Precancerous Diseases Research Articles

Screening Studies for Colorectal Cancer in the Birsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most lethal cancer in the world. In most countries, including Russia, the number of new cases of CRC continues to grow and may reach 2.2 million by 2030. The favorable prognosis when starting treatment for the disease in the early stages is very high, which makes screening programs for CRC cost-effective. Since 2020, a new laboratory research method has been actively introduced in Russia: the determination of human hemoglobin and transferrin in feces, which makes it possible to diagnose diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Quantitative determination of human hemoglobin and transferrin in feces is carried out to detect gastrointestinal bleeding of any etiology. Based on the concentration of the determined substances and their ratio, this test allows you to identify intestinal polyps and various forms of colorectal cancer, as well as clearly determine the need for colonoscopy for each specific patient. Diagnostic colonoscopy is performed for the purpose of screening (that is, examining the patient before complaints appear), malignant neoplasms, or precancerous diseases of the colon. During the study, the frequency of detection of adenomas, polyps, and colorectal cancer was assessed. Statistical processing of the data obtained consisted of statistical observation of the results of a stool test for occult blood exceeding the reference value (50 ng/ml or more). Automatic analyzers are highly sensitive, making it possible to diagnose the disease already at the initial stages of the disease. Also in 2020, the oncology service of Bashkortostan switched to a new analytical two-marker system. If hemoglobin is present, we can talk about a problem in the lower parts of the intestine, but if transferrin is present, we can talk about a higher-lying tumor.

Cervical Screening Outcomes in Reproductive-Age Women at Peripheral Health Centers

Objective: to ascertain the prevalence of different cervical abnormalities in connection t pap smear results with age distribution of patient. Method: The demographic makeup of the study population was deduced by calculating the percentages of patients in each age group. Numerous diseases were also identified using the results of the Pap smear test, and percentages associated with each diagnosis were computed. This methodology made it possible to thoroughly analyze the participants' diagnoses and age distribution, which revealed trends in cervical health. One hundred participants in all had Pap smears performed as part of the study. Four age groups were established based on the age distribution data gathered: 18–25, 25–35, 35–45, and 45–55 years old. Result: The majority of participants (37%) were found to be between the ages of 25 and 35, while there was a wide variation of participant ages overall. Pap smear tests are crucial for identifying potentially malignant or precancerous diseases, as evidenced by the majority of patients (71%) receiving a diagnosis of cancer or intraepithelial lesions. There was also representation from the following age groups: 18–25 (9%), 35–45 (28%), and 45–55 (4%). Four percent of the cases had atypical squamous cell lesions, two percent had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and one percent had high-grade lesions. Conclusion: These findings advance customized screening programs and therapies aimed at specific age groups and diagnostic categories as well as our knowledge of cervical health patterns. People who are fertile should definitely get screened for cervical cancer because the age group of 25 to 35 accounts for a substantial portion of diagnoses. The importance of Pap smear testing for early identification and preventive medicine is underscored by the prevalence of intraepithelial lesions or cancer.

Activator protein-1 in liver pathology: from precancerous diseases to hepatocellular carcinoma

Activator protein-1 in liver pathology: from precancerous diseases to hepatocellular carcinoma

Detection of genetic determinants of potentially oncogenic representatives of the intestinal microbiota as biomarkers of colorectal cancer

Relevance. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Non-invasive diagnostic methods based on the determination of hidden blood in the stool (fecal immunochemical test, guaiac test), which have been proven to be effective in clinical studies, are used for CRC screening. However, a significant disadvantage of the available non-invasive diagnostic methods is the low sensitivity in detecting the oncological process at the early stages. A number of recent studies discuss the relationship between the disease and various potentially oncogenic microorganisms in the human intestinal tract, which can be used to expand the arsenal of non-invasive methods for diagnosing CRC based on molecular genetic examination of a stool sample to identify oncogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using genetic determinants of potentially oncogenic microorganisms as markers for colorectal cancer, based on a comparison of their prevalence in groups of patients with colorectal cancer, facultative precancerous diseases and patients without intestinal pathology. Materials and methods. 215 participants were included in the "case–control" study: 70 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer, 70 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 75 participants without diagnosed intestinal pathology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify and detect genes of potentially oncogenic microorganisms. Results and discussion. An association was found between CRC and the presence of the Bacteroides fragilis fragilisin gene (OR 7.00; 95% CI: 2.55–22.50; p 0.001), species-specific genes of the periodontal pathogenic microorganisms Fusobacterium nucleatum (OR 5.61; 95% CI: 2.87–11.30; p 0.001) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (OR 16.3; 95% CI: 4.33–106.00; p 0.001), the clbB gene of pks pathogenicity island of the Enterobacteria (OR 3.44; 95% CI: 1.39–8.51; p = 0.010). Conclusion. The presence of genetic markers of potentially oncogenic bacterial species and genotypes in the gut microbiome is associated with colorectal cancer. The results obtained support the possibility of using molecular genetic detection of the studied potentially oncogenic microorganisms as a method for non-invasive diagnosis of CRC.

Self-testing for human papillomavirus as a screening method for identifying risk groups

Due to the high prevalence of cervical cancer, it is necessary to take measures aimed at reducing its frequency through vaccination, screening, detection and treatment of precancerous conditions. The article presents a systematic analysis of scientific data on the use of testing for self-sampling for human papillomavirus as a tool to improve the effectiveness of screening and detection of precancerous diseases of the cervix. It has been shown that the use of such tests, which are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have similar clinical accuracy compared to sampling by a doctor, and thus this option is promising for expanding the coverage of cervical cancer screening. The presence of expected economic efficiency also determines the relevance and prospects for these tests, but further research is needed to assess their implementation in routine practice.

Tissue pool of hypersegmented neutrophils in patients with precancerous and tumor diseases of the larynx and laryngopharynx

The presence of neutrophils in a tumor often correlates with an unfavorable prognosis, however, there is still no clear answer about the role of tumor-associated neutrophils and the relationship of their morphofunctional features with the prognosis of the course of the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structural features of tissue neutrophil nuclei in the pathological zone in patients with precancerous changes and malignant neoplasms in the larynx. Eight people with precancerous changes in the larynx, 18 patients with localized cancer of the larynx (stages II and III of the tumor process and the absence of metastases – T2- 3N0M0), and 12 patients with advanced cancer (stage III of tumor diseases and regional metastases – T3N1- 2M0) were examined. Blood slides and smear prints of tissue biopsies from three localizations were examined: 1 – zones of the pathological focus; 2 – boundaries between the pathological focus and conditionally healthy tissue; and 3 – conditionally healthy tissue. In the blood of patients with precancerous changes in the larynx and cancer patients, the main part of neutrophils was represented by cells with a 4-segment nucleus, and the number of hypersegmented forms (5 or more segments) was higher than in the blood of healthy volunteers (p 0.002). The same type of changes in smear prints of biopsies from different areas of the pathological focus in patients with precancerous and malignant neoplasms were revealed: as they approached the pathological focus, an increase the cells with 4-5 or more segments was observed. The content of hypersegmented forms was maximum in the pathological focus. Only in patients with a widespread tumor process, neutrophils with a 4-segment nucleus dominated the immediate environment of the tumor. As the tumor spreads and metastases form, the proportion of hypersegmented cells increases in the population of intra-tumor neutrophils. It is very likely that the morphological features of tissue neutrophils in different zones of the pathological focus reflect their functional heterogeneity, and hypersegmetation of nuclei can be considered as a potential predictor of the development and progression of the tumor process.

Results of Pap Smear in Females Who are Actively Reproducing in Outlying Medical Centers at Parachinar

Objective: To ascertain the prevalence of different cervical abnormalities in connection t pap smear results with age distribution of patient.  Method The demographic makeup of the study population was deduced by calculating the percentages of patients in each age group. Numerous diseases were also identified using the results of the Pap smear test, and percentages associated with each diagnosis were computed. This methodology made it possible to thoroughly analyze the participants' diagnoses and age distribution, which revealed trends in cervical health. One hundred participants in all had Pap smears performed as part of the study. Four age groups were established based on the age distribution data gathered: 18–25, 25–35, 35–45, and 45–55 years old.  Result The majority of participants (37%) were found to be between the ages of 25 and 35, while there was a wide variation of participant ages overall. Pap smear tests are crucial for identifying potentially malignant or precancerous diseases, as evidenced by the majority of patients (71%) receiving a diagnosis of cancer or intraepithelial lesions. There was also representation from the following age groups: 18–25 (9%), 35–45 (28%), and 45–55 (4%). Four percent of the cases had atypical squamous cell lesions, two percent had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and one percent had high-grade lesions.  Conclusion These findings advance customized screening programs and therapies aimed at specific age groups and diagnostic categories as well as our knowledge of cervical health patterns. People who are fertile should definitely get screened for cervical cancer because the age group of 25 to 35 accounts for a substantial portion of diagnoses. The importance of Pap smear testing for early identification and preventive medicine is underscored by the prevalence of intraepithelial lesions or cancer.

Якість сексуального життя та загального здоров’я жінок із передпухлинними ураженнями вульви

In recent decades, the number of young women with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia has increased. The frequency of this pathology doubled in all age groups. These diseases are chronic and in many women significantly affect their physical, psychological and sexual health. The aim was to study the general quality of life and sexual activity of women with precancerous vulva pathology. Materials and methods. Were examined 258 women with lesions of the vulva (VHSIL; dVIN; Paget's disease of the vulva grade Ia; melanoma in situ of the vulva) aged from 25 to 70 years, as well as 60 gynecologically healthy women (30 women under 50 years old, 30 from 50 years old). The data was obtained from anamnesis and filling in by women of a specially developed questionnaire about their sexual life and behavior. In addition, quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Results. Was registered statistically significant decrease quality of life indicators according the SF-36 questionnaire in women with precancerous vulva diseases: physical functioning, role-related physical functioning, general health, social functioning, psychological health - by an average of 1.41 times; role emotional functioning - by 1.62 times. Were revealed statistically significant differences in the quality of sexual life: 21.84% of patients in the VHSIL group were never or rarely satisfied with it at this time; 42.21% of women with dVIN; 88.89% of patients with Paget's disease of the vulva; 50.00% of patients with melanoma in situ. Conclusions. A characteristic feature of the quality of life of patients with precancerous lesions of the vulva is a significant decrease in the integral assessment of vitality, role-emotional functioning, and the psychological component of health. Compared to healthy women, women with precancerous lesions of the vulva have a reduced frequency of sexual life, satisfaction with current sexual activity, and less interest in sex. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The research protocol was approved by the Institution's Local Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained for the research. The author declare no conflict of interest.

Prevalence and determinants of obesity and its association with upper gastrointestinal diseases in people aged 40–69 years in Yangzhong, southeast China

Several international epidemiological studies have established a link between obesity and upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGC), but Chinese evidence is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity, especially central obesity, while investigating its association with upper gastrointestinal diseases in the high-risk population of Yangzhong, a typical high-risk area for UGC in southeastern China. We conducted a cross-sectional study from November 2017 to June 2021 involving 6736 residents aged 40–69. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess independent factors influencing overweight/obesity and central obesity. We also analyzed the relationship between obesity and upper gastrointestinal diseases using multinomial logistic regression. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)-central obesity were 40.6%, 12.0%, 49.9%, 79.4%, and 63.7%, respectively. Gender, age, smoking, tea consumption, sufficient vegetable, pickled food, spicy food, eating speed, physical activity, family history of cancer, and family history of common chronic disease were associated with overweight /obesity and central obesity. Besides, education and missing teeth were only associated with central obesity. General and central obesity were positively associated with UGC, while general obesity was negatively associated with UGC precancerous diseases. There were no significant associations between obesity and UGC precancerous lesions. Subgroup analyses showed that general and central obesity was positively associated with gastric cancer but not significantly associated with esophageal cancer. Obesity is negatively and positively associated with gastric and esophageal precancerous diseases, respectively. In conclusion, general and central obesity were at high levels in the target population in this study. Most included factors influenced overweight/obesity and central obesity simultaneously. Policymakers should urgently develop individualized measures to reduce local obesity levels according to obesity characteristics. Besides, obesity increases the risk of UGC but decreases the risk of UGC precancerous diseases, especially in the stomach. The effect of obesity on the precancerous diseases of the gastric and esophagus appears to be the opposite. No significant association between obesity and upper gastrointestinal precancerous lesions was found in the study. This finding still needs to be validated in cohort studies.

429. BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS IN CHILDREN

Abstract Background In children, Barrett's esophagus (BE) is much less common than in adults and has its own characteristics. If in adult practice the treatment tactics are quite restrained, then in childhood they are, on the contrary, as radical as possible. Barrett's esophagus is a consequence of pathological gastroesophageal reflux disease, which is considered an obligate precancerous disease, which determines the relevance of research in this direction. Material and research methods 345 children with GERD were examined over 10 years. BE was detected in 52 children, which accounted for 14% of cases. Of these, 20 children had peptic stricture of the esophagus. They were included in the 2nd group of the study. The first group - 32 children without peptic stenosis of the esophagus. The treatment tactics for patients in the first group are fundoplication, after 3 months eradication of BE (electrodestruction or cryodestruction). In the second group - a course of bougienage, fundoplication, with destruction BE, or extirpation of the esophagus for extended peptic strictures of the esophagus. Results Of the 52 children, boys predominated (71%). The average age was 10.2 years In all cases in the first group, antireflux surgery produced a positive result, although it did not affect the regression of metaplasia in the category of patients with an endoscopically negative form. In all patients of the second group, a positive result was obtained, GER was stopped, stenosis and metaplasia of the esophagus were eliminated. Eradication of metaplasia in 45% (9 children) of cases was achieved by extirpation of the esophagus due to extensive peptic stenosis (4-6 cm), and in 55% (11 children) - postoperative endoscopic destruction BE. Conclusions BE detected in childhood is subject to eradication upon its detection, regardless of the absence of signs of high-grade dysplasia, which is more likely to occur in adulthood. Patients with an endoscopically negative form of BE require clinical observation with morphological control once a year. Extirpation of the esophagus with simultaneous coloesophagoplasty is indicated in children with peptic strictures (4-6 cm) that are not amenable to balloon dilatation against the background of fundoplication for 6 months or more.

Dental and anesthesiology problems in nicotine dependents (literature review)

Nowadays, smoking is one of the significant factors for the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases. The effect of nicotine on the microcirculation is manifested in the deterioration of the trophic level of the gums and a decrease in their resistance to infection. Atrophy of acinar parts of small salivary glands develops and other morphological changes characteristic of progressive sialadenitis occur. A change in the microflora of the oral cavity was found depending on the duration of smoking. Epithelial dysplasia, which covers the entire thickness of the epithelium, but does not affect the connective tissue, is called carcinoma. Worldwide, more than 300 million people use smokeless tobacco. Malignant changes at the site of precancerous diseases occur after a couple of years of using the product. In smokers, nicotine blocks H-cholinergic receptors and reduces sensitivity to local anesthetics. Nicotine promotes the production of the CYP2E1 enzyme, which is responsible for the metabolism of halogen anesthetics: halothane, enflurane, diethyl ether, trichlorethylene, chloroform, isoflurane and methoxyflurane. Chronic smokers show reduced pain tolerance. Before morphine loading, the assessment of pain threshold in nicotine-dependent individuals was significantly lower than in non-smokers. Smokers require higher doses of opiates and benzodiazepines than nonsmokers. Smoking reduces the potency of aminosteroid muscle relaxants, the required doses of vecuronium and rocuronium in smokers were 25 % higher than in patients leading a healthy lifestyle. Smokers also need more frequent doses to maintain neuromuscular block. Quitting smoking 4–6 weeks (ideally 8 weeks) before general anesthesia reduces the frequency of peri- and postoperative complications.

ДИНАМИКА УРОВНЯ ЦИТОКИНОВ РОТОВОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ У БОЛЬНЫХ С ПРЕДРАКОВЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ПОСЛЕ ПРОВЕДЕННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ

To diagnose precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa in dentistry today, a large number of techniques are used. Despite the fact that the best method is still a morphological study, its use in a clinical setting is extremely difficult. Non-invasive examination methods, such as luminescent and autoluminescent methods, optical coherence tomography, simple and extended stomatoscopy, are being widely developed. All of them also have a number of disadvantages, including inaccessibility to primary care dentists, the complexity and duration of the study, and the inability to assess the dynamics of the therapy. One of the promising methods is the method for assessing the level of cytokines in the oral fluid. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of assessing the dynamics of the ongoing treatment of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa by analyzing the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the oral fluid. 50 patients with precancerous diseases of the oral cavity were examined. Of these, 2 cohorts of 25 people were formed. In the main group, the drug “Eplan” was used as a keratoplasty; in the comparison group, a traditional treatment regimen was used. A survey of 25 healthy people was also carried out. Analysis of the level of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed a significant increase in the concentration of these molecules in patients with dyskeratosis. After the treatment, there was a normalization of indicators in both groups with better dynamics in the main group. Conclusions were drawn about the possibility of using the level of salivary cytokines to predict the occurrence and malignancy of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa, as well as to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

Promise and Perils of Primary HPV Testing.

Cervical cancer screening has reduced morbidity and mortality in many countries, but efforts to optimize screening modalities and schedules are ongoing. Using data from a randomized trial conducted in British Columbia, Canada, in conjunction with a provincial screening registry, Gottschlich and colleagues demonstrated that the estimated risk for precancerous disease (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or worse) at 8 years following a negative human papillomavirus (HPV) test was similar to the current standard of care (Pap testing after 3 years). The study supports extending screening intervals for those with a negative HPV test beyond currently recommended 5-year intervals. In an ideal world, the resources saved through less frequent routine cervical screening could be redirected to increasing screening uptake and follow-up of abnormalities to improve equity in cervical cancer prevention. However, implementation of extending screening intervals remains less than straightforward in settings with fragmented healthcare systems that lack information systems to support patient call/recall, such as the United States. To achieve the full promise of primary HPV testing, stakeholders at every level must commit to identifying and addressing the diverse spectrum of barriers that undergird existing inequities in care access, appropriately resource implementation strategies, and improve health information systems. See related article by Gottschlich et al., p. 904.

Background and precancerous diseases of the endometrium during pregnancy

The article presents an analysis of the current state of the problem of background and precancerous diseases of the endometrium. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis of these conditions are reflected, as well as the features and difficulties of diagnosis, treatment and course in patients with pregnancy are presented. The experience of the Tomsk Oncology Research Institute in the treatment of this pathology is presented, as well as clinical cases that clearly demonstrate the possibility of successful treatment of both endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia and initial uterine body cancer. It should be noted that the results of treatment of this category of patients are quite good, as well as the expediency of careful dynamic monitoring of this category of patients and the possibility of collegial decision-making in determining treatment tactics at all stages of therapy.

BIOLOGICAL AND PROGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF CYTOKINES IN ORAL CANCER

Epidemiological data indicate high rates of morbidity and mortality of oral mucosal cancer worldwide. At the same time, even visual accessibility does not allow detecting oral cancer in the early stages. The purpose of the study. Assessment of the involvement of cytokines in the development and progression of oral cancer. Materials and methods. The search for publications was carried out in the databases of the RSCI, PubMed, Scopus 2019-2023 years for the following queries: cancer of the oral mucosa; potentially malignant diseases of the oral cavity; precancerous diseases of the oral cavity, inflammation and cancer, cytokines, saliva cytokines, serum cytokines. Results. It is now recognized that under the influence of inflammation, neoplastic and stromal cells interact and control tumor evolution by producing cytokines. Modern studies demonstrate the important role of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β in the development and progression of oral cancer. A review of the conducted studies indicates that cytokines released by tumor cells of oral cancer, as well as the tumor microenvironment, contribute to cell proliferation, survival, and migration of tumor cells of this localization, although they activate immune cells, contributing to the modulation of the antitumor immune response. Hyperproduction of cytokines, registered at the local and systemic levels, appears to be a consequence of dysregulation of proliferative processes and at the same time one of the causes of tumor spread. Conclusion. Modern research demonstrates the important role of various cytokines in the development and progression of cancer of the oral mucosa. In this regard, therapeutic approaches that limit their growthstimulating activity should be considered.

Exploring the Role of GITR/GITRL Signaling: From Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and presents a continuously growing incidence and high mortality rates worldwide. Besides advances in diagnosis and promising results of pre-clinical studies, established curative therapeutic options for HCC are not currently available. Recent progress in understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) interactions has turned the scientific interest to immunotherapy, revolutionizing the treatment of patients with advanced HCC. However, the limited number of HCC patients who benefit from current immunotherapeutic options creates the need to explore novel targets associated with improved patient response rates and potentially establish them as a part of novel combinatorial treatment options. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) belongs to the TNFR superfamily (TNFRSF) and promotes CD8+ and CD4+ effector T-cell function with simultaneous inhibition of Tregs function, when activated by its ligand, GITRL. GITR is currently considered a potential immunotherapy target in various kinds of neoplasms, especially with the concomitant use of programmed cell-death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade. Regarding liver disease, a high GITR expression in liver progenitor cells has been observed, associated with impaired hepatocyte differentiation, and decreased progenitor cell-mediated liver regeneration. Considering real-world data proving its anti-tumor effect and recently published evidence in pre-clinical models proving its involvement in pre-cancerous liver disease, the idea of its inclusion in HCC therapeutic options theoretically arises. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence supporting targeting GITR/GITRL signaling as a potential treatment strategy for advanced HCC.

The role of cervicovaginal microbiota in the occurrence of severe cervical intraepithelial dysplasia

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of visual examination of the cervix, cervical screening in Russia has not been widespread enough, and therefore the incidence of cervical cancer remains consistently high. In recent years, the vaginal microbiota is given special attention as a risk factor for the development of precancerous diseases of the cervix. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the cervicovaginal microbiota in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microorganisms isolated from the cervicovaginal microbiota were identified in 40 patients using the mass spectrometry method. 20 women had severe cervical dysplasia, and the other 20 were healthy women without precancerous cervical lesions. RESULTS: Corynebacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp. were found more often in the cervicovaginal microbiome in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions than in women negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained suggest that the presence of Corynebacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp. in the cervicovaginal microbiota is associated with the presence of severe cervical intraepithelial changes.

Cervical dysplasia, cervicitis and inflammatory bowel disease – is there a relationship? (Literature review)

The state of health of the female population of Ukraine is of particular concern due to the year-by-year increase in the frequency of precancerous and oncological diseases of the reproductive organs. Benign and precancerous pathologies of the cervix occupy an important place among gynecological diseases.The objective of this article is to review foreign literature and domestic data sources for assessment the risk of dysplasia and cervical cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cervicitis.Early onset of sexual life and a large number of sexual partners are factors that increase the risk of contracting the human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Trauma to the cervical epithelium – mechanical one or caused by an STI – can cause HPV to enter the basal layer of the cervical epithelium. Cervical cancer (CC) is preceded by HPV lesions of the cervical epithelium, including low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, which are usually diagnosed in women of reproductive age.Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is characterized by impaired maturation and differentiation of cells of the multilayered squamous epithelium and is the most frequent form of morphological precancer of the cervix. Up to 90% of CIN are localized at the border of single-layered cylindrical and multilayered flat epithelium (transformation zone). CIN of various degrees is a precancerous disease in which the index of malignancy (oncological transformation) can reach 50%.The clinical course of dysplastic changes in CIN is asymptomatic, and the patients have no specific complaints. During the infectious process in the vagina, CIN can be accompanied by an increase in the amount of vaginal discharges in the form of mucus or milky secretions. Therefore, in modern conditions timely diagnosis, effective treatment and prevention of precancerous processes, which include CIN of the cervix, is one of the important tasks of a gynecologist. Women of perimenopausal age, who are traditionally classified as a risk group, deserve special attention.Today, there is information in the literature that diseases of a multifactorial nature make up 90–95% of all diseases, which also includes CIN. Despite extensive research efforts and advances in screening and prevention strategies, CC remains an unsolved public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Every year in the world, more than half a million women are diagnosed with CC.The world scientific community pays great attention to the study of epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and development of methods of prevention of neoplastic processes in general and CC in particular. So far, this has not been thoroughly studied, and there are no large studies that take into account a variety of potential factors. Understanding the risk factors for the development of CC in patients with IBD and cervicitis may help develop screening and prevention strategies and ultimately improve treatment outcomes.

Significant results from a major multi-year, multi-cancer follow-up study with an enrollment of over 19,000 individuals.

10539 Background: Multi-cancer screening has become a major approach for early stage cancer screening and prevention. However, there has been very few reported multi-year, multi-cancer follow-up studies to validate the effectiveness of multi-cancer screening. We report a number of significant, major findings from what we believe the first large scale, multi-year, multi-cancer follow-up study. Methods: In this study, cancer differentiation analysis (CDA) technology, a bio-physics based detection platform, has been used to screen over 200,000 individuals in a general population. Based on the CDA test values, individuals have been classified into high risk, medium risk and low risk (for cancer) groups. Up to January 31, 2024, a total of 19,141 individuals have been enrolled, with 1,122 in high risk, 15,784 in medium risk, and 2,235 in low risk group. In this follow-up study, enrolled individuals were initially contacted within 6 months (high risk individuals were contacted within 15 days after the test report became available) and subsequently on an annual basis, and their health conditions were recorded. Results: Up to January 31, 2024, 256 individuals have been confirmed with cancer, 1,607 confirmed with pre-cancer diseases and benign tumors, and finally, 1,378 confirmed with diseases. When enrollment is normalized (number of individuals enrolled into each group is equal), for confirmed cancer group, 91.4% is in high risk group, 7.5% in medium risk group and only 1.1% in low risk group. The above result is very significant, indicating that multi-cancer screening using CDA technology is very effective. As shown, there are 23 types of cancer (Table). There are close to 30 types of pre-cancer diseases and benign tumors confirmed. Above results showed that CDA technology is indeed very effective in screening out multiple cancer types (including some cancer types which do not yet have other effective IVD tests such as thyroid cancer and esophageal cancer). The results also show that this approach is very helpful for cancer prevention as it screened out large number of pre-cancer diseases and benign tumor types. Conclusions: A large scale, multi-year, multi-cancer follow-up study has been carried out. Results showed that CDA technology is effective for multi-cancer screening in a general population.[Table: see text]

133P The role of determining the diagnostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and natural blood killers (NK) in the diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the colon and colorectal cancer (CRC)

133P The role of determining the diagnostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and natural blood killers (NK) in the diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the colon and colorectal cancer (CRC)