Pre-sowing Treatment Of Seeds Research Articles

Effectiveness of use of biological drugs and microelements in the cultivation of chickpeakes in light chestnut soils in the Volgograd region

Chickpeas are widespread in countries with arid climates, where they are sown annually on an area of 10–11 million hectares. The favorable combination of protein, fat, carbohydrates, macro- and microelements, vitamins, and biological active substances in grain make it a complete feed for farm animals and poultry. The purpose of the research was to study the eff ectiveness of the use of biological products and microelements when cultivating chickpeas under the conditions of light chestnut soils in the Volgograd region. In the process of work, two series of experiments were carried out: the fi rst – “Pre-sowing treatment of chickpea seeds with microfertilizers” and the second – “Combined use of growth stimulants and microfertilizers”. The most important conditions for the realization of chickpea productivity, taking into account the biological characteristics of the variety Privo 1 in the soil and climatic conditions of light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region have been identifi ed. In the second experiment, the average lowest economic yield of chickpea variety Privo 1 was formed in the control variant without seed treatment with microelements and growth stimulants and was equal to 1,92 t/ha. The highest economic yield of chickpeas, on average, according to experience, was established in combinations of the growth stimulator HB-101 with boric acid or ammonium molybdate during pre-sowing seed treatment and was equal to 2,59 t/ha, i.e. was 34,9 % higher than in the control variant. It was recommended that under the conditions of the Volgograd region on light chestnut soils when cultivating chickpea variety Privo 1, before sowing, treat chickpea seeds with growth stimulant HB-101 (50 ml/t) in combination with ammonium molybdate (NH4)2MoO4 – (250 g/t) or boric acid H3BO3, B(OH)3 (500 g/t). Sowing should be carried out as early as possible with a seeding rate of 500 thousand viable seeds on 1 ha.

Effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment with plant growth regulators to improve the productivity of <i>Astragalus babatagi</i> and <i>A. xanthomeloides</i>

In 2022, under the conditions of the growing experience of the IHR of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan on plants Astragalus babatagi and Astragalus xanthomeloides, optimal sowing dates and options for seed treatment with plant growth regulators and organo-mineral fertilizer were studied. The positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment was revealed, which significantly affected the increase in seed productivity and plant phytomass. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of Astragalus babatagi seeds with Uchkun plus, Floroxan and potassium Humate Prompter preparations contributed to an increase in seed yield from one bed by 1.0, 0.98 and 0.8 g relative to scarified seeds and an increase in phytomass yield by 189, 197 and 186 g, respectively. The increase in the yield of Astragalus xanthomeloides seeds from one bed in experimental versions using Uchkun plus, Floroxan and potassium Humate Prompter increased by 0.92, 1.05 and 0.62 g, respectively, compared with the “scarification” option, and compared with the control by 1.82, 1.95 and 1.52 g, respectively. The yield of phytomass increased by 53.7, 61.2 and 30.7 g relative to the variant of scarified seeds, whereas in relation to the control these indicators increased by 103, 110 and 79.8 g, respectively.

Effect of bioecogum bioorganic fertilizer on the development of maize and soya bean in light chestnut soils

The article discusses the use of domestic liquid bio-organic fertilizer "BioEcoGum" in the cultivation of corn and soybeans in the south-east of Kazakhstan. The influence of seed treatment and foliar top dressing during the growing season on the growth, development and yield of corn (Porumben 458) and soybeans (Zhansaya, Victory) was studied. Pre-sowing treatment of corn and soybean seeds with a solution of liquid bioorganic fertilizer increases germination by 10-15 %. Two and three-fold foliar top dressing of corn and soybean plants enhances growth and development, increases the yield of soybean grain by 25-33 % and corn by 75 %, contributes to an increase in root biomass by 50 %, increases the economic efficiency of application. According to the results of production tests, the bio-organic liquid fertilizer "BioEcoGum" is recommended for widespread introduction in the south and south-east of Kazakhstan in the cultivation of grain and leguminous crops.

Effectiveness of a preparation based on animal effects on winter and spring wheat

The results of testing a drug obtained from livestock waste containing fulvic acids on winter and spring wheat are presented. The prescription was obtained by treating an aqueous infusion of chicken manure and pig waste with 60% nitric acid. Before use, the drug was diluted with water in a ratio of 1:100. The working solution had a pH of 6.7–6.9. The specified pH value of the working solution prevents the possible adverse effect of the drug on other agrochemicals when using tank mixtures. Pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with the resulting preparation, at a consumption rate of 0.1 l/t, increased the area of flag leaves, which had a significant positive effect on yield, by 1.8 times compared with the control. The biomass of plants treated with the drug was 1.3 times greater than in the control. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the medication at a consumption rate of 0.1 l/t led to an increase in the yield of winter wheat in the conditions of the Belgorod region by 0.44 t/ha, or by 6.8 %, as well as the content of gluten protein in grain by 2.0 % and reduced infection of seeds with Alternaria. Spraying spring wheat during the stem growth phase (two nodes) increased the yield by 0.73 t/ha or 20.8 %. The use of the drug for pre-sowing seed treatment significantly reduced the sensitivity of spring wheat plants to herbicide stress. The increase in yield under the influence of the medicine was achieved by increasing the number of ears by 11.2 % and by increasing the number of grains in an ear by 8.3 %.

Influence of the endophytic fungus <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i> on the growth and development of forage beans siberian varieties

The results of studying the influence of the endophytic fungus Metarhizium robertsii on the growth and development of fodder beans of the Sibirskie variety are presented. Endophytes are ubiquitous, diverse microorganisms that live in healthy host tissues without causing visible disease symptoms. The studies were conducted in 2020–2022. Pre-sowing treatment of broad bean seeds (Vicia faba L.) with the entomopathogenic fungus M. robertsii, followed by cultivation in field conditions, contributed to the acceleration of growth processes, the formation of greater biological mass and increased yield. The effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus M. robertsii was assessed in a field experiment on leached chernozem in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. M. robertsii on broad beans significantly increased grain yield by 10–15 % depending on year conditions in 2020 and 2022. (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.036715 and 0.012186, respectively), plant height - by 6–16 cm (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.010023), foliage, and weight of 1000 grains. A significant increase in active nodules on the roots of broad bean plants treated with M. robertsii was established. The results indicate that treating bean seeds with the entomopathogenic fungus M. robertsii before sowing can increase crop yield and stimulate growth processes. In the future, this technique can be used in agricultural practice on other legumes. This work is the first study of the influence of entomopathogenic fungi on broad beans when grown in the continental climate of Western Siberia.

The dependence of yield and its structure on pre-sowing treatment of spring triticale (<i>× triticosecale</i>) seeds in the Amur region

The research results (2014 - 2015) on triticale yield and its structure depending on the seed treatment are presented. The need for research is caused by increasing grain yields and gross yields in the region. This work aims to establish the dependence of yield and its structure on the pre-sowing treatment of triticale seeds by modern fungicides that are effective in extreme conditions. A two-factor field experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Amur region. Options: Factor A - triticale varieties: 1. Ukro, St; 2. Yarilo; 3. Carmen. Factor B - treatment with preparations: 1. Control - water; 2. Maxim rate - 1.5 ml/l; 3. Inshur Perform - 0.4 l/ha; 4. Kinto Duo - 2 l/ha. Each variety of triticale corresponded to fourvariants of treatment with preparations. Regarding height, productive business and ear length of triticale, the differences between the preparations and the control were insignificant. The preparation of Kinto Duo increased the number of grains in the ear by 2.0 % compared with the control. Maxim and Inshur Perform by weight of 1000 grains resulted in a significant increase of 2.8 and 3.9 %, and Kinto Duo - 7.2 % compared to the control. Yield is strongly related to productive business, r = 0.798. The correlation between yield and stem length is medium r = 0.332. Between yield, ear length, number of grains in the ear, and weight of 1000 grains, the correlation dependence is weak r < 0.3. The preparation Inshur Perform increased the yield of triticale grain by 0.11 t/ha or 4.9 %, Maxim - by 0.30 t/ha or 13.4 %, and Kinto Duo - by 0.34 or 15.2 % relative to the control.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРЕДПОСЕВНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ СЕМЯН ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИМ ПОЛЕМ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЛЬНА-ДОЛГУНЦА И ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ

Pre-sowing seed treatment is a mandatory agricultural method of increasing yields by increasing the energy and germination of seeds. Laboratory and field tests showed an increase in the yield and quality of flax and spring wheat seeds due to pre-sowing seed treatment with an electric field at the Sadko-1 electrophysical installation. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is selecting the treatment modes (the voltage acting on the seeds with a low-frequency electric field and the resting of the seeds after treatment) that increase the sowing properties of the seeds and yield and determining the economic efficiency of electrophysical technology of pre-sowing seed treatment in the cultivation of flax and spring wheat. (Materials and methods) Three batches of seeds of each crop were treated with an electric field of 2, 4 and 6 kilovolts per centimeter. After resting for 9 days, the seeds were sown into the soil. The field experiment included four options: control (without exposure to an electric field on seeds) and three options corresponding to exposure modes: 2, 4, and 6 kilovolts per centimeter. The area of the registered plot was 50 square meters. During the growth and development of crops, the field germination and preservation of plants before harvesting and the harvest of each plot were determined. (Results and discussion) During laboratory germination of treated seeds, an improvement in seed sowing qualities is observed: energy and germination, increase in the size and weight of seven-day seedlings. It was found that in the process of growth and development of crops, the effect of pre-sowing treatment is manifested in increasing field germination and preservation of plants before harvesting. (Conclusions) Pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds and spring wheat at the Sadko-1 installation contributed to an increase in the yield and quality of straw and flax grain. Economic calculations indicate the high profitability of the proposed technology. Due to processing in the electric field intensity mode of 6 kilovolts per centimeter, additional net profit of 1.87 thousand rubles per hectare was obtained when cultivating flax using mineral fertilizers, without the use of mineral fertilizers - 1.03 thousand rubles per hectare (in 2021 prices). The cost of seed treatment is ~ 50 rubles per hectare. Net profit due to pre-sowing electrophysical processing of wheat at 2 kilovolts per centimeter amounted to 2.86 thousand rubles per hectare. The presented method of seed treatment can be offered to farms as an element of resource-saving technologies, as well as for pre-sowing seed treatment of low sowing conditions.

Effect of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with inoculant and microelements for yield and quality in the conditions of south-east of Kazakhstan

Soybean is a high-protein and at the same time an oilseed crop. Its cultivation brings profit from the sale of seeds and enriches the soil through the activity of nitrogen-fixing plants. The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a nitrogen-fixing preparation (HiStick© inoculant) in combination with molybdenum and cobalt salts was evaluated at field level from 2019 to 2021 in the conditions of south-east Kazakhstan. The profitability of the crop could be increased by the use of pre-sowing treatment with these micronutrients which are involved in the processes of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. The most indicative characteristics for assessing the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment are the accumulation of protein and oil per hectare, since grain yield increased with pre-sowing treatment without changing quality characteristics (expressed as concentrations). Our research showed an increase in protein yield per hectare with pre-sowing treatment. When seeds of the early ripening Ivushka variety were treated with molybdenum and cobalt without HiStick©, protein yield per hectare increased by 8%. When using the HiStick© preparation together with microelements, the protein yield increased by 4.8%, 8.7% and 12.8% for Zhansaya, Lastochka (late-maturing) and Birlik CV varieties respectively. The increase in oil yield after pre-sowing seed treatment for the early-ripening Ivushka variety was 8.8% (complete treatment) and 6.8% for the late-ripening Lastochka variety (with micronutrients only). Therefore the increase of grain protein and oil yields improves the profitability of this crop for a range of soybean varieties.

THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS DEPEND ON THE PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF THE SEEDS AND EXTRA-ROOT NUTRIENTS

The article presents the results of two-year studies on the effect of different options of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with various combinations of bacterial, mycorrhizal preparations and growth stimulators based on humic substances, and foliar fertilizing with various combinations of growth stimulators and complex water-soluble fertilizers on seed yield, oil content and collection from 1 hectare of crops high oil sunflower hybrid Aurora AM. The research was conducted during 2022 and 2023 on the basis of LLC “Alliance Agro” located in the Pyryatinsky district of the Poltava region. The technology of sunflower cultivation, with the exception of the investigated issues, was generally accepted for the research area. The yield results showed a significant positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment. On average, by years and variants of foliar fertilizing, the highest yield of sunflower seeds was in the variant of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of Micofrend, BlackJack and “PMK-U” drugs – 2.66 tons/hectare, which is by 0.3 tons/hectare (12.7 %) is higher than on the control version. The advantage of this option in terms of seed yield was noted in the weather conditions of both years. In 2022 and 2023, it was 2.37 and 2.94 tons/hectare, respectively, which is 0.27 and 0.32 tons/hectare higher than in the NIR05 control – 0.06 and 0.09 tons/hectare. In general, according to the experiment, due to the optimization of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization, the yield of sunflower seeds on average in two years was increased by 0.45 tons/hectare or almost 20.0%, which indicates the need to pay more attention to pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding. The largest collection of oil in an average of two years – 1,417 tons/hectare was obtained in the variant of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of Micofrend, Blackjack and “PMK-U” and carrying out two foliar fertilizing with a mixture of the Blackjack growth stimulator with the formulations of the complex fertilizer Jiva MIX recommended for a specific period of plant growth. Compared to the control, the increase in the indicator was 0.271 tons/hectare or almost 24.0%. According to years of research, the highest oil collection from 1 hectare was also in this variant. In contrast to the seed yield, the oil collection in the variants of three foliar top dressings was somewhat lower than after two top dressings. This trend is associated with a decrease in the oil content in the seeds after the third foliar feeding, while the yield did not increase significantly. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of all drugs provided both the highest seed yield and the highest oil content in seeds, which is why its greater effect on oil collection from 1 hectare than on seed yield is associated with this. Thus, in this variant, compared to the control, the seed yield increased by 12.7% on average over the years and foliar fertilization, while the oil yield from 1 hectare increased by 16.2%. Like the seed yield, the oil yield from 1 hectare underwent greater changes under the influence of weather conditions, while their influence was somewhat less than that of the seed yield. Thus, the range of seed yield variation under the influence of weather conditions was 24.0% (2.25 tons/hectare in 2022 and 2.79 tons/hectare in 2023), and oil yield from 1 hectare was 19, 7% (1.166 tons/hectare in 2022 and 1.396 tons/hectare in 2023). A somewhat smaller influence of the weather conditions of the year on the collection of oil from 1 hectare is due to the lower content of oil in the seeds in the sunflower of 2023, which is more favorable for plants.

Modern technologies for cultivation of winter wheat on leached chernozems of the Republic North Ossetia-Alania

The purpose of the research was to study and use modern agrobiological principles of adaptive intensification of the technology for cultivating promising introduced varieties of winter wheat, their responsiveness to growth stimulants and winter hardiness of plants, as well as to identify inhibitory functionality in the destruction of weeds, reducing the incidence and number of pests on leached chernozems of the Republic North Ossetia–Alania. The processes of pre-vegetation were studied and it was found that the energy of seeds germination had a positive correlation with air temperature within the range of r=0,68–0,84. A slightly lower correlation coeffi cient (r=0,61–0,68) was noted when taking into account laboratory seeds germination. The maximum weight of 1000 seeds was observed in the varieties Aivina, Vassa and Kameya – 44,8–51,9 g, which was 1,2–8,3 g higher than in the control. High resistance to low temperatures was determined with normal autumn development of plants with sugar content in within 30 % or more. A recommended method for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds consists of soaking in a 0,1 % aqueous solution of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) for 0,5–1 hour, enveloping with soil from the rhizosphere of Galega eorientalis Lam., thereby increasing the productivity and fertility of soils without additional costs for nitrogen fertilizers. The infl uence of seeding rates and predecessors such as clover and peas on the yield of Batko variety on leached chernozems of the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania was revealed. The optimal germination rate was 89,5 %, when sowing after peas with a seeding rate of 4,5 million pcs/ha, the yield reached 3,7 and 3,8 c/ha after clover and peas, respectively, with a profitability level of 77,7 % for due to the lack of additional technological methods. It was revealed that the biological product Nikfan in mixed with sulfur-containing mineral water as a top dressing for crops during the spring regrowth period after various predecessors contributed to an increase in yield and quality indicators of grain, a profitability level of 51,9 % and a reduction in prime-cost to 5,77 rub./kg.

Применение ультрафиолета для предпосевной обработкой семян

Modern methods of pre-sowing seed treatment disinfect seeds, increase yield and plant resistance to adverse environmental factors, and stimulate plant immunity. Among the methods of electromagnetic impact on bioobjects, irradiation of seeds with ultraviolet light is simple, energy-efficient, economically beneficial and environmentally safe. The research aimed to study the effect of UV irradiation for pre-sowing treatment of thuja seeds and empirically determine the effective dose of UV irradiation. To maintain the required UV irradiation dose, the authors developed a digital control system on ATMEGA128A microcontroller (ATMEL). The working area of a 12 × 12 UV matrix consisting of 200 UV LEDs was 144 cm2 . The distance from the UV LEDs to the irradiated seeds was about 2 cm. The UV dose of the matrix was controlled by monitoring the voltage drop on the NSL-19M51 photoresistors. The irradiance of the LEDs in the UV-A (UV-A) zone corresponded to 98%. In each series, 100 seeds of thuja occidentalis were irradiated; the experiments were repeated four times. The authors studied UV irradiation doses of 2 kJ/m2 , 3 kJ/m2 , and 4 kJ/m2 . Seeds of thuja occidentalis without UV irradiation treatment were used as a control. The effective dose of UV-irradiation of seeds was determined empirically. The determined UV irradiation dose of 2 kJ/m2 is able to increase seed germination energy by 12.8% as compared to the control. Statistical processing of empirical data showed satisfactory accuracy of the conducted experiments. The accuracy index of the experiment amounted to P=1.76%±0.65%, for the control (without UV irradiation) - P=1.33±0.47%.

THE EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS ON THE SOWING QUALITIES AND FIELD GERMINATION OF ALFALFA SEEDS

Agriculture has been solving the problem of increasing yields through chemical plant protection products. Their intensive use has led to the need for the biologization of agriculture, which means the production of products using the maximum potential of environmental factors to increase yields without harming the environment. Using seeds with high sowing qualities is the key to obtaining sustainable yields. In this regard, this article presents the results of research on the effect of pre-sowing treatment of alfalfa seeds with Organit P, Organit N, Biodux, Systemica M biopreparations, OrganitN+ OrganitP+Bidux for sowing qualities and field germination. The experiments were carried out in 3-fold repetition, observations were made according to 6 variants of the experiment. Laboratory experiments were conducted according to the methodology for determining the growth strength of seeds of forage crops according to GOST 12038-84. The flow rate of the working fluid for seed treatment was taken at the rate of 1 ml per 100 g of seeds. Germination energy was determined on the 3rd day, and laboratory germination on the 7th day. The scheme of the experiment included a variant without treatment (control) with the treatment of seeds with biological preparations a day before sowing. It was revealed that the treatment of alfalfa seeds with biological preparations improves the indicators characterizing the initial stages of plant growth and development ontogenesis. Regarding germination energy, the highest result was shown by the preparations Systemica M–75,0% and Organit N+ Organit P+ Bidux – 68,5%. Using the Organit N+ Organit P+ Bidux complex of drugs increased laboratory germination to – 81,5% and field germination to – 41,5%.

Justification of technological indicators of machines for the production of bulb onion in an annual crop

Onion is one of the main vegetable crops. Its consumption in Russia reaches 2.0 million tons. The gross harvest amounted to 1601.5 thousand tons in 2022 with a yield of 31.3 t/ha. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the technological performance of machines for the mechanized cultivation of onions in an annual crop, providing a yield of 70 - 80 t/ha, on alluvial meadow soils of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. The research method is field experience. Issues considered: application of fertilizers, spring tillage, weed control in the previous field and during the growing season, pre-sowing treatment and sowing of seeds in the field, pest and disease control through foliar spraying, drip irrigation, harvesting work

Productivity of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the complex use of biological preparations

The article reflects the results of studies conducted in the period from 2021 to 2023 in the dry steppe zone of the Russian Federation to assess the effectiveness of the integrated use of biological products in the cultivation of spring barley. The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds with a biofungicide followed by foliar treatment during the tillering phase with biological products that suppress the development of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, stimulate plant growth and development, and also increase plant resistance to adverse environmental factors has been studied. Indicators of the prevalence and degree of development of root rot on spring barley were determined. Data are presented for recording the phytometric indicators of spring barley crops with the integrated use of biological products. Indicators of productivity and grain quality of spring barley were determined using biological products INBIO-FIT, BIOFIT-1.0 M and biofungicide Strekar

Stimulation of growth processes and productivity of grain crops in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The results of three years of research (2021-2023) are presented to study the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops (spring wheat, spring barley and oats) to regulate growth and development, increase yields and improve product quality. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of the Novosibirsk Ob region (JSC Irmen breeding plant, Ordynsky district, Novosibirsk region) and on gray forest soil (TPP “Michurintsev Garden”). The varieties of grain crops (spring wheat Licamero, spring barley Paustian and oats – Max) were studied. An increase in leaf area parameters was established against the background of the use of preparations for treating seeds with subsequent spraying of plants in the tillering phase with the following growth regulators Siliplant 0.01% (based on chelate forms), Epin-Extra 0.005%, Zircon 0.005%, Toro Combi 0.02% solution and Turmax 0.025% (chelate forms of macro and microelements). It was shown that the use of growth regulators increased the rate of growth and development, productivity and product quality. It was statistically established that the yield of grain crops depended on the elements - 38%, the crop under study - 31%, growth regulators and year conditions by 24%.

Оценка посевных качеств семян сортов зернового сорго при применении хелатных микроудобрений

Recently, the cultivation of grain sorghum has become increasingly popular in modern agriculture. Grain sorghum is a valuable agricultural crop, the peculiarity of which is consistently high productivity even under conditions of abnormal drought, which is especially important in arid agriculture. Another feature of grain sorghum is its suitability for food use. The grain of this crop serves as a valuable raw material for gluten-free products. Currently, the area of cultivation of grain sorghum is actively expanding, which extends to countries in Africa, Asia, South and North America, Europe and Australia. It should be noted that grain sorghum responds well to the use of agrotechnical techniques, including fertilizer systems, both in organic and mineral forms, as well as to the use of pre-sowing, leaf treatments with various humic, chelate and growth-regulating preparations. However, the effect of chelated micronutrients in the pre-sowing treatment of grain sorghum seeds has not been studied widely enough. This circumstance was the reason for the research. The article notes the significant effect of chelated preparations on the germination energy and germination of seeds of grain sorghum varieties. A tendency to increase the degree of grain swelling, as well as the length of primary roots and primary seedlings, was revealed when using preparations in chelated form. Keywords: GRAIN SORGHUM, VARIETY, CHELATED MICRO FERTILIZERS, WATER CONSUMPTION, SWELLING, GERMINATION ENERGY, GERMINATION, PRIMARY ROOTS, SEEDLINGS

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЭНДОФИТНЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ РОДА BACILLUS НА РОСТ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧОВОСТЬ ПРОРОСТКОВ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ И СОИ

The studies were carried out to assess the indicators of seed germination, root length, level of lipid peroxidation, content of photosynthetic pigments and free proline in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops when seeds were treated with strains of endophytic bacteria of the genus Bacillus. The scheme of vegetation experiments included modeling of 30% drought on sand and pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring wheat variety Yoldyz and soybean variety Sultana with endophytic bacteria: Bacillus subtilis KS-55 AU, Bacillus cereus KS-56 AU, Bacillus pumilus KS-57 AU, Bacillus megaterium KS- 58 AU, Bacillus cereus KS-59 AU, Bacillus megaterium KS-60 AU and Bacillus pumilus KS-61 AU. Bacteria better stimulated root growth when using a titer of 1×106 cells in 1 ml of the drug (the increase was 0.6 cm on soybean with Bacillus subtilis KS-55 AU and Bacillus megaterium KS-60 AU and 0.4 cm on wheat with Bacillus cereus KS -56 AU, Bacillus cereus KS-59 AU and Bacillus pumilus KS-61 AU). In wheat, the Bacillus subtilis KS-55 AU strain stood out, treatment with which contributed to an increase in germination by 30%, a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation by 46%, an increase in the amount of free proline by 148% and photosynthetic pigments by 6%, relative to the control variant. On soybean plants, the strain Bacillus subtilis KS-55 AU contributed to an increase in germination by 40%, Bacillus cereus KS-59 AU contributed to a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation by 47% and the accumulation of proline by 73%, and Bacillus pumilus KS-61 AU increased the amount of total chlorophyll by 141%, relative to the control variant. Thus, we can conclude that the above strains of endophytic bacteria improve the growth and development of spring wheat and soybean seedlings, and also serve as inducers of crop resistance to soil drought.

FATTY ACID CONTENT AND MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) SEEDLINGS GROWN FROM SEEDS TREATED WITH OZONE

Background. Presently, a selection of environmentally friendly technologies for pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds is conducted in agriculture. Ozone, an allotropic form of oxygen, is highly reactive, acts as an effective insecticide, promotes seed improvement, and reduces soil contamination. The impact of ozone on seeds is one of the promising technologies to improve the quality of seedlings. It is known that the field germination of winter wheat may be less than 50%, depending on the environmental conditions, and therefore the quality of seedlings is very important.
 Purpose. To evaluate the effect of different ozone concentrations on morphological parameters and synthesis of fatty acids (FA) in winter wheat seedlings.
 Materials and methods. The object of the study was the seeds of soft winter wheat (variety Irkutskaya). The ozonation was conducted with ozone concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/m3 during 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The germination of treated and control seeds was carried out for three days in the dark in a thermostat (24±1°C). On the third day, the morphometric characteristics were measured. The extraction of lipids from shoots and roots was carried out according to the method of Bligh, Dyer [14]. The methyl esters of lipid fatty acids were analyzed by chromato-mass spectrometry. Statistical data processing was conducted with the use of R programming language and SigmaPlot v. 12.5.
 Results. Ozone in concentrations of 2, 4, 6 g/m3 has a stimulating effect on seedling germination, the length of the shoots and roots increases. At ozone concentration of 8 g/m3, the length of the shoots and roots decreases.
 There is a general trend in the content of fatty acids, in the shoots of seedlings there is some decrease in lipid unsaturation, and in the roots - some increase in lipid unsaturation.
 Conclusion. Ozone in concentrations up to 8 g/m3 is suitable for pre-sowing seed treatment and improves seedling performance.

Characteristics of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Lipopolysaccharide, a Representative of Antarctica

Characteristics of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Lipopolysaccharide, a Representative of Antarctica

Effect of low positive temperature on the antioxidant system formation in de-etiolated and etiolated Amaranthus tricolor L. seedlings grown from seeds treated with growth regulators

In the Non-chernozem zone of Russia, the recurrent spring cold up to 1-2 C can cause damage and death of thermophilic amaranth seedlings. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with growth regulators is an inexpensive and effective method to reduce the negative effect of hypothermia on seed germination. The aim of the research was to study the effect of low-temperature stress on etiolated and de-etiolated seedlings of amaranth cv. Valentina ( A. tricolor L.) grown from seeds treated with growth stimulants. Seeds were pretreated with aqueous solutions of Albit (1 g/L), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) - 5 mM and succinic acid (ScA) - 500 mg/L. Seeds were germinated in peat pots at 23 2 C (T23) for 7 days. On the 7th day, peat pots with seedlings grown in the light and in the dark were moved to thermostat at 2.0 0.5 C (T2) for 8 hours. Determination of the amount of amaranthine, chlorophylls and carotenoids were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Pretreatment of seeds with the growth regulators Albit, H2O2, and ScA increased hypocotyl length, root length, and biomass of light and etiolated seedlings. Low positive temperatures increased the content of amaranthine and carotenoids but reduced the content of chlorophylls. It was shown that all used growth regulators - H2O2, Albit and ScA trigger or at least maintain the system of antioxidant protection in light and etiolated seedlings of amaranth cv. Valentina under low positive temperatures.