Predictor Of Bone Mass Research Articles

The relationship of bone mineral density and anthropometric variables in healthy male and female children

The relationships among bone mineral measurements at hip, wrist, and spine sites and anthropometric measurements which provided estimates of frame size, skinfold thickness, and muscularity were examined in a population of 140 children. The average age of the children at the time of measurement was 9.5 ± 2.5 years and all subjects were white. In this study population, the anthropometric measurements were generally highly intercorrelated. Univariate correlations among bone mass and density variables at the different sites were also high, especially in the female children. Model fitting procedures were employed to separate the effects of age, frame size, and fatness on the bone mass measures. Resulting models confirmed previous results which suggest that height is the best predictor of bone mass in children. As expected, models for bone mineral content and bone mineral density were similar. Models for hips and wrist sites were also similar in including an estimate of frame size, while in those for the spine hip circumference explained a greater percentage of the variance. It appears that there are several identifiable characteristics among the anthropometric variables which appear to exert differential effects on skeletal development in children.

Relation of axial bone mass to habitual calcium intake and to cortical bone loss in healthy early postmenopausal women : Bone 1990 11/1 (7–13)

A group of 60 healthy early postmenopausal women participating in an ongoing study on the effect of habitual calcium intake on the rate of cortical bone loss at the radius, were subjected to additional skeletal measurements at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The women were between 58 and 64 years of age, and 3 to 10 years postmenopausal. No correlations were found between habitual calcium intake (range 560 to 2580 mg/day) and either bone mineral content of the radius, the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, or spine deformity index. Body mass index was found to be positively correlated with bone mass indices of the radius (decrease of BMD and BMD) and femoral neck (BMC), but not with of the lumbar spine (BMC, BMD and SDI), even after adjustments had been made for confounding factors. Although the rate of cortical bone loss at the radius correlated significantly with bone mineral content of lumbar spine and femoral neck, the error in predicting bone mass of the lumbar spine or the femoral neck from longitudinal measurements of cortical bone at the radius was high. The rate of cortical bone loss did not correlate with the spine deformity index. We conclude that in healthy women in early menopause, the bone mineral content of both the appendicular and the axial skeleton are not influenced by habitual calcium intake. A higher body mass index has a protective effect on the appendicular skeleton but appears to be less protective to the axial skeleton. Longitudinal measurements of cortical bone mass are of limited value to predict bone density of the appendicular and axial skeleton.

Predictors of bone mass in perimenopausal women. A prospective study of clinical data using photon absorptiometry

Predictors of bone mass in perimenopausal women. A prospective study of clinical data using photon absorptiometry

A generalized procedure for predicting bone mass regulation by mechanical strain

Understanding of the mechanisms that control the modifications of the bone weight-bearing attitude in response to external load conditions attracted considerable attention from researchers in the biological, medical, and radiological fields. This study presents a general approach for predicting the reaction of the bone tissue to cyclic loads with different intensity and temporal distribution. Empirical relationships are generated that incorporate the wealth of published experimental data, obtained from in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies, into an integrated analysis. The developed procedure was guided by and is in close agreement with the published experimental data. The approach provides a general framework for predicting the effect of mechanical strain deviation from the physiological strain environment only, without consideration of the influence of any other changes in the biochemical, physiological, or psychological mechanisms controlling bone growth and damage. Further clinical investigations with controlled exercise and systematic bone scanning are necessary to check the applicability of the coefficients generated in the proposed method for general use on human subjects.

Predictors of bone mass in perimenopausal women. A prospective study of clinical data using photon absorptiometry

Study objective To determine whether clinically available data on risk factors are adequate to identify perimenopausal women with either low or high bone mass. Design Cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of perimenopausal women (mean age, 50.8 years). Setting Community volunteers in a university hospital. Subjects One hundred twenty-four white volunteers established as perimenopausal by history and serum concentrations of estrogens and follicle-stimulating hormone. Measurements and main results Models were constructed to predict bone mass in the radius, lumbar spine, and hip using risk factors (age, height, weight, calcium and caffeine intake, alcohol and tobacco use, and urinary markers of bone turnover). Although highly significant predictive models were developed for all skeletal sites, none of the models correctly identified more than 70% of women with low bone mass at any site. However, for the radius, a model was constructed that never overestimated bone mass by more than 0.10 g/cm. A small subgroup (7%) with short stature, low body weight, low calcium intake, and who were heavy smokers always had low radial bone mass. Using these models, about 30% of our population could be assessed without bone mass measurements. Predictions for the spine and femur were less efficient, suggesting that direct measurements are required if therapy decisions are to be based on bone mass at these sites. Conclusions Risk factors for osteoporosis are of limited use in identifying women with low bone mass around the time of menopause. Measurements of bone mass are probably necessary if the risk for osteoporosis is to be the basis for deciding on estrogen replacement therapy.

Predictors of Bone Mass in Perimenopausal Women

To determine whether clinically available data on risk factors are adequate to identify perimenopausal women with either low or high bone mass. Cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of perimenopausal women (mean age, 50.8 years). Community volunteers in a university hospital. One hundred twenty-four white volunteers established as perimenopausal by history and serum concentrations of estrogens and follicle-stimulating hormone. Models were constructed to predict bone mass in the radius, lumbar spine, and hip using risk factors (age, height, weight, calcium and caffeine intake, alcohol and tobacco use, and urinary markers of bone turnover). Although highly significant predictive models were developed for all skeletal sites, none of the models correctly identified more than 70% of women with low bone mass at any site. However, for the radius, a model was constructed that never overestimated bone mass by more than 0.10 g/cm. A small subgroup (7%) with short stature, low body weight, low calcium intake, and who were heavy smokers always had low radial bone mass. Using these models, about 30% of our population could be assessed without bone mass measurements. Predictions for the spine and femur were less efficient, suggesting that direct measurements are required if therapy decisions are to be based on bone mass at these sites. Risk factors for osteoporosis are of limited use in identifying women with low bone mass around the time of menopause. Measurements of bone mass are probably necessary if the risk for osteoporosis is to be the basis for deciding on estrogen replacement therapy.

Relation of axial bone mass to habitual calcium intake and to cortical bone loss in healthy early postmenopausal women

A group of 60 healthy early postmenopausal women participating in an ongoing study on the effect of habitual calcium intake on the rate of cortical bone loss at the radius, were subjected to additional skeletal measurements at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The women were between 58 and 64 years of age, and 3 to 10 years postmenopausal. No correlations were found between habitual calcium intake (range 560 to 2580 mg/day) and either bone mineral content of the radius, the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, or spine deformity index. Body mass index was found to be positively correlated with bone mass indices of the radius (decrease of BMD and BMD) and femoral neck (BMC), but not with of the lumbar spine (BMC, BMD and SDI), even after adjustments had been made for confounding factors. Although the rate of cortical bone loss at the radius correlated significantly with bone mineral content of lumbar spine and femoral neck, the error in predicting bone mass of the lumbar spine or the femoral neck from longitudinal measurements of cortical bone at the radius was high. The rate of cortical bone loss did not correlate with the spine deformity index. We conclude that in healthy women in early menopause, the bone mineral content of both the appendicular and the axial skeleton are not influenced by habitual calcium intake. A higher body mass index has a protective effect on the appendicular skeleton but appears to be less protective to the axial skeleton. Longitudinal measurements of cortical bone mass are of limited value to predict bone density of the appendicular and axial skeleton.

Radiographic trabecular quantitation of human lumbar vertebrae in situ. II. Relation to bone quantity, strength and mineral content (preliminary results).

A preliminary study was undertaken to evaluate the ability to predict bone mass, compressive bone strength and calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content or lumbar vertebrae from quantitative analysts of in situ roentgenograms. utilizing a scanning microdensitometer-analog computer method which was previously described. The study was undertaken preparatory to developing a more automated system because the current method is tedious and time consuming and, therefore, cannot be applied to large scale experimental studies in its present form. The present study included quantitative radiographic analysis of 21 roentgenograms of 13 vertebrae from five fresh cadavers. While the sample size is too small to be conclusive, the results of this preliminary study demonstrate that there is good correlation between the in situ calculated mean trabecular widths of the vertically and horizontally oriented radiographic trabecular shadows and the quantity of bone present, the compressive strength and the calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents of the cancellous bone of the vertebrae. The correlations indicate that the wider the calculated trabecular shadows, the less the bone mass, bone strength and bone mineral present.