Pre-construction Stage Research Articles

VARIABLES AND INDICATORS TO MEASURE THE PERFORMANCE OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF CITY PARK

City people need a quality city park. It makes the city park development project anticipate the needs of the community and the environment. Currently, city parks in Jakarta aren’t qualified, because the gaps in the management of city park construction projects. The research aim is to provide a set of variables and indicators that influence the pre-construction stage of managing a sustainable City Park construction project to measurement city park project cost performance and quality, as a reference for increasing the achievement of city park functions. This study applies a combination of Soft System Methodology (SSM) and Hard System Methodology (HSM) with Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and questionnaires. This research is consultant's point of view pilot project. The research results are a set of variables and indicators for performance measurement as a basis for developing a model of sustainable city park construction projects management in future research.

Pre-design CSFs (critical success factors) of building projects for Dubai's development boom

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the pre-design critical success factors CSFs pertaining to different types of construction projects in the rapidly growing city of Dubai, by adopting one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools, analytic hierarchy process (AHP).Design/methodology/approachA mapping process was utilized to filter and categorize CSFs gathered from a literature review. A total of 5 main and 27 sub-main criteria were derived following RIBA's Plan of Work 2020 (Royal Institute of British Architects). A questionnaire was distributed among experts in the construction industry to assess the development in vicinity of the Sheikh Zayed Road (SZR). An analysis was conducted to prioritize the CSFs as per experts' judgment.FindingsAccording to the experts' combined judgment, CSFs linked to client requirements (CR) are the most significant at 22.9% priority weight. Overall project review (OPR), project team (PT), project preparation (PP), previous projects feedback and experience (PPF) success factors achieved 21.4, 19.5, 18.9 and 17.2%, respectively. Within CR, sub-CSFs of client consultation and acceptance (CCA), responsibly matrix for stakeholders (RM), client track record (CTR) and client level of service (CLS) were prioritized by the experts.Research limitations/implicationsThis work was carried out by respondents based in UAE only, and focused on one urban stretch of Dubai, this could be replicated by employing experts from other countries and other case study areas within Dubai.Practical implicationsThis study would significantly have an impact on the education of current and future project managers, planners, engineers, architects and, most importantly, decision-makers on helpful pre-design strategies for enhancing their project success. This research could assist, direct and educate management, as the management provides/manages the necessary resources for projects. Furthermore, management also has the authority to choose project leaders/consultants that will make the project successful.Social implicationsConsolidating Dubai's phenomenal growth requires prioritizing socio-economic strategies in future development projects at the pre-design and pre-construction stage, which will improve the city's business environment and the quality of life for Dubai's residents. This opens up fresh possibilities over the next few years for integrating robust procedures for successful execution, monitoring and evaluation of future construction developments from the outset.Originality/valueAlthough many studies have identified various factors as important for successful building projects, few appear to have done a complete analysis using pre-design criteria to systematically categorize professional views on the relative relevance of CSFs. There is a lack in research examining the factors that led to Dubai's successful construction projects. This study attempts to bridge this gap and provide a prioritized framework reference model to assist project/asset managers and decision-makers.

The Effect of Capital Project Planning on Construction Project Delivery in Nigeria

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of capital project planning on project delivery in Nigeria. To do this, a survey of relevant literature on the subject was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of solid project planning on the various capital projects. The study by Idoro (2012) & Inuwa (2015) in Nigeria, Fateh et al (2022) in Malaysia, Owuor (2022) in Kenya, Yehualashet (2023) in Ethiopia, Gaur (2023) in India and Baleni et al (2023) in Botswana gave credence to the fact that there is significant influence of project planning on the performance of construction projects. Oladigbolu et al (2022) further recommends that the use of all project planning methods, both employees and employers, enlightenment line of balance method for project planning, monitoring & evaluation would ensure optimum project performance. The Nigerian government and her multiple procurement organizations are challenged by the outcome of this research to demonstrate greater concern, devote more resources, and increase their efforts to project planning at the preconstruction stage of their projects.

Konsultasi Publik Kegiatan Revitalisasi Gedung Cagar Budaya

The Wharen Huis Building is a building protected by Law Number 11 of 2010 and the Mayor of Medan Decree Number 433/28.K/X/2021. As a preservation and protection effort that will create an optimal function while protecting or maintaining the authenticity of the Wharen Huis Building as a Cultural Heritage of Medan City, the Government of Medan City through the Housing, Residential Areas and Spatial Planning Office of Medan City plans to revitalize the Wharen Huis Cultural Heritage Building by not violating the applicable theories and regulations related to historic building conservation efforts. The Wharen Huis Heritage Building Revitalization/Restoration Activity Plan consists of 3 (three) stages of activity, namely the pre-construction stage, the construction stage, and the operational stage. Each stage of these activities is predicted to have an impact on the environment. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of State for the Environment No. 4 of 2021, the Revitalization of the Wharen Huis Cultural Heritage Building must have a Type C Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL). Referring to Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, those in charge of businesses and/or activities in preparing an EIA must go through the stages of public consultation. The results of the public consultation obtained input related to building ownership, transportation circulation and support for the preservation of cultural heritage. Public consultation activities obtained several important issues that became input in public consultation activities, including the following 1. Regarding the revitalization of the Wharen Huis Cultural Heritage Building, the Medan City Government should be able to coordinate or communicate with the building owner in terms of managing the building, 2. In its construction, there will be an impact that the circulation of transportation passing through the building must be disturbed, it should be necessary to place parking bags to the west of the building that still exists and 3. we are very enthusiastic and supportive in revitalizing this building as an example for the public interest and become something different in terms of learning historical buildings in Medan City.

The future of the sustainable green architecture through technology

ABSTRACT Green and sustainable buildings have gained a lot of importance in recent years due to growing environmental concerns where developed and developing countries have their own evaluation systems and methods of qualifying green or sustainable construction. According to Egypt Vision 2030: Sustainable Development Strategy, Egypt’s population is expected to increase significantly. Therefore, this will require an increase in the percentage of areas planned and built, resulting in more construction sites and land areas being used to cover this alarmingly rapid demographic increase. There is an urgent need to provide guidelines and strategies for the development of the construction sector as a catalyst for the green building, therefore effective decisions on the sustainable design of the building facility can be made only during the early design and pre-construction stages. Traditional planning and construction does not support the possibility of such early decisions. There is a lack of integration in design procedures leading to an ineffective process of previously changing the design to achieve a sustainable building-friendly environment So BIM represents a shift in the traditional process of delivering buildings, where the Green Building Information Model (BIM) is a data provider application to assess energy performance and sustainability. As Green BIM’s extensive and practical application remains largely unrealized. Failure to understand the application of sustainability measures to the BIM design process is a major obstacle. So that there is a need to create a consensus between BIM and green buildings, this paper provides BIM applications in design support, from green buildings and future research trends in this area.

An Exploratory Study on the Impact of the Construction Industry on Climate Change

In the last decade, the construction industry in Egypt has been booming, and many mega projects are under construction. The lack of awareness of the construction industry’s impact on climate change could be very harmful in terms of CO2 emission, water and soil pollution, etc. This paper aims to explore the critical factors in the Egyptian construction industry that contributes to climate change. Moreover, given the shared features between the construction industry in Egypt and those in other countries, this research could also shed light on the general impacts of the construction industry on the various aspects of climate change. So, to achieve this aim, an intensive literature review was carried out to identify various factors contributing to climate change within the construction industry. This is followed by conducting 11 interviews with construction experts to explore any further factors throughout the lifecycle of a construction project. The identified factors from the literature review and the interviews were used to design a questionnaire survey to collect construction professionals’ opinions on the impact of these factors on climate change in Egypt. 48 valid responses were received. The collected data were statistically analyzed to rank and determine the criticality level of these factors. The results revealed that the most significant factors influencing climate change are the impact of industrial construction on climate change, the use of primary renewable energy as raw materials during the construction and use phases, and the effect of heavy civil and highway construction on climate change. The results also show that managing these factors requires considerable awareness and proactive actions during the project life cycle and pre-construction stage. The findings could inform decision-makers and construction professionals to raise awareness and make informed decisions to handle these key factors and minimize their potential contribution to climate change. Therefore, it can be recommended that construction clients may involve a climate change management plan as a requirement of tender documents.

BIM-BASED PROTOTYPE OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

This article tackles the problem of rational and effective planning of the entire construction site, including the planning of mechanisms, equipment, warehouse space, temporary buildings, temporary engineering networks, etc. The authors propose the principles of creating a mathematical model to calculate the needs of construction objects, using the photogrammetry model. The problems raised can be solved with the use of BIM in the preparation for construction planning stage. The prototype mathematical model presented in this article addresses these issues: identify current situation, using photogrammetry model, define optimal number and location of construction site objects, avoid conflicts between cranes, detect possible hoisting problem, avoid overload of cranes, and of course construction site planning. Therefore, it becomes possible to perform a multicriteria decision-making analysis. Extensive analysis in the pre-construction stage is often abandoned due to the lack of data on the current situation, difficult calculations of the need for mechanisms, equipment and simply due to the lack of time to analyze all possible rational solutions. The data received from the created mathematical prototype could also be used in further construction stages for planning human and material resources, the project schedule and cost estimate.

Environmental impact analysis on school building construction in Sawangan 1 State Elementary School, Depok City

One of the goals of development is to improve the welfare of the community by building various supporting facilities and assets in people's lives. Depok City plans to build the Sawangan 1 State Elementary School. Environmental impact analysis studies are needed to predict the environmental impacts that will occur. This research aims to analysis the environmental baseline quality and predict the impacts that will occur as well as how to minimize impacts at the pre-construction stage, construction stage and operation stage. This research using observation method, interview method, and scoping. The results of this study are the initial environmental baseline at the research site indicates that the environmental quality at the research site is in good category, both in terms of ambient air quality, air quality and air quality, in order to create an environmental concept development environment. The predicted impacts that arise in the reconstruction activities of the Sawangan 1 State Elementary School, Depok City are at the pre-construction stage the impact is in the form of public perception, at the construction stage in the form of a decrease in air quality, an increase in increase, an increase in surface runoff, job opportunities and business opportunities, public health problems, domestic waste generation as well as the emergence of positive and negative public perceptions of construction activities, while at the operational stage the predicted impacts will be a decrease in air quality, increased opportunities and job opportunities for the surrounding community, public health problems, changes in environmental sanitation, traffic disturbance traffic and the emergence of public perception. In general, to minimize the negative impacts that occur in any reconstruction activity of the Sawangan 1 Elementary School building, Depok City can be carried out by means of a social approach with the community, carrying out construction activities only during the day, prioritizing local communities as workers, during the construction phase until the construction phase. and as a provider of workers' needs, optimizing reforestation in the environment and greem opem spaces as well as good waste management and complete cleaning facilities so as not to interfere with public health and produce environmentally friendly development.

Energy optimization based on project life cycle (PLC): a literature review

The occurrence of global climate change is caused by the rising temperature of the earth as a result of high CO2 emissions due to excessive energy consumption in the construction sector. Energy consumption in construction activities starts from the pre-construction stage, then the construction stage and finally the post-construction stage. This study aims to find assessment indicators in reducing energy consumption based on literature studies within the scope of the project life cycle (PLC). The method applied here is a qualitative approach by identifying and reviewing some of the literature on reducing energy consumption in construction projects. The literature study found that there are 5 parts in the building life cycle that can be used to identify sources of energy consumption in construction projects, namely the building materials production stage, the construction process, the building use stage, the end of the building's life and disassembly stage. We identified that there are 3 stages of energy calculation in buildings, namely the stages of Manifest Energy, Operational Energy and Demolition Energy. We find that optimizing indirect energy at the production and planning stage has a significant impact on reducing energy consumption at a later stage through building policy and design. While direct energy optimization can be carried out at the construction and operation stages through energy efficiency in each activity.

Identifying the Crash Worthiness and Crash Avoidance Factors Based on Road Features

The increased rate of road fatalities ad injured has been a vital issue. Risk assessment of road projects is essential in the pre-construction stages to prevent road crashes from occurring in the operational stage. Identifying the contributing factors of road safety is essential to propose countermeasures and control the issue of the increase in road fatalities. These factors are categorized according to the transportation system's main elements: road users, infrastructure, and vehicles. They are also categorized according to the likelihood of crashes reflecting the crashworthiness factors and the severity of crashes reflecting the crash-occurrence factors. This paper aims to identify the factors related to road features affecting the likelihood and severity of crashes in a selected road section in Iraq. The selected road section is a portion of the main transport corridor, expressway 1/R9, designed to connect major cities and is used by significant traffic volume, leading to increased crash fatalities. The selected section connects Al-Bushajal with Al-Malahima village in Ramadi City. The selected tool is the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP), a valid risk assessment at road networks. The assessment output is in terms of star rating and star rating score. A higher star rating means safer road conditions, while a higher star rating score means more dangerous road conditions. The assessment results show high vehicle risk levels, and two types of crashes are diagnosed as the most common. Road improvements that meet safety standards are proposed, such as resurfacing with adequate overlay, improving delineation, lighting, metal barriers for the median and passenger side, and using shoulder rumble strips. The assessment results after improvements show upgrading the star rating to the recommended minimum (4 and 5) for vehicle occupants.

Assessment of quantity surveyor’s perception on risk management practice in construction projects in Ebonyi state

The roles of Quantity Surveyors, who are the construction economists is to support cost effectiveness of construction projects planning through the pre-construction stage to post construction stage of projects. Despite being recognized as a professional discipline, Quantity Surveyors are not immune to the threats and risks in their operating environment. Consequence of which when poorly managed may be detrimental to Quantity Surveying practice and overall performance of construction project. Therefore, the study assesses the risk management techniques of the Quantity Surveyors in construction projects with a view of enhancing a better performance in project delivery. The construction industry is subject to more risk than any other industry. Risk management has become an integral process in managing construction projects. To complete most construction project on time, minimizing cost and wastages proper risk management techniques must be employed. Some authors of journals, conferences, text written by professional were consulted and datas were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaires administered to forty six (46) respondents. The data generated were further analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as percentages, frequencies and mean index score (MIS). The research findings identified that most Quantity Surveyors understand and practice risks management in construction industry while very few practice it unknowingly (i.e they do not really understand it) financial, design and physical risk were discovered as some of the most sources of risk in construction projects. Also risk reduction is most popular among the professional Quantity Surveyors as methods and tools for managing and mitigating risks respectively in construction projects. The study concludes that the most sources of risk in construction project delivery often experienced by the Quantity surveyors are financial and design risks. The recommendations suggest that the client should consult competent and qualified professional Quantity Surveyors from the early stage through the completion stage of a construction project. The professional Quantity Surveyors should continue to acquire new skills through training and retraining to meet the changing nature of construction environment.

Pre-construction duration of public-private partnership projects: evidence from China

PurposePre-construction of a project comprises stages that are pivotal for the procurement performance. It is defined as the duration from the project's initiation to construction. However, Private Public Partnerships (PPPs) have been subjected to a long pre-construction, thereby leading to an inefficient development process. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to pay attention to the influencing factors elongating the pre-construction duration.Design/methodology/approachBased on data of 5,677 PPP projects between 2009 and 2021 in China, the authors adopt the Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model in duration analysis to empirically analyze the following underlying dynamics determining the duration of PPP pre-construction stages: (1) policy uncertainty; (2) corruption; and (3) procurement method selection. To observe the influencing paths more specifically, the authors divided the pre-construction duration into the pre-tendering period and tendering period and regressed them separately.FindingsThe results indicate that the pre-construction duration is significantly prolonged with increased policy uncertainty and corruption degree as well as the use of tendering methods. Meanwhile, the above factors have a greater impact on the pre-tendering period than the tendering period.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study is twofold: (1) theoretically, this paper provides new evidence on the impact of PPP policy uncertainty, corruption and procurement method selection on the pre-construction duration. It complements empirical studies on the factors elongating the time efficiency of PPPs projects. (2) In practice, it provides a specific path for the government to improve the time efficiency of PPPs.

Identification of the Key Determinants of Bats’ Altitude Increase over the S3 Expressway in Poland with Mesh Screens Applied

The continuing increase in motorisation and the resulting development of the road infrastructure puts increasing demands on environmental protection, and on the protection of bats in particular. One of the available mitigation measures is mesh screen structures installed on dual carriageways. However, not all the mitigating measures turn out to be effective and functional. Mesh screens were installed along a road section over a dozen kilometres long near a large bat reserve in Poland (40,000 bats). As part of post-construction work, bat mortality monitoring was conducted over a 3–4 year period in order to assess the effectiveness of the mesh screens in raising the height of bat flyways. An analysis of the mortality surveys and the locations of bat carcasses found along the expressway allowed the authors to confirm that the screens may contribute to raising the height of bat flyways, yet this effect should be considered in combination with other determinants identified during the surveys. The article presents the main determinants, which together with the mesh screens installed along a dual carriageway road over the length of several kilometres, can contribute to the effective raising of the height at which bats fly across the road. The most important determinants included: retaining the continuity of linear landscape features along the confirmed bat commuting and migration routes, no gaps in the tree line greater than 30 m, use of natural funnels for bats to fly through, and sizing of culverts and underpasses appropriate for the specific bat species, as identified in the pre-construction surveys. The conclusion drawn from the research was the need for interdisciplinary studies to be carried out already during preliminary design work, to ensure a sustainable approach on the part of the road engineers, structural engineers, chiropterologists, and landscape architects involved in the road project. A detailed analysis of numerous factors relevant to the analysed dual carriageway demonstrated the importance of following the principles of sustainable design and collaboration within interdisciplinary design teams to select the best mitigation measures already at the pre-construction stage of the project.

BIM-based analysis of construction safety tracking using behavior-based safety in Bangladeshi construction industry

PurposeIn comparison to other industries, the construction industry is one of the most dangerous industries. Behavior-based safety (BBS) is a common and useful technique for risk indicator processing. Almost all studies are based on the BBS checklist, but very few of them focus on the increasing dangers faced by construction workers and the important factors that lead to accidents. This research represents a risk spatiotemporal analysis and visual tracking approach based on BBS and Building Information Modeling (BIM).Design/methodology/approachAfter the literature review, a BBS checklist was developed. Then a survey was conducted based on the BBS checklist and the temporal evolution of risks has been completed. After that, managing the risk with the automatic rule checking (ARC) system using BIM was conducted simultaneously to develop a framework by conducting a case study.FindingsBased on the grey clustering analysis, this work provides a temporal evolution analysis approach for dynamic analyzing BBS risk. According to the grey relational analysis (GRA) data, the main key factor of risk was the missing guardrail/handrail system. After that, a case study was performed and the system automatically warn in the preconstruction phase that the barrier is missing as the system benefits.Originality/valueA systematic framework has been provided for risk analysis through which high health and safety performance outcomes can be achieved on construction projects. This study will assist design engineers in addressing the potential danger to employees during the preconstruction stage and monitoring dynamic changes in risk on any construction site.

Revealing the Construction Project Management System of City Park in Jakarta: Between Hope and Reality

City parks are one of the green open spaces needed by the community for outdoor activities and to improve the quality of life. Currently, residents of Jakarta feel that city parks in Jakarta have not been able to fulfill this function optimally in terms of quality. One reason is the construction project management system which is felt to have not been running as expected. The research aims to reveal the reality that occurs in the management of urban park construction project management in Jakarta, Indonesia, look for weaknesses, and provide recommendations for these weaknesses. This research uses mixed methods. There are qualitative methods with case studies and quantitative descriptive methods. The data instrument uses a questionnaire as a research instrument that assesses the indicators of each variable which is an elaboration of factors from the stages of City-park's construction project management, community involvement, and the quality of city parks. The results showed that the city park's management system was still far from expectations, and weaknesses were found in managing the pre-construction stage and stakeholder involvement, which was not carried out optimally. It causes the construction phase not to be adequately monitored, and the project results are of poor quality. Based on the study results, further research is needed to examine the pre-construction stage and stakeholder involvement more deeply so that quality city parks according to the expectations of Jakarta residents can be achieved.

Evaluating quality management of road construction projects: a Delphi study

PurposeThere are various methods to assess the failure of a road construction project that does not meet quality and performance standards. This study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the quality management of road construction projects in Indonesia by identifying the critical challenges in implementing quality management processes and examining the countermeasures to address these problems.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, the quality management processes in Indonesian road construction projects are evaluated using a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. Quantitative data obtained from two rounds of Delphi questionnaire surveys as the primary data source, and focus group interviews as the qualitative data are used to achieve the aims of this study.FindingsIt is found that from as early as in the preconstruction stage of a project, the availability of quality standards and documentation is problematic when implementing quality management processes. The critical factor of the quality control activities of a project and the quality management roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders during road construction is the project team. This constraint deals with the interaction of the competency, commitment, and mutual cooperation among the main stakeholders to ensure that quality management processes are implemented. This implementation is a part of controlling the road pavement materials, supervising the project activities according to a specified standard, and reporting the project performance. The findings of this study add parameters relating to quality management and quality processes in a road construction project area.Originality/valueThis study is the first to evaluate the quality management processes in the construction of Indonesian road projects. The investigation identifies and evaluates the causes of the persistence of poor road quality. All revealed constraints are substantial factors that hinder the implementation of quality management processes when delivering quality road products. This study addresses the key influencing factors and scenarios related to quality management during road construction projects in Indonesia and other developing countries as practical examples and provides case-based insights for construction practitioners and civil engineering academics in developed countries.

Developing A Rule-Based Dynamic Safety Checking Method for Enhancing Construction Safety

Safety code compliance checking before construction is a key step in risk control. However, the conventional safety compliance checking methods are static model-oriented, which can lead to both the low adaptability of the model to the dynamic construction process, and low checking efficiency. This paper develops a dynamic safety checking method based on BIM and topology for enhancing construction safety management, by incorporating actual construction processes. Firstly, based on the four stages of automatic safety checking, a comprehensive dynamic safety checking framework is proposed. Secondly, the object attributes and spatial location in the BIM model are extracted to form a dynamic topological relationship database. Following this, the dynamic safety checking method is designed, and the checking results are intuitively reported to users based on BIM software. An actual construction scenery is taken as an example to verify the feasibility of the method in the final stage. The results showed that the dynamic safety checking method, based on topology and rules, can help to accurately identify safety risks in the pre-construction stage and reduce the safety risks due to poor design considerations or construction process modification.

Numerical Study on Stratigraphic and Structural Deformation Patterns Considering Surface Load with Pile-Beam-Arch Method Construction

Due to soil disturbance during the construction of metro stations, the initial stress of the stratum is modified, leading to ground settlement within a particular range, fracturing the surrounding buildings and even causing significant ground deformation and building collapse. This paper employed the Pile-Beam-Arch method to assemble the Daguanying Station of Beijing Metro Line 7 as the engineering background. The numerical calculation method was used to study the regulations of ground settlement and structural deformation throughout the construction stage. Meanwhile, the effect of surface loading was taken into account and surface settlement control strategies were suggested. Finally, the Stochastic medium theory was used to predict surface settlement. It was evident from the study’s findings that the pilot tunnels excavation and the arches installation accounted for 67% and 23.1% of the total surface settlement, respectively, and produced the most surface settlement. Surface settlement can be significantly reduced by utilizing grouting reinforcement technology and the pilot tunnels excavation approach of “upper first, then lower and side first, then middle”. The structure was much less stressed during the pre-construction stage, with the maximum principal stress ranging from 1 to 5 MPa; after construction was finalized, the maximum principal stress reached 14.203 MPa, concentrating mostly in the middle column part, which was the consequence of the combined action of the upper load and the lower soil uplift. Additionally, there was a linear relationship between the surface load and ground settlement. The bottom slab and the middle column were situated where the structure’s most unfavorable components were concentrated. The conclusions of the surface settlement prediction demonstrated that there were discrepancies between the theoretical calculation and the simulated; thus, the prediction results were more conservative. The study results can serve as a reference for construction sites.

Optimization of earthworks planning: a systematic mapping study

This article presents a mapping study of the research on the optimization of earthmoving planning and operation. Its goal was to investigate relevant papers and characterize the field by identifying the most commonly explored topics, optimization techniques, and research trends. We applied a systematic review approach based on automatic searches and snowball sampling to select relevant papers on earthwork optimization. Our searches retrieved 5785 results, from which we selected 71 papers between 1958 and 2021. We found that allocation, fleet planning, routing, and scheduling problems were the most commonly investigated topics, and linear programming, mixed-integer linear programming, and genetic algorithms were the most usually used optimization techniques. We also observed that most models that considered construction factors reported improvements in construction budgets or hauling plans. However, we found few studies that demonstrated the impact optimization after the preconstruction stage or presented the advantages of optimization for reducing environmental impacts.

Identification of environmental impacts on the Ton-dano Coastal tourism area as the basis for the de-velopment of environmental documents

Environmental documents are the main requirement in development. The environmental document is prepared as a study in monitoring the quality of the environment both at the activity location and in the area around the development. The development of tourist areas certainly requires a study of the identification of environmental impacts. This research is an initial effort to identify environmental impacts on the coastal tourism area of Lake Tondano as the basis for the preparation of environmental documents, including AMDAL, UPL-UKL and SPPL. Identification is carried out starting from the pre-construction stage, construction stage, and operational stage, so that by identifying all impacts, management efforts can immediately be carried out to reduce the impact of damage that will occur.The focus of the research is on the tourist area on the coast of Lake Tondano. The research method is descriptive qualitative, preceded by field observations of the types of tourism that exist and then described according to the stage of the identification of environmental impacts. The results of the research around Tondano are lake nature tourism, culinary tourism, historical tourism and trade.