Precise Geometry Research Articles

A cross-conjugation approach for high-performance diaryl-hemithioindigo photoswitches.

Diaryl-hemithioindigos (diaryl-HTIs) are derivatives of a novel class of highly functionalized indigoid chromophores. In this work a systematic study of the electronic effects on their photoswitching reveals the design principles for achieving an excellent property profile. Two key elements need to be invoked for perfect diaryl-HTI performance, first introduction of strong electron donors and second establishment of cross-conjugation. The resulting photoswitches combine high thermal stability, large extinction coefficients, red-light responsiveness, pronounced photochromism, and strong isomer accumulation in the photostationary states with precise geometry changes. By using the inherent basicity of their strong electron donor moiety, diaryl-HTIs can be rendered into very potent tools for molecular logic applications. We demonstrate a variety of binary logic setups as well as sophisticated three- and four-input keypad locks for sequential logic operations. Three distinct states and up to four different stimuli are invoked for this multi-level molecular information processing. Diaryl-HTIs have thus entered the stage as very capable and promising photoswitch motives for anyone interested in reversible visible- and red-light as well as multi-stimuli responsive molecular behavior.

The First Breath

Exo-biote is a work by artist Jonathan Pêpe, first created in 2014 at Le Fresnoy, Studio National des Arts Contemporains, in collaboration with the DEFROST (DEFormable RObotic SofTware) team at INRIA (Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies du Numérique) and Cristal (Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille), headed by Christian Duriez. The result of the meeting between this artist and scientist, the work has enabled them to question their respective disciplines and helped them evolve their practices, and consequently contributed to the development of “Soft Robotics,” also known as “deformable” robotics. As the DEFROST team explored the field of medical assistance equipment, the artist began to imagine a futuristic prosthetic life for his work, a robot composed of flexible materials. To achieve this, casting practices, well known in art but less so in science, particularly in the field of digital technologies, were necessary. This project stimulated reflection by intersecting practices and perspectives, between the arts and sciences. Jean-Jacques Gay—curator and art critic with a long-standing commitment to multidisciplinary approaches—offered to chronicle this singular experience. At the heart of this project, and of this kind of robotics are strategies for controlling these deformable objects. Traditional robots are mainly made of hard, articulated parts that allow them to be controlled according to a rigorous, precise, calculable, and predictable geometry. How can the mechanical life of these “soft” robots be reconceptualized to challenge the various paradigms of robotic control and make way for “relative control”? The prosthetic function envisaged by the artist stimulates this approach to thinking and doing, offering a field of experimentation as concrete as it is original. The sculptor and researcher are working together to design objects from the inside out, to achieve the deformation of these objects, whose activity would depend on the breath of a compressor. Animated in this way, by a “pneuma”—recalling the myth of vital breath that the Stoics borrowed from the language of biology (Muller 2006) —these objects become organs or body parts that can be shaped or repaired as required. This pneuma is akin to the cybernetic energy that Nicolas Schöffer described as “the awareness of the vital process that maintains the balance of all phenomena” in a biotope. For both the scientist and sculptor, deformable, pneumatic robotics use breath that brings control and maintains vital equilibrium. Vital for sculpture, medicine, art, and design within an organogenesis defined as “the genesis of the artifact, and the genesis of social and psychosomatic organs through the reconstitution of the techno-aesthetic environment” (Stiegler 2015). Eight years after their first collaboration on Exo-biote, the artist and researcher come back on the designing of these objects, which they produce, to implement this pneuma in their respective practices. These practices, which have become more common, overlap, and echo the reflections on hybridization by American theorist, physicist, and feminist Karen Barad. In 2005, Barad questioned “the givenness of the differential categories of 'human' and 'nonhuman,' examining the practices through which these differential boundaries are stabilized and destabilized.” Since the flexible, deformable robots of Exo-biote, the artist and researcher have been cultivating alternative forms of control, even non-control, that make manifest the destabilization of these subject/object boundaries. This questioning of the notion of control empowers their machines and nurtures forms of life that the artist and scientist seek to develop.

Nanostars planarity modulates the rheology of DNA hydrogels.

In analogy with classic rigidity problems of networks and frames, the elastic properties of hydrogels made of DNA nanostars (DNAns) are expected to strongly depend on the precise geometry of their building blocks. However, it is currently not possible to determine DNAns shape experimentally. Computational coarse-grained models that can retain the correct geometry of DNA nanostars and account for the bulk properties observed in recent experiments could provide missing insights. In this study, we perform metadynamics simulations to obtain the preferred configuration of three-armed DNA nanostars simulated with the oxDNA model. Based on these results we introduce a coarse-grained computational model of nanostars that can self assemble into complex three dimensional percolating networks. We compare two systems with different designs, in which either planar or non-planar nanostars are used. Structural and network analysis reveal completely different features for the two cases, leading to two contrasting rheological properties. The mobility of molecules is larger in the non-planar case, which is consistent with a lower viscosity measured from Green-Kubo simulations in equilibrium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work connecting the geometry of DNAns with the bulk rheological properties of DNA hydrogels and may inform the design of future DNA based materials.

Illumination system optimal design for geometry measurement of complex cutting tools in machine vision

Precision geometry measurement of complex cutting tools has a significant impact on the machinability of components in the industry. However, acquiring high-quality images in machine vision is a challenging problem due to the large slope and complex geometry. In view of the vital function of illumination, this paper proposed a method of optimal design for the LED array. First, the calculation model of irradiance distribution on the measurement plane is established, and the properties of the reflected light from the surface of cutting tools are analyzed based on the BRDF theory. Then, the optimal parameters are solved through the specific algorithm flow for the LED array design. Finally, a flexible LED light source is fabricated with the optimal parameters for different features of the cutting tools and used in the measurement. The measurement results show that the error of the optimized light source is less than 1%, and compared with the off-the-shelf light, the measurement accuracy is improved by 9.5% on average. Moreover, this method also presents the potential applied to other complex objects.

Deep Drawing of AISI 304 Blanks with Polymer Punches Produced by Additive Manufacturing: Effects of Process Scalability

Rapid tooling is a methodology which aims to integrate additive manufacturing into the production of tools to be used in casting, forming or machining processes. In forming, rapid tooling is applied in the production of metallic or plastic tools that guarantee good performance in small- and medium-sized batch production. However, most punches tested to date have dimensions measured in millimeters and are therefore unsuitable for typical real-world industrial processes. In this study, the performance of plastic punches with geometries designed for industrial application was investigated. A deep drawing process involving AISI 304 blanks was created for the manufacturing of cups. Experimental and numerical analyses were conducted to measure the quality of the cups produced and the behaviour of the punches involved. The results indicate that when punch dimensions increase, a more precise cup geometry is produced (99% of drawing depth, 98% of cup precision on the fillet radius, and roundness error equal to 0.53%).

A Review on Recent Advances in 3D Bioprinting

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has emerged as a powerful bio- fabrication platform for tissue engineering because of its ability to engineer living cells and bio-material based 3D objects. Diverse bio-inks based on synthetic and natural biomaterials have also been created and successfully used for tissue regeneration at the same time. Over the past few decades, the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, which aim to develop functioning tissue-constructs replicating native tissue for the repair and/or replacement of damaged tissues or entire organs, have advanced quickly. Traditional tissue engineering methods, which include scaffolds, growth factors, and cells, had less success fabricating complicated 3D structures and regenerating organs in vivo, which made them logistically and financially unworkable for clinical applications. In this regard, 3D bioprinting, which is an extended application of additive manufacturing is now being explored for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as it involves the top-down approach of building the Layer-by- layer construction of complicated tissue, thereby producing precise geometries due to controlled nature of matter deposition with the help of anatomically accurate 3D models of the tissue generated by computer graphics. In this article, we seek to present a thorough analysis of the 3D bioprinting techniques, including ink-jet printing, extrusion printing, stereolithography, and laser aided bioprinting methods. With the exact control of structure, dynamics, and biological elements—such as cells and extracellular matrix (ECM)—3D bioprinting has a tremendous deal of promise to build very complex constructions.

Massive and massless plasmons in germanene nanosheets

Atomically thin crystals may exhibit peculiar dispersive electronic states equivalent to free charged particles of ultralight to ultraheavy masses. A rare coexistence of linear and parabolic dispersions yields correlated charge density modes exploitable for nanometric light confinement. Here, we use a time-dependent density-functional approach, under several levels of increasing accuracy, from the random-phase approximation to the Bethe-Salpeter equation formalism, to assess the role of different synthesized germanene samples as platforms for these plasmon excitations. In particular, we establish that both freestanding and some supported germenene monolayers can sustain infrared massless modes, resolved into an out-of-phase (optical) and an in-phase (acoustic) component. We further indicate precise experimental geometries that naturally host infrared massive modes, involving two different families of parabolic charge carriers. We thus show that the interplay of the massless and massive plasmons can be finetuned by applied extrinsic conditions or geometry deformations, which constitutes the core mechanism of germanene-based optoelectronic and plasmonic applications.

Deep neural networks for quick and precise geometry optimization of segmented thermoelectric generators

To solve the problems of the current optimization methods for solar segmented thermoelectric generator performance based on numerical methods, this paper applied deep neural networks to optimize the device geometry for improved thermo-mechanical performance. The motivation for using the deep neural network is to overcome the lengthy computational time and very high computational energy required by the traditional numerical method in optimizing the segmented thermoelectric generator performance. The numerical model is built using ANSYS software and the effects of temperature dependency in the 4 thermoelectric materials are considered to ensure result accuracy. Furthermore, 16 possible geometry parameters which were previously not considered, encompassing the individual and combined segment's heights and cross-sectional areas are optimized to find which set of parameters are the best in maximizing the device performance. The deep neural network is a regressive multilayer perceptron with network hyperparameters comprising 2 hidden layers with 5 neurons per layer. The training process is governed by the Levenberg-Marquardt standard backpropagation algorithm to minimize the mean squared error and maximize the regression correlation between the neural network forecasted outputs and the numerical-generated dataset. The most significant contribution of the proposed deep neural network is that it was able to quickly and accurately forecast the device performance in just 10 s, which was 2880 times faster than the conventional numerical-based optimization approach. Additionally, the optimized device had a maximum efficiency of 18%, which was 78% higher than that of the unoptimized device. Also, the thermal stress of the optimized device was 73% less than that of the unoptimized device design, indicating an extension in the device mechanical reliability and service lifetime. The results reported in this paper will accelerate the ease at which efficient, long-lasting segmented thermoelectric generators are manufactured by harnessing the power of artificial intelligence.

Hot Electron-Driven Photocatalysis Using Sub-5 nm Gap Plasmonic Nanofinger Arrays.

Semiconductor photocatalysis has received increasing attention because of its potential to address problems related to the energy crisis and environmental issues. However, conventional semiconductor photocatalysts, such as TiO2 and ZnO, can only be activated by ultraviolet light due to their wide band gap. To extend the light absorption into the visible range, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) has been widely used. Noble metal NPs can couple incident visible light energy to strong LSPR, and the nonradiative decay of LSPR generates nonthermal hot carriers that can be injected into adjacent semiconductor material to enhance its photocatalytic activity. Here we demonstrate that nanoimprint-defined gap plasmonic nanofinger arrays can function as visible light-driven plasmonic photocatalysts. The sub-5 nm gaps between pairs of collapsed nanofingers can support ultra-strong plasmon resonance and thus boost the population of hot carriers. The semiconductor material is exactly placed at the hot spots, providing an efficient pathway for hot carrier injection from plasmonic metal to catalytic materials. This nanostructure thus exhibits high plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light. The hot carrier injection mechanism of this platform was systematically investigated. The plasmonic enhancement factor was calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and was consistent with the measured improvement of the photocatalytic activity. This platform, benefiting from the precise controllable geometry, provides a deeper understanding of the mechanism of plasmonic photocatalysis.

3D-Printed Microarray Patches for Transdermal Applications.

The intradermal (ID) space has been actively explored as a means for drug delivery and diagnostics that is minimally invasive. Microneedles or microneedle patches or microarray patches (MAPs) are comprised of a series of micrometer-sized projections that can painlessly puncture the skin and access the epidermal/dermal layer. MAPs have failed to reach their full potential because many of these platforms rely on dated lithographic manufacturing processes or molding processes that are not easily scalable and hinder innovative designs of MAP geometries that can be achieved. The DeSimone Laboratory has recently developed a high-resolution continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) 3D printing technology. This 3D printer uses light and oxygen to enable a continuous, noncontact polymerization dead zone at the build surface, allowing for rapid production of MAPs with precise and tunable geometries. Using this tool, we are now able to produce new classes of lattice MAPs (L-MAPs) and dynamic MAPs (D-MAPs) that can deliver both solid state and liquid cargos and are also capable of sampling interstitial fluid. Herein, we will explore how additive manufacturing can revolutionize MAP development and open new doors for minimally invasive drug delivery and diagnostic platforms.

A Comprehensive Study on Next-Generation Electromagnetics Devices and Techniques for Internet of Everything (IoE)

Evolution of mobile broadband is ensured by adopting a unified and more capable radio interface (RI). For ubiquitous connectivity among a wide variety of wireless applications, the RI enables the adoption of an adaptive bandwidth with high spectrum flexibility. To this end, the modern-day communication system needs to cater to extremely high bandwidth, starting from below 1 GHz to 100 GHz, based on different deployments. This instigates the creation of a platform called the Internet of Everything (IoE), which is based on the concept of all-round connectivity involving humans to different objects or things via sensors. In simple words, IoE is the intelligent connection of people, processes, data, and things. To enable seamless connectivity, IoE resorts to low-cost, compact, and flexible broadband antennas, RFID-based sensors, wearable electromagnetic (EM) structures, circuits, wireless body area networks (WBAN), and the integration of these complex elements and systems. IoE needs to ensure broader information dissemination via simultaneous transmission of data to multiple users through separate beams and to that end, it takes advantage of metamaterials. The precise geometry and arrangement of metamaterials enable smart properties capable of manipulating EM waves and essentially enable the metamaterial devices to be controlled independently to achieve desirable EM characteristics, such as the direction of propagation and reflection. This review paper presents a comprehensive study on next-generation EM devices and techniques, such as antennas and circuits for wearable and sub 6 GHz 5G applications, WBAN, wireless power transfer (WPT), the direction of arrival (DoA) of propagating waves, RFID based sensors for biomedical and healthcare applications, new techniques of metamaterials as well as transformation optics (TO) and its applications in designing complex media and arbitrary geometry conformal antennas and optical devices that will enable future IoE applications.

Fatigue Life Prediction Methodology of Hot Work Tool Steel Dies for High-Pressure Die Casting Based on Thermal Stress Analysis

High-pressure die casting (HPDC) can produce precise geometries in a highly productive manner. In this paper, the failure location and cycles were identified by analyzing the fatigue behavior of the die subjected to repeated thermal stress. An energy-based semi-empirical fatigue life prediction model was developed to handle the complex stress history. The proposed model utilizing mean stress, amplitudes of stress, and strain was calculated by one-way coupling numerical analysis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA). CFD temperature results of the die differed from the measured results by 2.19%. The maximum stress distribution obtained from FEA was consistent with the actual fracture location, demonstrating the reliability of the analytical model with a 2.27% average deviation between the experimental and simulation results. Furthermore, the model showed an excellent correlation coefficient of R2 = 97.6%, and its accuracy was verified by comparing the calculated fatigue life to the actual die breakage results with an error of 20.6%. As a result, the proposed model is practical and can be adopted to estimate the fatigue life of hot work tool steels for various stress and temperature conditions.

Near-zero sintering shrinkage in pottery with wollastonite addition

The precise control of the geometry of pottery is a challenge owing to the undesirable shrinkage and deformation observed after firing. In this study, near-zero sintering shrinkage pottery (NZS) with the sintering shrinkage (SS) of < 2.0% and pyroplastic deformation index (PI) of < 1.5 × 10−6 mm−1 was developed with varying amounts of added alumina and wollastonite. Wollastonite promotes anorthite crystallisation, thereby preventing sintering shrinkage at ∼1200 °C. The mechanism for the suppressed liquid-phase sintering of the pottery was also analysed. Moreover, NZS were obtained after firing at 1300 °C with a specific phase composition for suppressing the pyroplastic deformation. Thus, NZS was successfully prepared through liquid sintering from natural minerals. Therefore, this study provides a guide for the fabrication of earthenware, stoneware, unglazed porcelain and ceramic tiles with precise dimension and geometry. Additionally, it is also important for reducing the production loss in huge pottery and large-scale production by countering the sintering shrinkage.

An accurate analytical model for squirt flow in anisotropic porous rocks — Part 2: Complex geometry

Seismic waves exhibit strong attenuation and velocity dispersion when they propagate in porous rocks saturated with a fluid. The main cause of such energy dissipation is fluid flow in the pore space, so called squirt flow. Squirt flow takes place between interconnected pores and cracks or grain-to-grain contacts. The corresponding theory can be used to characterize porous rocks in the subsurface with noninvasive seismic methods. We extend the analytical model for a classical pore geometry presented in part 1 of our paper to more complex geometries of the pore space, where the crack edge is partially connected to multiple pores. This pore geometry is much more closely representative of rocks than the classical geometry where the crack edge is fully connected to a toroidal pore. We develop an approach to calculate the model compliance taking into account the interconnectivity of the crack and pores. We redefine a squirt flow length parameter which takes into account the geometrical configuration of the multiple connections between a crack and the surrounding pores. This configuration will control the geometrical flow pattern and thus the diffusion length scale or, in other words, the characteristic frequency. We validate our analytical model against inherently accurate 3D numerical solutions. The analytical and numerical results are in excellent agreement for a range of different pore geometries. Published analytical solutions expect the user to know the dry stiffness (e.g., from laboratory measurements), but in our work, we also provide a way to calculate analytically the dry stiffness for the precise geometry that we consider. The new analytical model redefines the quantitative and qualitative description of seismic attenuation and velocity dispersion due to squirt flow. We provide the MATLAB and symbolic Maple routines to reproduce our main results.

Development of aqueous protein/polysaccharide mixture-based inks for 3D printing towards food applications

Three-dimensional (3D) food printing is a promising technique as it allows to create elaborated food constructs or customized food for elderly people and other sensitive population (i.e. children, pregnant women or athletes). The structural and textual properties of food constructs depend strongly on the ingredients used and the shape produced. Two important biological macromolecular components, namely protein and polysaccharides, are the most important in terms of nutritional content. In this work, we developed a water-based protein/polysaccharide food ink from a mixture of gelatin B (GB) and xanthan gum (XG) for 3D printing. A 40-layer 3D scaffold with defined features was successfully printed at room temperature using an aqueous mixture of 3 wt% GB and 10 wt% XG. Adding 37.5 mM calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) or lowering the storage temperature to 4 °C improved the rheological properties of the ink, which endowed the scaffold with higher shape fidelity right after printing and good shape retention for at least 96 h. Texture profile results revealed that the infill percentage of the scaffold is critical to textural properties of the scaffold, highlighting the advantage of 3D printing in tuning sensory food perception. • Gel food ink based on Gelatin B (GB) and Xanthan gum (XG) is successfully used in 3D printing. • Addition of calcium ions and low storage temperature benefit the dimensional stability of the printed GB/XG scaffolds. • 3D scaffolds using the GB/XG gel ink with the addition of 37.5 mM Ca 2+ show the most stable and precise geometry. • 3D printing allows controlling infill percentage which plays an essential role in textural properties of GB/XG scaffolds.

Beyond the exponential horn: a bush-cricket with ear canals which function as coupled resonators.

Bush-crickets have dual-input, tympanal ears located in the tibia of their forelegs. The sound will first of all reach the external sides of the tympana, before arriving at the internal sides through the bush-cricket's ear canal, the acoustic trachea (AT), with a phase lapse and pressure gain. It has been shown that for many bush-crickets, the AT has an exponential horn-shaped morphology and function, producing a significant pressure gain above a certain cut-off frequency. However, the underlying mechanism of different AT designs remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that the AT of the duetting Phaneropterinae bush-cricket Pterodichopetala cieloi function as coupled resonators, producing sound pressure gains at the sex-specific conspecific calling song frequency, and attenuating the remainder—a functioning mechanism significantly different from an exponential horn. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that despite the sexual dimorphism between the P. cieloi AT, both male and female AT have a similar biophysical mechanism. The analysis was carried out using an interdisciplinary approach, where micro-computed tomography was used for the morphological properties of the P. cieloi AT, and a finite-element analysis was applied on the precise tracheal geometry to further justify the experimental results and to go beyond experimental limitations.

Estimation of Equivalent Current Distribution Using Fourier Transform and Eigenmode Currents

The estimation of the equivalent current distribution is a challenge when the precise geometry of the real source is unknown. In this study, a novel estimation method for the equivalent current distribution is proposed. The proposed method is a hybrid of the Fourier transform and eigenmode currents of equivalent sources. The equivalent current distribution is estimated using the proposed method as follows. First, the Fourier transform is applied to an electric field integral equation, and the initial equivalent current distribution on a specific estimation plane is estimated from the near-field data of the real source. Utilizing the initial equivalent current distribution, the equivalent sources that are uniformly arranged over the estimation plane are thinned. Subsequently, the equivalent current distribution is estimated using a matrix equation and the eigenmode currents of the remaining equivalent sources. The advantages of the proposed method are as follows. First, the precise geometry of the real source is not needed during estimation. Second, the number of equivalent sources is reduced, and the estimation of the equivalent current distribution is well conditioned. The performance of the proposed method is validated both numerically and experimentally. Empirical guidelines for threshold values for thinning equivalent sources are provided.

Attribution of H+ Transportation of Nafion-Film on Different Substrates Using Planar Inter-Digitated Electrodes

In-plane proton transport property of Nafion thin-film on carbon and quartz was investigated in N2 environment by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) of platinum on quartz substrate. The Pt IDEs with and without carbon pad were fabricated with precise geometry and excellent current-voltage (I-V) response in few hundreds femtoampere (fA). The morphology of spin-coated Nafion thin-film over IDEs was confirmed to adapt the geometry of IDE structure. The EIS impedance response of Nafion thin-film consists of single semi-circular component in either IDEs. Since Pt-C IDE has both ionomer/quartz and ionomer/carbon interface therefore H+ conductivity at quartz and carbon was estimated from the quantitative attribution of H+ transport resistance. The estimated H+ conductivity at quartz from Pt-C IDE and Pt-Q IDE shows comparable conductivity values except the high relative humidity (RH) and indicates that H+ transport resistance at carbon substrate in Pt-C IDE is absent in N2 environment.

Sector Mode Assembling Reduction Technique for High-Fidelity Blisk Models with Geometry Mistuning

Blade mistuning in blisks arises primarily from the scatters of blade geometry profiles caused by manufacturing tolerance, in-service wear, blade repairs, etc. There is a recent trend to capture the blade-to-blade geometry variances through precise geometry measurements by a 3D optical scanning system in order to obtain an improved blade geometric mistuning evaluation capability. However, this usually leads to prohibitive computational costs due to the large-scale, high-fidelity industrial blisk finite element models. This paper develops an original model reduction approach, Sector Mode Assembling Reduction Technique (SMART), specifically for the high-fidelity blisk model fully mistuned by blade geometric variances, with either topologically compatible or incompatible blade meshes. The basic idea of SMART is to construct the sector-level reduction mode basis by strategically assembling the truncated cyclic modes independently computed for each “isolated” sector with assumed cyclic symmetry at the sector interfaces. Benefiting from the block structure of the SMART mode basis, the reduced-order models are derived by a series of sector-level projections with a relatively low memory requirement and computational cost. Another hidden benefit is that the SMART approach enables efficient structural modification predictions of the global blisk modes because only the modes of the sectors undergoing blade modification need to be re-evaluated and replaced in the SMART mode basis. The SMART approach is applied into a high-fidelity “as-measured model” of a blended blisk, constructed upon the geometry measurement by the state-of-the-art 3D optical scanning technology. It is fully demonstrated that the reduced-order model derived by SMART, featured by a minimal size, is able to reproduce the dynamics of the full-order as-measured blisk model with high accuracy.

Investigation on the parameter dependency of the perforation process of graphite based lithium-ion battery electrodes using ultrashort laser pulses

Perforation of lithium-ion battery electrodes has recently become an increasing interest in science and industry. Perforated electrodes have shown improved electrochemical properties compared to conventional, nonperforated electrodes. It has been demonstrated that through perforation, the fast-charging capability and the lifetime of these batteries can be significantly improved. The electrodes for lithium-ion batteries consist of a copper foil onto which the electrode material is applied as a porous layer. This layer is mainly composed of active material particles, which are bound together by a binder phase. Here, synthetic graphite was used as an active material. Up to now, it has been shown that an advantageous and precise perforation geometry can be produced by ultrashort laser pulse ablation. Since the ablation volumes during perforation of the porous electrode material with ultrashort laser pulses are unusually high compared to solids, this work investigates the parameter dependency on the ablation mechanisms in detail. For this purpose, in particular, single-pulse ablation was investigated with respect to the ablation thresholds at different pulse durations. The pulse durations were varied over a large range from 400 fs to 20 ps. By varying the number of pulses per perforation up to 50 and the single-pulse energy up to 45 μJ, it could be shown that a homogeneous ablation down to the conductor foil through the 63 μm thick active material layer can be achieved.