In summary, the study demonstrated that the simultaneous cold-pressing of oil-bearing seeds and agro-industrial by-products is a potentially advantageous technique to increase the extraction yield, qualitative attributes, and shelf life of the extracted oils without the addition of synthetic antioxidants.

Functional genomics and taxonomic insights into heavymetaltolerant novel bacterium Brevibacterium metallidurans sp. nov. NCCP-602T isolated from tannery effluent in Pakistan.

The strain designated NCCP-602T was isolated from tannery effluent, and displayed aerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped cells that were characterized by oxidase negative, catalase positive, and non-motile features. The most favourable growth conditions were observed at a temperature of 30°C, pH 7.0, and NaCl concentration of 1% (w/v). It tolerated heavy metals at high concentrations of chromium (3600 ppm), copper (3300 ppm), cadmium (3000 ppm), arsenic (1200 ppm) and lead (1500 ppm). The results of phylogenetic analysis, derived from sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, indicated the position of strain NCCP-602T within genus Brevibacterium and showed that it was closely related to Brevibacterium ammoniilyticum JCM 17537T. Strain NCCP-602T formed a robust branch that was clearly separate from closely related taxa. A comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and dDDH values between the closely related type strains and strain NCCP-602T provided additional evidence supporting the classification of strain NCCP-602T as a distinct novel genospecies. The polar lipid profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, phospholipids and amino lipids. MK-7 and MK-8 were found as the respiratory quinones, while anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, and anteiso-C17:0 were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%). Considering the convergence of phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic traits, it is suggested that strain NCCP-602T be classified as a distinct species Brevibacterium metallidurans sp. nov. within genus Brevibacterium with type strain NCCP-602T (JCM 18882T = CGMCC1.62055T).

Aquibium pacificus sp. nov., a Novel Mixotrophic Bacterium from Bathypelagic Seawater in the Western Pacific Ocean.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and mixotrophic bacterium, designated as strain LZ166T, was isolated from the bathypelagic seawater in the western Pacific Ocean. The cells were short rod-shaped, oxidase- and catalase-positive, and motile by means of lateral flagella. The growth of strain LZ166T was observed at 10-45 °C (optimum 34-37 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum 6-8), and in the presence of 0-5% NaCl (optimum 1-3%). A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain LZ166T shared the highest similarity (98.58%) with Aquibium oceanicum B7T and formed a distinct branch within the Aquibium genus. The genomic characterization, including average nucleotide identity (ANI, 90.73-76.79%), average amino identity (AAI, 88.50-79.03%), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH, 36.1-22.2%) values between LZ166T and other species within the Aquibium genus, further substantiated its novelty. The genome of strain LZ166T was 6,119,659 bp in size with a 64.7 mol% DNA G+C content. The predominant fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c). The major polar lipids identified were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), glycolipid (GL), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), with ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the predominant respiratory quinone. The genomic annotation indicated the presence of genes for a diverse metabolic profile, including pathways for carbon fixation via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle and inorganic sulfur oxidation. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic results, strain LZ166T represented a novel species of the genus Aquibium, for which the name Aquibium pacificus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain LZ166T (=MCCC M28807T = KACC 23148T = KCTC 82889T).

Patulibacter defluvii sp. nov., Isolated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Guangzhou City, China.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterium with ibuprofen-degrading capacity, designated DM4T, was isolated from the sewage of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Guangzhou city, China. Strain DM4T grew optimally at 0% (w/v) NaCl, pH 5.0-7.0, and 30°C, forming white colonies on trypticase soy agar. C18:1ω9c, C18:2ω9.12c and C15:1ω10c were the predominant fatty acids. Results of 16S rRNA gene alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain DM4T belonged to the genus Patulibacter, was closely related to Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25692T (98.5%) and P. brassicae KCTC 39817T (98.1%). Strain DM4T had a genome size of 5.33Mbp, and the DNA G + C content was 75.0%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values between strain DM4T and P. medicamentivorans were 85.2%, 83.9%, and 29.0% respectively, while those between strain DM4T and P. brassicae were 78.5%, 71.3%, and 22.2%, respectively. Strain DM4T could significantly degrade ibuprofen by almost 80% after 84h of incubation, and the degradation kinetics was well fitted with the first-order kinetics. Evidence from phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses support that strain DM4T (= GDMCC 1.4574T = KCTC 59145T) represents a new species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter defluvii sp. nov. is proposed.

Microbacterium humicola sp. nov., Microbacterium terrisoli sp. nov., Paenibacillus pedocola sp. nov., Paenibacillus silviterrae sp. nov., Flavobacterium terrisoli sp. nov., and Aquabacterium humicola sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Four Gram-stain-positive and two Gram-stain-negative bacterial strains, designated as W4T, FW7T, TW48T, UW52T, PT-3T, and RJY3T, were isolated from soil samples collected from the Republic of Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains W4T and FW7T belonged to the genus Microbacterium, strains TW48T and UW52T were affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, strain PT-3T was related to the genus Flavobacterium, and strain RJY3T was associated with the genus Aquabacterium. The closest phylogenetic taxa to W4T, FW7T, TW48T, UW52T, PT-3T, and RJY3T were Microbacterium bovistercoris NEAU-LLET (97.7 %), Microbacterium protaetiae DFW100M-13T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus auburnensis JJ-7T (99.6 %), Paenibacillus allorhizosphaerae JJ-447T (95.7 %), Flavobacterium buctense T7T (97.1 %), and Aquabacterium terrae S2T (99.5 %), respectively. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the novel strains and related reference type strains were <95.0 % and <70.0 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acid in strains W4T, FW7T TW48T, and UW52T was antiso-C15 : 0. Similarly, strain PT-3T revealed iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as its principal fatty acids. On the other hand, RJY3T exhibited summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c), and C12 : 0 as its predominant fatty acids. Overall, the polyphasic taxonomic data indicated that strains W4T, FW7T, TW48T, UW52T, PT-3T, and RJY3T represent novel species within the genera Microbacterium, Paenibacillus, Flavobacterium, and Aquabacterium. Accordingly, we propose the names Microbacterium humicola sp. nov., with the type strain W4T (=KCTC 49888T=NBRC 116001T), Microbacterium terrisoli sp. nov., with the type strain FW7T (=KCTC 49859T=NBRC 116000T), Paenibacillus pedocola sp. nov., with the type strain TW48T (=KCTC 43470T=NBRC 116017T), Paenibacillus silviterrae sp. nov., with the type strain UW52T (=KCTC 43477T=NBRC 116018T), Flavobacterium terrisoli sp. nov., with the type strain PT-3T (=KCTC 92106T=NBRC 116012T), and Aquabacterium humicola sp. nov., with the type strain RJY3T (=KCTC 92105T=NBRC 115831T).

Flavobacterium rivulicola sp. nov., Isolated from a Freshwater Stream.

A Gram-strain-negative, aerobic, yellow-colored, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated IMCC34852T, was isolated from a freshwater stream in the Republic of Korea. Cellular growth occurred at 10-37°C, pH 6.0-9.0, and with 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain IMCC34852T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and that the strain was most closely related to F. cheonhonense ARSA-15T (97.6%), F. buctense T7T (96.7%), F. silvisoli RD-2-33T (96.1%), and F. paronense KNUS1T (96.1%). The whole-genome sequence of strain IMCC34852T was 3.2 Mbp in size, with a DNA G + C content 37.3%. The average nucleotide identities (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain IMCC34852T and its related species were all below 79.8% and 22.7%, respectively, which are significantly lower than the thresholds of 95% for ANI and 70% for DDH for species delineation. The major respiratory quinone of strain IMCC34852T was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (32.6%), iso-C16:0 (11.7%), iso-C15:1 G (10.3%), and iso-C14:0 (6.7%). The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and six unidentified lipids. Based on these results, it was concluded that strain IMCC34852T represents a novel species in the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium rivulicola sp. nov is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel species is IMCC34852T (= KACC 23133T = KCTC 82066T = NBRC 114419T).

Microvirga sesbaniae sp. nov. and Microvirga yunnanensis sp. nov., Pink-Pigmented Bacteria Isolated from Root Nodules of Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir.

Four pigment-producing rhizobial strains nodulating Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. formed a unique group in genus Microvirga in the phylogeny of a 16S rRNA gene and five housekeeping genes (gyrB, recA, dnaK, glnA, and atpD) in a genome analysis, phenotypic characteristics analysis, and chemotaxonomic analysis. These four strains shared as high as 99.3% similarity with Microvirga tunisiensis LmiM8T in the 16S rRNA gene sequence and, in an MLSA, were subdivided into two clusters, ANI (genome average nucleotide) and dDDH (digital DNA-DNA hybridization) which shared sequence similarities lower than the species thresholds with each other and with the reference strains for related Microvirga species. The polar lipids elucidated that phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin were the main components for strain SWF67558T and for strain HBU65207T, with the exception of PC. SWF67558T and HBU65207T strains had similar predominant cellular fatty acids, including C16:0, C18:0, summed feature 2, and summed feature8, but with different contents. In addition, all the four novel strains produced pink-pigment, and the main coloring material extract from strain SWF67558T was identified as zeaxanthin, which presented antioxidant ability and reduction power. With all the phylogenetic and phenotypic divergency, we proposed these pink-pigmented symbiotic bacteria as two novel species, named Microvirga sesbaniae sp. nov. and Microvirga yunnanensis sp. nov., with SWF67558T (=KCTC82331T=GDMCC1.2024T) and HBU65207T (=KCTC92125T=GDMCC1.2023T) as the type strains, respectively.

Desertibaculum subflavum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Sneathiellaceae isolated from the Kumtag Desert soil.

A novel rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain SYSU D60015T that formed yellowish colonies was isolated from a sandy soil collected from the Kumtag Desert in Xinjiang, China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative and motile with a single polar flagellum. Growth optimum occurred between 28 and 37°C, pH 7.0 and with 0-0.5% (W/V) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), C19:0 cyclo ω8c, C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and C16:0. The polar lipid profile contained one phosphatidylethanolamine, one diphosphatidylglycerol, one phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and seven unidentified lipids. The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU D60015T was found to form a distinct linage within the family Sneathiellaceae, and had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 90.8% to Taonella mepensis H1T, and 90.2% to Ferrovibrio denitrificans S3T. The genome of SYSU D60015T was 5.66 Mb in size with 68.2% of DNA G + C content. The low digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH, 18.0%), average nucleotide identity (ANI, 77.5%) and amino acid identity (AAI, 56.0%) values between SYSU D60015T and Ferrovibrio terrae K5T indicated that SYSU D60015T might represent a distinct genus. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data, we propose Desertibaculum subflavum gen. nov., sp. nov. as a novel species of a new genus within the family Sneathiellaceae. The type strain is SYSU D60015T (= NBRC 112952T = CGMCC 1.16256T).

Mesorhizobium retamae sp. nov., a novel non-nodulating and non-nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the root nodules of Retama raetam sampled in Tunisia.

A comprehensive polyphasic taxonomic investigation integrating taxongenomic criteria was conducted on strain IRAMC:0171T isolated from the root nodules of Retama raetam in Tunisia. This Gram-stain-negative and aerobic bacterium thrived within a temperature range of 5-45 °C, optimal at 28 °C, and tolerated salt concentrations from 0-6 % NaCl, with an optimal range of 0-3 %. It displayed pH tolerance from pH 4 to 10, thriving best at pH 6.8-7.5. Chemotaxonomically, strain IRAMC:0171T was characterized by diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine as polar lipids. Its predominant fatty acid composition was C18 : 1 ω7c (61.2 %), and the primary ubiquinone was Q10 (97 %). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strain IRAMC:0171T showed 99.08 % similarity to Mesorhizobium waimense ICMP 19557T, Mesorhizobium amorphae ACCC 19665T, and Mesorhizobium huakuii IAM 14158. However, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity analyses revealed values ranging from 21.1 to 25.2 % and 77.05 to 82.24 %, respectively, signifying significant deviation from established species demarcation thresholds. Phylogenetic studies, encompassing 16S rRNA, whole-genome-based tree reconstruction, and core protein analysis, positioned strain IRAMC:0171T closest to Mesorhizobium terrae KCTC 72278T and 'Mesorhizobium hungaricum' UASWS1009T, forming together a distinct branch within the genus Mesorhizobium. In consideration of this comprehensive data, we propose strain IRAMC:0171T (=DSM 112841T=CECT 30767T) as the type strain of a new species named Mesorhizobium retamae sp. nov.

Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Affinirhizobium gouqiense sp. nov. Isolated from Seawater of Gouqi Island Located in the East China Sea and Reclassification of Rhizobium lemnae to the Genus Affinirhizobium as Affinirhizobium lemnae comb. nov.

A novel bacterium designated as SSA5.23T was isolated from seawater. Cells of SSA5.23T are Gram-stain-negative, short, rod-shaped, and exhibit motility via numerous peritrichous flagella. The strain could grow at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C (optimum at 25 °C), in a salinity range of 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl, and within a pH range of 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). The predominant cellular fatty acid of SSA5.23T was C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c, and the major respiratory quinones were Q-9 and Q-10. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol were identified as the primary polar lipids. The complete genome (5.47 Mb) of SSA5.23T comprises of a circular chromosome of 3.64 Mb and three plasmids, specifically sized at 59.73 kb, 227.82 kb, and 1.54 Mb, respectively. Certain genes located on the plasmids play roles in denitrification, oxidative stress resistance, and osmotic tolerance, which likely contribute to the adaptability of this strain in marine conditions. Core-proteome average amino acid identity analysis effectively identified the strain's affiliation with the genus Affinirhizobium, showing the highest value (89.9%) with Affinirhizobium pseudoryzae DSM 19479T. This classification was further supported by the phylogenetic analysis of concatenated alignment of 170 single-copy orthologous proteins. When compared to related reference strains, SSA5.23T displayed an average nucleotide identity ranging from 74.9 to 80.3% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values ranging from 19.9 to 23.9%. Our findings confirmed that strain SSA5.23T represents a novel species of the genus Affinirhizobium, for which the name Affinirhizobium gouqiense sp. nov. (type strain SSA5.23T = LMG 32560T = MCCC 1K07165T) was suggested.

Cognatishimia coralii sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from seawater surrounding corals.

Coral reefs are declining due to the rising seawater temperature. Bacteria within and surrounding corals play key roles in maintaining the homeostasis of the coral holobiont. Research on coral-related bacteria could provide benefits for coral reef restoration. During the isolation of coral-associated bacteria, a Gram-stain-negative, motile bacterium (D5M38T) was isolated from seawater surrounding corals in Daya Bay, Shenzhen, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain D5M38T represents a novel species in the genus Cognatishimia. The temperature range for strain D5M38T growth was 10-40 °C, and the optimum temperature was 37 °C. The salinity range for the growth of this isolate was from 0 to 4.0 %, with an optimal salinity level of 0.5 %. The pH range necessary for strain D5M38T growth was between pH 5.0 and 9.0, with an optimal pH being 7.5. The predominant fatty acid was summed feature 8 (65.0 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 56.8 %. The genome size was 3.88 Mb. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain D5M38T and its two closest neighbours, Cognatishimia activa LMG 29900T and Cognatishimia maritima KCTC 23347T, were 73.2/73.6%, 73.2/73.6% and 19.7/19.5%, respectively. Strain D5M38T was clearly distinct from its closest neighbours C. activa LMG 29900T and C. maritima KCTC 23347T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.5 and 97.3 %, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis, along with the ANI, AAI, and dDDH values, demonstrated that strain D5M38T is a member of the genus Cognatishimia, and is distinct from the other two recognized species within this genus. The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics also supported the species novelty of strain D5M38T. Thus, strain D5M38T is considered to be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Cognatishimia, for which the name Cognatishimia coralii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D5M38T (=MCCC 1K08692T=KCTC 8160T).

Assessing the Effect of Temperature on Nutrient Retention in Canistel Fruit (Pouteria campechiana) and Coconut Milk Formulation

Objective: This study aimed to develop innovative fruit-based beverages from underutilized but widely available Canistel fruit around tropical regions and determine its nutrient stability at different temperature treatments. Background: Canistel Fruit (Pouteria campechiana) is an underutilized nutritious tropical fruit containing Vitamin A and complex carbohydrates with high potentiality. Hence, the present study focused on a novel Canistel fruit (Pouteria campechiana)-based beverage. Methods: The higher starchiness of fruit pulp was remedied through α-amylase enzyme treatment. The base formula was prepared with fruit pulp and coconut milk (at ratios of 1:2, 2:3, 1:1), followed by incorporating sugar and stabilizers. The two-way preservation techniques of pasteurization (85oC, 15 min) and sterilizing techniques (121oC, 15 min) were used. Sensory acceptance by a trained panel from each formula of beverages, i.e., fruit pulp: coconut milk at ratios of 2:3 from each technique, was analyzed for physical and nutritional properties, fatty acid composition, and antioxidants. Results: A significant difference (p&lt;0.05) was found among two-way processing techniques for the pH, oBrix, viscosity, and titratable acidity, as well as total sugars, crude protein, and crude fibre. The predominant fatty acid in both beverages was lauric acid. Vitamin A contents (mg/kg) were 0.3±0. and 0.2±0.01, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed Canistel fruit as a viable source for upgrading nutritional status when paired with coconut milk and other ingredients, and both processing techniques retained vitamin A, which fulfilled 8 – 10 % of the daily requirement by 200 ml of beverage.

Methylobacterium amylolyticum sp. nov. and Methylobacterium ligniniphilum sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Two pink-pigmented bacteria, designated strains NEAU-140T and NEAU-KT, were isolated from field soil collected from Linyi, Shandong Province, PR China. Both isolates were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, and facultatively methylotrophic. 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed that these two strains belong to the genus Methylobacterium. Strain NEAU-140T exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Methylobacterium radiotolerans NBRC 15690T (97.43 %) and Methylobacterium phyllostachyos NBRC 105206T (97.36 %). Strain NEAU-KT exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to M. phyllostachyos NBRC 105206T (99.00 %) and Methylobacterium longum DSM 23933T (98.72 %). A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NEAU-140T formed a clade with Methylobacterium aerolatum (95.94 %), Methylobacterium persicinum (95.66 %) and Methylobacterium komagatae (96.87 %), and strain NEAU-KT formed a cluster with M. phyllostachyos and M. longum. The predominant fatty acid in both strains was C18 : 1 ω7c. Both strains contained ubiquinone Q-10 as the only respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profiles of both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. Whole-genome phylogeny showed that strains NEAU-140T and NEAU-KT formed a phyletic line with M. aerolatum, M. persicinum, Methylobacterium radiotolerans, Methylobacterium fujisawaense, Methylobacterium oryzae, Methylobacterium tardum, M. longum and M. phyllostachyos. The orthologous average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain NEAU-140T and its closely related strains were lower than 82.62 and 25.90 %, respectively. The ANI and dDDH values between strain NEAU-KT and its closely related strains were lower than 86.29 and 31.7 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 71.63 mol% for strain NEAU-140T and 69.08 mol% for strain NEAU-KT. On the basis of their phenotypic and phylogenetic distinctiveness and the results of dDDH and ANI hybridization, these two isolates represent two novel species within the genus Methylobacterium, for which the names Methylobacterium amylolyticum sp. nov. (type strain NEAU-140T=MCCC 1K08801T=DSM 110568T) and Methylobacterium ligniniphilum sp. nov. (type strain NEAU-KT=MCCC 1K08800T=DSM 110567T) are proposed.