Predicted Research Articles

Product Functional Degradation Assessment Based on Interval Number Prediction

Product Functional Degradation Assessment Based on Interval Number Prediction

COVID-19: Our Coverage This Week

Dear readers,This week, NEJM Journal Watch covered COVID-19 research topics including the limited positive predictive value of rapid SARS-CoV-2

Mutual prediction of peer relationship and internalizing problem of preschool children

Objective To investigate the mutual prediction relationship between peer relationship and internalizing problem. Methods One-year follow up survey was conducted with a sample of 220 preschool children from 4 kindergartens in Shandong province. The quality of peer relationship and degree of internalizing problem were evaluated with the Peer Relationship Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist Cross-lagged panel analysis was used for mutual prediction among variables. Results The quality of preschool children’s peer relationship showed an increasing trend with grade ( F = 6.40, 4.81, P <0.01), while the degree of internalizing problem showed a downward trend ( F = 7.65, 5.46, P <0.01). The predictive effect of pre-test peer relationship and internalizing problem on post-test corresponding behaviors were all statistically significant ( β = 0. 56, 0. 49, P < 0. 01). The predictive effect of pre-test peer relationship on post-test internalizing problem was statistically significant( β = -0.19, P <0.05). Conclusion Both peer relationship and internalizing problem has a certain stability across time, and early peer relationship and internalizing problem could predict later corresponding behaviors. Early peer relationship can predict later internalizing problem, while early internalizing problem cannot predict later peer relationship. 【摘要】 目的 考察学龄前儿童同伴关系和内化问题之间的相互预测关系, 为有效改善儿童青少年心理健康状况提供参 考依据。 方法 采用整群抽样方法, 使用儿童社会性发展量表和儿童行为核对表对山东省荷泽市4所幼儿园220名学龄 前儿童进行为期1年的追踪调查, 采用交叉滞后分析考察主要变量之间的相互预测关系。 结果 随着年级升高, 学龄前儿 童的同伴关系得分呈上升趋势 ( F 值分别为6.40和4.81, P 值均<0.01), 而内化问题得分则呈下降趋势 ( F 值分别为7.65 和5.46, P 值均<0.01);学龄前儿童前测时的同伴关系和内化问题对后测对应行为的预测作用均有统计学意义 ( β 值分别 为0.56,0.49, P 值均<0.01);前测同伴关系对后测内化问题的预测作用有统计学意义 (β = -0.19, P<0.05)。 结论 同伴关 系和内化问题均表现出跨时间的稳定性, 早期同伴关系和内化问题均能预测后期的对应行为。早期同伴关系能够预测后 期内化问题, 而早期内化问题无法预测后期同伴关系。

Experimental and numerical prediction of the weakened zone of a ceramic bonded to a metal

In this study, a three-dimensional Finite Element Model has been developed to estimate the size of the weakened zone in a bi-material a ceramic bonded to metal. The calculations results were compared to those obtained using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In the case of elastic-plastic behaviour of the structure, it has been shown that the simulation results are coherent with the experimental findings. This indicates that Finite Element modeling allows an accurate prediction and estimation of the weakening effect of residual stresses on the bonding interface of Alumina. The obtained results show us that the three-dimensional numerical simulation used by the Finite Element Method, allows a good prediction of the weakened zone extent of a ceramic, which is bonded with a metal.

Ultimate shear strength prediction model for unreinforced masonryretrofitted externally with textile reinforced mortar

Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls present low shear strength and are prone to brittle failure when subjected to in-plane seismic overloads. This paper discusses the shear strengthening of URM walls with Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) jackets. The available literature is thoroughly reviewed and an extended database is developed including available brick, concrete and stone URM walls retrofitted and subjected to shear tests to assess their strength. Further, the experimental results of the database are compared against the available shear strength design models from ACI 549.4R-13, CNR DT 215 2018, CNR DT 200 R1/2013, Eurocode 6 and Eurocode 8 guidelines as well as Triantafillou and Antonopoulos 2000, Triantafillou 1998, Triantafillou 2016. The performance of the available models is investigated and the prediction average absolute error (AAE) is as high as 40%. A new model is proposed that takes into account the additional contribution of the reinforcing mortar layer of the TRM jacket that is usually neglected. Further, the approach identifies the plethora of different block materials, joint mortars and TRM mortars and grids and introduces rational calibration of their variable contributions on the shear strength. The proposed model provides more accurate shear strength predictions than the existing models for all different types of the URM substrates, with a low AAE equal to 22.95%.

Psychometric Properties and Factor Analysis of Hindi Version of the Meta-Emotion Scale

This study was carried out to establish the construct, convergent and predictive validity of Hindi translation of Meta-emotions Scale in Hindi speaking Indian cultural context. For the purpose 16 to 78 years old 1324 men and women participants with High School education from Chowk and adjoining areas of Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh, India, completed the Hindi version of 28-items Metaemotions Scale (MES). Factor analysis (principal components) on Hindi version of MES (MES-H) by applying Varimex rotation method with the loading equal to or more than 0.400, Eigen value equal to 1.00, and Scree plot suggested two to three factors, and finally, confirmatory factor analysis by AMO Sindicated a two factor model with an acceptable goodness of model fit on 19 items. The content of 10 items of the first factor and 9 items of second factor yielded two behavioral components, i.e., Positive Meta-emotions and Negative Meta-emotions. The psychometric properties of the MES-H demonstrated good internal consistency with acceptable reliability, construct and convergent validity. The gender and age differences analyses also indicated that women manifested significantly higher positive meta-emotions and negative meta-emotions in comparison to men, and older as compared to younger participants demonstrated significantly high levels of positive meta-emotions indicating good predictive validity. These findings indicated that the MES-Hindi may be considered as a reliable and valid measurement of meta-emotions in Hindi speaking Indian cultural context.

Detection of EDA gene mutation and phenotypic analysis in patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

Objective To detect the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene mutation in patients with hypohidro-tic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), and to analyze the distribution pattern of missing permanent teeth and the systemic manifestation of HED patients with EDA gene mutation. Methods Twelve HED families were enrolled from clinic for genetic history collection, systemic physical examination and oral examination. Peripheral blood or saliva samples were collected from the probands and the family members to extract genomic DNA. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were utilized to detect the EDA gene variations, which were compared with the normal sequence (NM_001399.5). The functional impact of EDA gene variants was then evaluated by functional prediction of mutation, conservation analysis and protein structure prediction. The pathogenicity of each EDA gene variation was assessed according to the stan-dards and guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). The systemic phenotype and missing permanent tooth sites of HED patients with EDA gene mutations were summarized, and the missing rate of each tooth position was analyzed and compared. Results Eight out of twelve HED families were identified to carry EDA gene mutations, including: c.164T>C(p.Leu55Pro); c.457C>T (p.Arg153Cys); c.466C>T(p.Arg156Cys); c. 584G>A(p.Gly195Glu); c.619delG(p.Gly207Profs*73); c.673C>T(p.Pro225Ser); c.676C>T(p.Gln226*) and c.905T>G(p.Phe302Cys). Among them, c.164T>C(p.Leu55Pro); c.619delG(p.Gly207Profs*73); c.673C>T(p.Pro225Ser); c.676C>T(p.Gln226*) and c.905T>G(p.Phe302Cys) were novel mutations. The HED patients with EDA gene mutations in this study were all male. Our results showed that the average number of missing permanent teeth was 13.86±4.49, the average number of missing permanent teeth in the upper jaw was 13.14±5.76, the missing rate was 73.02%. And in the lower jaw, the average number of missing permanent teeth was 14.57±3.05, the missing rate was 80.95%. There was no significant difference in the number of missing teeth between the left and right sides of the permanent dentition (P>0.05). Specifi-cally, the maxillary lateral incisors, the maxillary second premolars and the mandibular lateral incisors were more likely to be missing, while the maxillary central incisors, the maxillary and mandibular first molars had higher possibility of persistence. Conclusion This study detected novel EDA gene pathogenic variants and summarized the distribution pattern of missing permanent teeth of HED patients, thus enriched the variation and phenotype spectrum of EDA gene, and provided new clinical evidence for genetic diagnosis and prenatal consultation.

Analytical post-heating behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular columns containing tire rubber

This research focused on analyzing the post-fire behavior of high-performance concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns, with the concrete containing tire rubber and steel fibers, under axial compressive loading. The finite element (FE) modeling of such heated columns containing recycled aggregate is a branch of this field which has not received the proper attention of researchers. Better understanding the post-fire behavior of these columns by measuring their residual strength and deformation is critical for achieving the minimum repair level required for structures damaged in the fire. Therefore, to develop this model, 19 groups of confined and unconfined specimens with the variables including the volume ratio of steel fibers, tire rubber content, diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratio of the steel tube, and exposure temperature were considered. The ABAQUS software was employed to model the tested specimens so that the accurate behavior of the FE-modeled specimens could be examined under test conditions. To achieve desirable results for the modeling of the specimens, in addition to the novel procedure described in this research, the modified versions of models presented by previous researchers were also utilized. After the completion of modeling, the load-axial strain and load-lateral strain relationships, ultimate strength, and failure mode of the modeled CFST specimens were evaluated against the test data, through which the satisfactory accuracy of this modeling procedure was established. Afterward, using a parametric study, the effect of factors such as the concrete core strength at different temperatures and the D/t ratio on the behavior of the CFST columns was explored. Finally, the compressive strength values obtained from the FE model were compared with the corresponding values predicted by various codes, the results of which indicated that most codes were conservative in terms of these predictions.

Prediction model for concrete carbonation depth using gene expression programming

Concrete can lose its alkalinity by concrete carbonation causing steel corrosion. Thus, the determination of the carbonation depth is necessary. An empirical model is proposed in this research to predict the carbonation depth of concrete using Gene expression programming (GEP). The GEP model was trained and validated using a large and reliable database collected from the literature. The model was developed using the six parameters that predominantly control the carbonation depth of concrete including carbon dioxide CO2 concentration, relative humidity, water-to-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, aggregate to binder ratio and carbonation period. The model was statistically evaluated and then compared to the Jiang et al. model. A parametric study was finally performed to check the proposed GEP model's sensitivity to the selected input parameters.

Perception of residents and workers toward the environmental health effects of the dumpsite in Solous Igando, Lagos, Nigeria

Dumpsites are an ideal breeding ground for disease vectors such as rats and mosquitoes, which may channel severe health issues to the nearby residents and dumpsite workers. The present study aimed to assess the effects of waste disposal at a dumpsite on the surrounding human settlements and health of the workers. In this descriptive study, data were collected from the households within the 0-3-kilometer radius to the dumpsite, as well as the dumpsite workers using structured questionnaires. In total, 150 respondents from the human settlements around the dumpsite participated in the study, including 61 dumpsite workers. Test of independence indicated a significant correlation between the perception of the dumpsite workers and community dwellers toward the dumpsite as a source of health-deteriorating agents (χ2 [1; n=211]=14.00; P=0.001). Dumpsite odor, insect and rodent infestation, and burning activities could predict the ill health status of the dumpsite workers with the final predictive model (ill health status=0.439 + [0.645*odor of dumpsite] + [0.106*insect and rodent infestation] + [-0.151*burning activities on dumpsite]; F[3,57]=21.70; P<0.05). According to the results, the human settlements in the vicinity of the dumpsite were discontented with the landfill and its adverse health effects (e.g., malaria, typhoid, skin infection). However, the dumpsite workers disagreed with the viewpoint regarding disease contraction from the dumpsite, stating that they were not dissatisfied with working on the dumpsite.

Diagnostic efficacy of clinical decision tree and integral model in tuberculous pleurisy

Objective To explore the diagnostic efficacy of clinical decision tree and integral model in tuberculous pleurisy. Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in patients with pleural effusion admitted to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from January 1 to June 30, 2019. Patients with pleural effusion were randomly enrolled into the clinical decision tree group and the integral model group. Two kinds of comprehensive diagnosis models were used for diagnosis, and the diagnostic efficacy of the two methods was compared. Results The clinical decision tree group included 127 patients, 90 male, 37 female, 18–88 years old, with an average age of (49.33±19.63) years. Finally, 108 cases of tuberculous pleurisy and 19 cases of non tuberculous pleurisy were diagnosed. In the integral model group, 120 patients were included, including 89 males and 31 females, 13-84 years old, with an average age of (46.41±20.01) years. 94 cases of tuberculous pleurisy and 26 cases of non tuberculous pleurisy were finally diagnosed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of clinical decision tree method were 57.4%, 78.9%, 93.9%, 24.6% and 60.6% respectively; and of integral model method were 75.5%, 96.2%, 98.6%, 52.1% and 80.0% respectively. Conclusion The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the integral model method in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy were higher than that of the clinical decision tree method. The method is simple and can be widely used in the clinical diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. 摘要：目的 探讨临床决策树法与积分模型法对结核性胸膜炎的诊断效能。 方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究方 法, 以2019年1月1日一2019年6月30日武汉市肺科医院收治的胸腔积液患者为研究对象。符合人组标准的胸腔积液 患者随机人组临床决策树法组和积分模型法组, 分别采用两种综合诊断模型进行诊断, 对比两组方法的诊断效能。 结果 临床决策树组共纳人127例患者, 其中男性90例, 女性37例, 年龄18~88岁, 平均(49.33±19.63)岁, 最后诊断结 核性胸膜炎108例, 非结核性胸膜炎19例；积分模型组共纳人120例患者, 其中男性89例, 女性31例, 年龄13 ~ 84岁, 平均(46.41±20.01)岁 , 最后诊断结核性胸膜炎94例 , 非结核性胸膜炎26例。临床决策树法诊断结核性胸膜炎的敏感 度57.4%, 特异度78.9%, 阳性预测值93.9%, 阴性预测值24.6%, 诊断准确率60.6%;积分模型法诊断结核性胸膜炎的敏 感度75.5%, 特异度96.2%, 阳性预测值98.6%, 阴性预测值52.1%, 诊断准确率80.0%。 结论 积分模型法诊断结核性胸 膜炎敏感度、特异度及诊断准确率均髙于临床决策树法, 方法简单, 可推广应用于结核性胸膜炎的临床诊断

Machine Learning Approaches for Prediction of Phase Equilibria in Poly (Ethylene Glycol) + Sodium Phosphate Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

In this research, liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were experimentally obtained for the ternary systems of (water + carboxylic acid + dipropyl ether) at T = 298.2 K and P = 101.3 kPa. The carboxylic acids used in this study were isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid. All these systems are according to Treybal classification, Type-2 systems because the two binary subsystems are partially miscible. The lowest distribution coefficients and separation factors were calculated for isobutyric acid (40 and 329, respectively). The authenticity of the experimental equilibrium data was identified from Hand and Othmer-Tobias correlations. The experimental tie-line data were correlated by using the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) activity coefficient models. RMSD values are between 0.0112 and 0.0155 for the NRTL model, and are between 0.0083 and 0.0153 for UNIQUAC model.

Predictions of the maximum plate end stresses of imperfect FRP strengthened RC beams: study and analysis

A theoretical method to predict the interfacial stresses in the adhesive layer of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with porous FRP plate is presented in this paper. The effect due to porosity is incorporated utilizing a new modified rule of mixture covering the porosity phases. The adherend shear deformations have been included in the present theoretical analyses by assuming a linear shear stress through the thickness of the adherends. Remarkable effect of the porosity has been noted in the results. Indeed, the resulting interfacial stresses concentrations are considerably smaller than those obtained by other models which neglect the porosity effect. It was found that the interfacial stresses are highly concentrated at the end of the FRP plate, the minimization of the latter can be achieved by using porous FRP plate in particular at the end. It is also shown that the interfacial stresses of the RC beam increase with volume fraction of fibers, but decrease with the thickness of the adhesive layer.

Resilience, Mindfulness and Flourishing in Middle Aged Adults

Resilience refers to one’s ability to overcome challenges. Mindfulness is an attitude of awareness and non-judgmentally accepting one’s moment-to-moment experience. Flourishing includes a range of positive concepts and offers a more holistic construct to being well and happy. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between mindfulness, resilience and flourishing. The current study was conducted on 111 middle aged adults from the age of 40-60 years old. The results showed that mindfulness, resilience and flourishing were all significantly related to one another. It was also seen that those who were working were significantly more mindful and resilient than those who were not. Lastly, the results also showed that resilience and flourishing were predicted by mindfulness. The study has important implications for the field of positive psychology.

Psychological Well-being and its Relationship with the Academic Achievement of Dambi Dollo University Students

The main aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between psychological well-being and academic achievement. One hundred twenty-three (69 males & 54 female) university students selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Six standardized tools of psychological wellbeing used to collect data. Data analysis using correlation and multiple regressions revealed that academic achievement was significantly associated with overall students’ psychological well-being. The findings stated that psychological wellbeing was found as an important predictor of students’ academic achievement. Specifically, environmental mastery was significantly predicted academic achievement of Dambi Dollo university students.

Anxiety status and its influencing factors of nurses fighting COVID-19

Objective To understand the anxiety status and related influencing factors of nurses fighting against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and we provide guidance for improving first-line clinical nurses'anxiety. Methods The 196 first-line clinical nurses who fought against COVID-19 in the Sixth People's Hospital of Hebei Province from January 24 to February 25, 2020 were selected. Self rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to investigate the anxiety status of clinical first-line nurses. Single factor and multiple stepwise Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors affecting anxiety of clinical first-line nurses. The area under curve of the ROC curve was used to judge the prediction ability of the model to the anxiety of clinical first-line nurses. Results Among 196 clinical first-line nurses, 82 had anxiety, the proportion was 41.8% (82/196). Univariate analysis showed that fatigue, public health emergencies, personality type, informing family members in the first line, only child, panic and sleep quality were related to anxiety of clinical first-line nurses ( P <0.05). Multiple stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that fatigue [ OR (95% CI ) =1.952 (1.204-4.216)], introversion [ OR (95% CI ) =1.846 (1.115-3.938)],panic [ OR (95%CI) =2.428 (1.537-6.620)] and poor sleep quality [ OR (95%CI) =2.713 (1.715-7.258)] were independent risk factors for anxiety of clinical first-line nurses ( P <0.05), while participation in public health emergencies [ OR (95% CI ) =0.628(0.316-0.964)] and informing family members to be on the first-line [ OR (95% CI )=0.593 (0.248-0.917)] were protective factors for anxiety of clinical first-line nurses ( P <0.05). The area under curve of ROC was 0.928 (95%CI: 0.868-0.984, P <0.05). Conclusion Some of the first-line clinical nurses fighting against NCP have anxiety, and there are many influencing factors, so psychological counseling and humanistic care should be taken to intervene to improve the anxiety of nurses. 摘要：目的 了解抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)护士的焦虑状况及其相关影响因素,为改善临床一线护士的 焦虑提供指导。 方法 选取2020年1月24日一2020年2月25日河北省第六人民医院抗击新冠肺炎的196名临床一线 护士。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)对临床一线护士的焦虑状况进行调査,应用单因素及多元逐步Logistic回归分析影响 临床一线护士焦虑的危险因素。应用受试者工作特征( ROC )曲线下面积判断该模型对临床一线护士焦虑的预测能力。 结果 临床一线护士 196人中,82人有焦虑,构成比为41.8%(82/196)。单因素分析显示,容易疲劳、参加过突发公共卫 生事件、性格类型、告知家人在一线、独生子女、恐慌及睡眠质量与临床一线护士焦虑有关( P <0.05)。多元逐步Logistic 回归分析显示,容易疲劳[ OR (95% CI ) = 1.952(1.204~4.216)]、性格内向[ OR (95% CI )=1.846(1.115~3.938)]、恐慌[ OR (95% CI )=2.428(1.537~6.620)]及睡眠质量差[ OR (95% CI )=2.713(1.715~7.258)]是影响临床一线护士焦虑的独立危险 因素( P <0.05),而参加过突发公共卫生事件[ OR (95% CI )=0.628(0.316~0.964)]及告知家人在一线[ OR (95% CI )=0.593 (0.248~0.917)]是临床一线护士焦虑的保护因素( P <0.05)。该模型ROC曲线下面积为0.928(95% CI :0.868~0.984, P <0.05)。 结论 部分抗击新冠肺炎临床一线护士存在焦虑,其影响因素较多,应采取心理疏导和人文关怀等措施进行干 预,以改善护士的焦虑状况。

In-plane seismic performance of masonry wall retrofittedwith prestressed steel-bar truss

An external prestressed steel-bar truss unit was developed as a new strengthening technology to enhance the seismic performance of an in-plane masonry wall structure while taking advantage of the benefits of a prestressed system. The presented method consists of six steel bars: two prestressed vertical bars to introduce a prestressing force on the masonry wall, two diagonal bars to resist shear deformation, and two horizontal bars to maintain the configuration. To evaluate the effects of this new technique, four full-scale specimens, including a control specimen, were tested under combined loadings that included constant-gravity axial loads and cyclic lateral loads. The experimental results were analyzed in terms of the shear strength, initial stiffness, dissipated energy, and strain history. The efficiency of the external prestressed steel-bar truss unit was validated. In particular, a retrofitted specimen with an axial load level of 0.024 exhibited a more stable post behavior and higher energy dissipation than a control specimen with an observed complete sliding failure. The four vertical bars of the adjacent retrofitting units created a virtual column, and their strain values did not change until they reached the peak shear strength. The shear capacity of the masonry wall structure with external prestressed steel-bar truss units could be predicted using the model suggested by Yang et al.

Trajectory prediction of hypersonic glide vehicle based on SVM and EKF

Trajectory prediction of hypersonic glide vehicle based on SVM and EKF

Prediction of the MMSE up to 6 years ahead with cross‐cohort replications

AbstractBackgroundMost of the studies that focus on the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prediction forecast a dementia label: cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairments or AD. However these labels cannot always be compared across cohorts, are not perfectly accurate and describe the disease thanks to a limited number of stages (only 3) which, in practice, is a continuous progression. For these reasons, we predict a cognitive test (MMSE) that has a finer discretization and is similarly assessed across cohorts.MethodThe Bayesian mixed‐effects model introduced in (Schiratti et al. 2015, NIPS) allows to estimate the average temporal progression of a subset of scores from ADNI, out of the individual longitudinal data. This profile is personalized to individuals from the ADNI cohort but also AIBL and PharmaCOG. It allows to predict future values (1.5 to 6 years after the last seen visit). To measure the error of prediction, the value to predict is hidden and then compared to the prediction. This error is compared to the (i) constant prediction (i.e. no MMSE change), (ii) linear and (iii) logit regressions and (iv) the test‐retest MMSE noise ‐ whose standard deviation is 2.8 out of 30 (Clark et al, 1999, Archives of Neurology) ‐ which is the best achievable score.ResultThe constant prediction, while being trivial, is better than the linear and logit regressions [Figure 1]. Moreover, it is of the order of the noise (i.e. best possible prediction) for horizons of less than 3 years. In any case, our prediction is of the noise order or smaller than the constant prediction, allowing to predict accurately the MMSE at any temporal horizon. Moreover, the accuracy on the AIBL and PharmaCOG [Figures 2 and 3] datasets highlights the potential of the model to generalize to patients from other cohorts but also in real‐life applications.ConclusionThe constant prediction outperforms standard regression techniques (linear and logit) due to the important noise level of the MMSE and the fact that the progression of the disease occurs over long periods of time. However, our model is able to beat this prediction for far enough temporal horizons.

Experimental Data and Modeling of Salt Effect on Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of the Ternary (Water+1-Propanol+Hexane) System at 298K

The effect of NaCl on the LLE data for the ternary system, water + 1-propanol + hexane, were determined at 298Kunder atmospheric pressure. The curve of solubility and tie-line data of this system were determined by experimental analysis. The experimental results showed that the addition of NaCl significantly affected the two-phase region of the ternary system, the enlargement of the two-phase region occurred with an increase of salt concentration in the initial aqueous phase. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were also calculated and compared at different NaCl concentrations. In addition, the experimental tie-line data were correlated with the NRTL model. Also, the parameters of this model were estimated with five nature-inspired metaheuristic solvers. These algorithms are Genetic Algorithms (GA), Monkey- Krill Herd Hybrid (MAKHA), Intelligent Firefly Algorithm (IFA), Cuckoo Search (CS), and Harmony Search Algorithm(HAS). The capabilities and limitations of these solvers have been analyzed. Results showed that all algorithms outperformed, in particular, MAKHA give the best efficiency-reliability for the prediction of LLE.