Prediction Of Ground Vibration Research Articles

A theoretical model for ground vibration from trains generated by vertical track irregularities

A model is developed for predicting ground vibrations due to vertical track irregularities. This model incorporates vehicles, a track and a layered ground, and uses the moving axle loads and the vertical rail irregularities as its inputs. Outputs include the dynamic wheel–rail forces and the displacement power spectra of the track and the ground surface. Results from this model are presented for a single-axle vehicle model and a British Mark 3 passenger coach running on different tracks (a ‘lighter ballasted track’, a ‘heavier ballasted track’ and a slab track) at different speeds (25, 60 and 83 m/s). Based on these results, the effects of track structure, vehicle speed and frequency range on the observed vibration levels are identified. The different roles of the moving axle loads and the roughness-induced dynamic loads are indicated, at different frequencies and for train speeds below and above the lowest ground wave speed.

Numerical prediction of low-frequency ground vibrations induced by high-speed trains at Ledsgaard, Sweden

The ground vibrations induced by a passenger train at the test site of Ledsgaard, Sweden, have been analysed and numerically simulated through a spectral element discretization of the soil. To calculate the spatial distribution of loading due to train passage, the train is decoupled from the track, and a suitable series of static forces is applied. The track and the embankment are modeled as a beam on elastic foundation, using analytical solutions for loads moving at constant velocity. The results of both 2D and 3D modelling assumptions are thoroughly discussed, in terms of prediction of track motion and of attenuation of peak ground velocity with distance.

Prediction of Ground Vibrations due to Construction Blasts in Different Types of Rock

A knowledge of the level of peak ground motion expected at a site from detonation of a known charge weight per delay at a specified distance is necessary for planning a safe blasting operation. The seismic wave energy associated with the blast induced ground vibration decreases with distances due to decay of both the amplitude and the frequency of vibration. The attenuation of ground motion depends mainly on the charge weight, frequency content of wave motion, and the elastic properties of the transmitting medium. The interrelationship between the charge weight, distance and the amplitude of the ground motion forms the basis of describing an attenuation law.

Prediction of groundborne vibration from vibrating rollers

The increasing size and power of modern construction plant and its potential to cause damage or disturbance, coupled with a growing requirement for assessment of environmental impacts of construction works, have led to a need for reliable ground vibration prediction. While there is a growing need to minimise the adverse effects of construction works, over-conservative restrictions on vibration may lead to significant and unnecessary cost increases. A programme of research has been undertaken to provide data and advice by which objections to schemes may be judged and a means of assessing the environmental impact of vibration from construction works. This paper focuses on one aspect of this research: ground vibration caused by vibrating rollers. A literature review revealed little published work relating to vibration from vibratory compaction. Extensive data were therefore acquired from construction sites including a range of roller types, topographies, fill types and soil types. In addition, a controlled trial of vibration from a range of vibrating rollers operated on a specially constructed test bed was undertaken. An empirical model was developed, based on readily available information, to predict the peak particle velocity at distances of up to 100 m from the source. The predictor was derived largely from the controlled trial data and has been validated by fitting to the data from construction sites.

Prediction of groundborne vibration from vibrating rollers

The increasing size and power of modern construction plant and its potential to cause damage or disturbance, coupled with a growing requirement for assessment of environmental impacts of construction works, have led to a need for reliable ground vibration prediction. While there is a growing need to minimise the adverse effects of construction works, over-conservative restrictions on vibration may lead to significant and unnecessary cost increases. A programme of research has been undertaken to provide data and advice by which objections to schemes may be judged and a means of assessing the environmental impact of vibration from construction works. This paper focuses on one aspect of this research: ground vibration caused by vibrating rollers. A literature review revealed little published work relating to vibration from vibratory compaction. Extensive data were therefore acquired from construction sites including a range of roller types, topographies, fill types and soil types. In addition, a controlled trial of vibration from a range of vibrating rollers operated on a specially constructed test bed was undertaken. An empirical model was developed, based on readily available information, to predict the peak particle velocity at distances of up to 100 m from the source. The predictor was derived largely from the controlled trial data and has been validated by fitting to the data from construction sites.

Improved prediction of ground vibrations from blasting at quarries

An examination of data recorded for 23 blasts at a lime-stone quarry in North Yorkshire, England, led to the the formulation of a modified scaled-distance model. By taking account of the specific conditions at the blast monitoring locations the modified model gives increased confidence in vibration predictions, thus allowing the quarry operator to employ greater maximum instantaneous charge weights without increasing the risk that prescribed peak particle velocity vibration limits will be exceeded.

PREDICTION OF GROUND VIBRATION FROM TRAINS USING SEISMIC REFLECTIVITY METHODS FOR A POROUS SOIL

Biot's model of wave propagation in porous isotropic materials is explored for predicting ground vibration from rail vehicles on vertically heterogeneous isotropic saturated soil and rock using seismic reflectivity methods combined with a multi-degree-of-freedom model of a transit vehicle bogie. A sketch of the mathematical theory, canonical results for step loads on a porous half-space, spectral responses for simple layer profiles, and an example of a prediction for rail transit vehicles are presented. The model indicates that saturation of the soil introduces excess attenuation in the vibration response of the soil, and that both pitch and roll moments in addition to vertical forces caused by the vehicle bogie may be significant sources of vibration.

Prediction of ground vibrations caused by pile driving: a new methodology : D. Jongmans, Engineering Geology, 42(1), 1996, pp 25–36

Prediction of ground vibrations caused by pile driving: a new methodology : D. Jongmans, Engineering Geology, 42(1), 1996, pp 25–36

Prediction of ground vibrations caused by pile driving: A new methodology

Estimates of ground motion generated during pile driving are usually made through empirical relationships and, more recently, using databases and expert systems. Vibration amplitudes, durations and waveforms, however, strongly depend on the geometry and the dynamic properties of the layers at a given site as well as the source characteristics. From previous results it seems difficult to predict vibrations in a proper way without knowing the main features of the site. The method proposed in this paper consists in determining the geometry and the dynamic characteristics of the geological layers by classical seismic tests, assuming that the structure is horizontally layered. On this basis, the propagation function of the site can be computed for any source point in the medium. The motion at the surface can then be obtained by convolution of the Green's function with the source function if this latter is known. As the energy transmission from the pile to the soil is very complex and in the plastic range, we propose to find an equivalent linear source function which is able to explain the main features of the recorded vibrations. This equivalent source function depends on the driving system and on the soil characteristics at the pile toe. This method has been successfully tested on one site, where different driving systems were used, and has been able to simulate waveforms and attenuation curves correctly for various penetration depths.

Putting ground vibration predictions into practice : Pal Roy, P Colliery GuardV241, N2, March 1993, P63–67, 70

The blast vibration prediction model developed at the Central Mining Research Station (CMRS), India, simultaneously takes account of the decay of amplitude due to geometrical spreading and inelastic attenuation. The equations consider a zone of disturbance in terms of scaled distance beyond which vibrations will be zero elsewhere. The paper reports a study analysing data from 13 different coal and metal mines and one hyd-el project, in various parts of India, to assess the validation of the model. Three categories of operating mode were considered: surface blasting - surface measurements; surface blasting - underground measurements; and tunnel blasting - surface measurements. Values of site constants, correlation coefficient and index of determination for the 14 sites are presented. 2 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs., 4 photos.

Prediction and control of ground vibration due to blasting : Pal Roy, P Colliery GuardV239, N7, Nov 1991, P215–219

Several methods exist for predicting ground movements induced by blasting. Such methods must be relatively simple in order to be acceptable in common engineering practice. This largely precludes the use of numerical simulations. Nevertheless, it must be recognised that ground vibrations induced by blasting are the consequence of a complex series of events. Presently used predictors cannot account for all these, and they produce large deviations of the actual values from the predicted values. Although it is unlikely that all of these can be accounted for in detail by means of simple closed form expressions, it is probable that better predictability can be achieved by accounting explicitly for dominant aspects of pulse initiation and propagation. A number of investigators have studied ground vibrations from blasting and have developed theoretical analyses to explain the experimental data. Eight predictor equations are analysed by using data compiled in situ from eight different rock masses. Comparative studies are made to assess the validity of a particular model for a particular rock mass. Conclusions indicate the most suitable model for a particular situation. 27 refs., 9 tabs.

Ground vibration caused by construction works

Investigations have been undertaken to improve techniques for the prediction and control of ground vibration caused by civil engineering construction works. Contemporary damage and nuisance criteria are reviewed and factors affecting the input and propagation of ground vibration are discussed. Field data from numerous sites in the United Kingdom are summarised to provide some guidance as to the relative importance of various sources (e.g., traffic, piling, tunnelling, blasting). A methodology for trial blasting is given, with recommendations for the deployment and specification of the equipment. Data processing and presentation format is described and a “site-specific” scaling method given, which provides improved correlation between peak particle velocity and scaled distance. The use of peak particle velocity as a damage-hazard specifier is discussed in relation to other dynamic parameters that also affect damage to structures. Options regarding the distribution of vibration-associated risks between Employer and Contractor are considered in the context of legal and contractual obligations. Une enquête a été entreprise afin d'améliorer les techniques de prédiction et de contrôle de vibrations du sol provoquées par les travaux de génie civil. les critères actuels relatifs aux dommages et aux nuisances sont passés en revue et on discute des facteurs affectant l'énergie et la propagation des vibrations dans le sol. Les donées expérimentales recueillies sur de nombreux sites du Royaume Uni sont résumées afin de fournir des indications quant à l'importance relative de sources variées (par exemple, circulation de véhicules à moteur, battage des pieux, creusement de tunnels, tirs de mines). On donne une méthodologie pour le tir de mines d'essai, avec des recommandations quant au déploiement et aux specifications de l'équipment le traitement des données et le format de présentation sont décrits et on donne une méthode d'espacement spécifique au site fournissant une meilleure corrélation entre la vitesse particulaire maximale et la distance d'espacement. On discute l'utilisation de la vitesse particulaire maximale en tant que déterminant du risque de dommage par comparaison avec d'autres paramètres dynamique qui influent aussi sur le dommage aux structures. On considére différentes options de distribution entre le client et l'entrepreneur des risque relatifs aux vibations, dans le contexte des obligations légales et contractuelles.

Prediction of ground vibration due to blasting : Silitonga, M In: Ground Movement and Control Related to Coal Mining (papers to the Symposium, Illawarra, August 1986)P74–81. Publ Parkville: AusIMM, 1986

Prediction of ground vibration due to blasting : Silitonga, M In: Ground Movement and Control Related to Coal Mining (papers to the Symposium, Illawarra, August 1986)P74–81. Publ Parkville: AusIMM, 1986

Prediction of ground vibration due to blasting : Silitonga, M In: Ground Movement and Control Related to Coal Mining (papers to the Symposium, Illawarra, August 1986)P74–81. Publ Parkville: AusIMM, 1986

Prediction of ground vibration due to blasting : Silitonga, M In: Ground Movement and Control Related to Coal Mining (papers to the Symposium, Illawarra, August 1986)P74–81. Publ Parkville: AusIMM, 1986

A study for ground vibration prediction

A study for ground vibration prediction

Prediction of ground vibrations from blasting on opencast sites. Technical note : Birch, W J; Chaffer, R Trans Inst Min Metall (Sect A Min Ind), V92, April 1983, pA103–A107

Prediction of ground vibrations from blasting on opencast sites. Technical note : Birch, W J; Chaffer, R Trans Inst Min Metall (Sect A Min Ind), V92, April 1983, pA103–A107