pre-Qin Period Research Articles

The Types and Meanings of the Orchid Paintings on Craftwork in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: With a Focus on the Inner Cases for Books Made of Jade, White Porcelains with Underglaze Iron-brown Painting and Blue and White Porcelains

The Types and Meanings of the Orchid Paintings on Craftwork in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: With a Focus on the Inner Cases for Books Made of Jade, White Porcelains with Underglaze Iron-brown Painting and Blue and White Porcelains

Rule of Law in Han Feizi's Thought

In this paper, the author will review the meaning of the rule of law and investigate the Chinese major political theorist of the pre-Qin period, Han Feizi, thoughts on legalism and examine whether his philosophy is in conformity with contemporary concept of the rule of law. The paper concludes that considering the knowledge and progress of Han’s era, we may see his philosophy as one that promotes rule of law.

A Study on Knowledge Theory of Pre-Qin Period Confucianism – Reviewing Types of Knowledge

A Study on Knowledge Theory of Pre-Qin Period Confucianism – Reviewing Types of Knowledge

Grammaticalization and lexicalization: suggestions regarding the development of the Chinese change-of-state verb

This paper discusses the evolution of the Chinese verb 断 (duàn ‘break’), exploring how the lexicon has transformed from being a substantive transitive verb in the past to the various functions it fulfils in contemporary Chinese: i.e. a resultative complement, an adjective, an adverb and a noun. Findings reveal that duàn was initially transitive and its intransitive function was derived during the Spring and Autumn period (772–476 BC). The two functions co-existed for the rest of the Pre-Qin period (before 221 BC). Duàn’s transition into a resultative complement began during the Eastern Han dynasty (AD 25–220), and its noun function was shaped in the Warring State period (475–221 BC). Finally, Duàn’s adjective and adverb functions are noted to begin in Middle Chinese (AD 420–1279). Although some of these transitions took place more or less simultaneously during overlapping periods, they developed via two separate paths: the process by which duàn developed into a resultative complement, an adverb, and an adjective is that of grammaticalization, while on the other hand, the process by which duàn developed into a noun is that of lexicalization. Essentially, it is the intransitive function that is subject to grammaticalization and it is the transitive function that is subject to lexicalization. In this paper it is therefore proposed that the above diachronic change is taken as a cline, and is put forward as follows: (a) grammaticalization and lexicalization are not distinct processes but rather happen to a lexeme more or less simultaneously; and (b) interrelationship between the two processes is orthogonal.

浅谈杂家的治国思想及其学术价值

杂家是先秦诸子百家中的重要思想流派之一，被《汉书•艺文志》收录于“诸子略”里的“九流十家”之中。杂家充分吸收了诸子百家的精华思想，但并非对其进行简单地杂糅，而是贯之以“王治”、“国体”，成为总结学术的会通之学。自先秦至唐代，杂家的脉络演变清晰可循。杂家思想最早发端于战国末年的《吕氏春秋》，该书对诸子百家学说作了一次大规模的概括总结，不别门户，集其大成。西汉以降，初崇老庄之道术，后尚孔孟之儒法，淮南王刘安招宾客方士编成《淮南子》一书，进一步继承杂家思想，以老庄思想为主，兼采各家所长，体系博大，内涵精深。有唐一代，以魏征为代表的政治家们更是继承杂家的视野与心胸，将当时之世的先进思想(如东汉兴起的道教、魏晋盛行的佛教)融贯调和，注入到大唐的政治体系中，奠定唐代包容会通、兼收并蓄的主基调，使得唐朝出现“贞观之治”的历史性盛世。从吕不韦到魏征，杂家最终实现了自己的治国主张，成效斐然，影响深远。杂家的治国思想内涵丰富，包括以民为本，德治为主、法治为辅以及任贤用能、注重教化等等。我们应当了解杂家优中取优、去门户之见的学术价值，并且在实现中华民族伟大复兴的奋斗过程中积极吸收人类文明的优秀成果，兼收并蓄，融会贯通。 The Eclectics is the one of the most significant schools during the pre-Qin period and it has been included in “jiu liu shi jia” of “zhu zi” class in the books catalogue in Han Shu. Eclectics absorbed the various schools of thought adequately and stringed with “governance” and “constitution” not only grouped them simply. Thus, it became the TongXue. From pre-Qin to Tang dynasty, the structure evolution of Eclectics can be found clearly. The thought of Eclectics began in the Annals of Lubuwei at the end of the warring states period, this book has made a summary of the various schools comprehensively without the portal. The monarch advocated the thought of Laozi and Zhuangzi in early years of the Han dynasty and then urged the Confucianism. Liuan, the king of huainan, edited a book named Huainanzi by gathering knowledgeable persons. He inherited the thought of the Eclectics deeply. This book contained the thought of Laozi and Zhuangzi mainly and took the quintessence of every schools, thus, the book’s connotation was very profound. In the Tang dynasty, the politicians represented by Weizheng continued to inherit the horizon and ambition of Eclectics. They transfused the advanced thought such as Taoism risen in Eastern Han dynasty and Buddhism prevailed in Wei and Jin dynasties into the political system of Tang dynasty and established the main tone of embrace everything that is useful of Tang dynasty, so that there became a historic prosperous time which named “Golden Year of Zhenguan” during the Tang dynasty. From Lubuwei to Weizheng, Eclectics realized its political target ultimately which had significant effect and far-reaching influence. Eclectics had abundant political thought which include people-based, governing mainly by morality and secondarily by law, appointed talent, paying more attention to enlightenment and so on. We should understand the academic value of Eclectics on choosing the best in the excellence and neglecting the prejudice from different schools, further more, we have to absorb the excellent results of human civilization actively and achieve mastery through a comprehensive during the strive to attain the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Blooming of the Spirits of Incorruptibility in Pre-Qin Period and It’s Lesson to Our Modern Lives

Blooming of the Spirits of Incorruptibility in Pre-Qin Period and It’s Lesson to Our Modern Lives

The Form and Meaning of a Chinese Character ‘Ji(既)’ in Pre-Qin Period

The Form and Meaning of a Chinese Character ‘Ji(既)’ in Pre-Qin Period

Zhang Xiaomang. (2011). Thoughts and methods of argumentation from the Great Thinkers in the Pre-Qin Period

Zhang Xiaomang. (2011). <i>Thoughts and methods of argumentation from the Great Thinkers in the Pre-Qin Period</i>

A Study on the Confucian Symbol of Orchids in the Pre-Qin Period

A Study on the Confucian Symbol of Orchids in the Pre-Qin Period

Recognition and use of Aconitum carmichaeli from the pre-Qin period to Tang Dynasty-Also on rules in evolution of traditional Chinese medicine

The recognition and use of Aconitum carmichaeli have undergone various changes from the pre-Qin period to Tang dynasty. From "the drug of evil" to "the leader of hundreds of medicine ", people's understanding of A. carmichaeli is more and more deep and specific. The medicinal values of A. Carmichaeli have been excavated, and it is widely used in brewing skill, agricultural production, Taoism, Buddhism and festival customs. Its function is becoming more and more diversified and routinized. By studying it, we can glimpse some rules in the evolution of traditional Chinese medicine, for instance relationships between drugs and poisons, drugs and non-drug; the inheritance and integration of medical books' recording; the generalization and routinization of Chinese medicinal medicines' functions, and so on.

Senses and Cognition in Early Chinese Thought

In the early history of Chinese thought, a cognitive tradition emerged under the Shang and Zhou dynasties that saw the ear and the mouth as the main means of connecting the inner and the outer world. In the pre-Qin period, particular prominence was given to the cognitive function of the ear and eye, with the latter receiving greater attention; however, in the contest between the two, the ear eventually prevailed over the eye. In the Qin-Han period, the tongue came out ahead in the contest between ear and tongue. At first the ear and the mouth were seen as cooperating, but later in the competition between ear and eye, the ear prevailed, in what can be seen as a restoration of the ancient Shang and Zhou tradition. The same is true of the tongue’s victory in the ear-tongue disputes of the Qin-Han period. The mouth was originally latent in this process, but reappeared as the tongue. The successive victories of the ear and the tongue represented conscious progress in cognition. In the contest of the senses, the eye and the ear were lost out, being supplanted by the sense of taste. This moved Chinese thinking on cognition ever further from the primacy of sight and hearing, with the sense of taste eventually taking pride of place. This led to the creation of a culture in which core concepts such as the Way (dao 道) were dominated by the sense of taste, giving rise to China’s unique taste-based mental universe.

聖人崇拜의 기원과 전개 : 先秦儒家의 聖人救世論과 聖人化運動을 중심으로

聖人崇拜의 기원과 전개 : 先秦儒家의 聖人救世論과 聖人化運動을 중심으로

A Brief Evolutionary History of TCM Culture in Hubei— From the Pre-Qin Period to the Qing Dynasty

This paper tries to analyze the rules of evolution and development of TCM culture in Hubei in history. By exploring the rich materials from the authentic history books and local annals and interpreting the great medical thoughts of representative TCM masters lived in Hubei, we find that TCM culture has been well inherited and carried forward in Hubei and Hubei enjoys a respected position in the holistic development of TCM culture in China. The results suggest that regional development and national development of TCM culture are interdependent and inter-promoting. It’s of great importance to do some research on the development of TCM culture in history in other regions to better develop and transmit TCM culture both at home and abroad.

Study on the Pre-Qin Period of Literary Criticism in the 20th Century

The Pre-Qin is the origin of Chinese ancient literary criticism. The study of literary criticism in the Pre-Qin period is along with the study of the subject of Chinese literary criticism. We will have a good knowledge of the Pre-Qin of literature criticism through placing this period’s study in the three phases of the whole Chinese literary criticism.

The Ancient Chinese Views of Family Education Recorded in Pre-Qin (before 221 BC) Confucian Classics

&lt;p&gt;The Pre-Qin family education is a long neglected but important research topic in understanding Chinese education and culture. Although Chinese traditional family education is mostly under the influence of Confucianism there is not sufficient discussion in the Pre-Qin period as there are only scattered records related to this topic in various Pre-Qin classics. In addition, most research outputs in the field are on “jiaxun” (family instruction) which normally refers to family seniors’ commandments to their juniors from a cultural perspective. However, “jiating jiaoyu” (family education) can be defined as a mutual learning process in which individuals are socialized in family settings from perspectives of education and sociology. Based on this definition, the paper aims at exploring the special roles and contributions of the early Pre-Qin Confucian classics to the development of family education in China in terms of principle, aim, pedagogy, and role expectation of family member. The result shows that the Yijing (Book of Changes) brings out the views of strict family management style, supreme status of the father and role differentiation in the Pre-Qin period. The Lunyu (Analects) emphasizes the value of learning the shi (Book of Songs) and the li (Book of Rites) while the book Mengzi proposes a couple of innovative views on the parent-child relationship, role models, mutual education, environmental influence, and moral and role expectations in family education. The practicability of impartiality in family education and effectiveness of direct instruction in education are areas that need special attention from researchers and education policy makers.&lt;/p&gt;

The Expressive Forms of Natural Imagery in Chinese Poetry

Lyric is a mainstream for Chinese ancient literature. Chinese sages have realized that the main emotion cannot be expressed truly and vividly only by simple language in Pre-Qin period. Moreover, language cannot express our thought completely, so we need to utilize specific images. “Image” in ancient poems has long remained at the level of “natural scenery”; everything rises and falls, so nothing fails to affect people’s feeling and inspiration. So this paper tries to illustrate the performance of natural images in Chinese poetry. The finding by analysis is that there are two main existing forms of images in poetry. One side is parallel existence, for example Parallel Existence of life Changes and social events; another side is contrast existence, such as contrast of four seasons and history. Papers will be mainly based on the argument from two aspects of parallel and contrast existence analysis.

先秦时期巢湖流域的环境与文化

巢湖流域文化历史悠久，是我国先秦时期人类活动比较活跃的地区之一，发现了上百处先秦时期古遗址点。流域古遗址点的时空分布变化和古文化的迁移与流域气候环境变迁及地貌演变关系密切，突出表现在气候变化导致的古巢湖岸线变迁与古人类活动迁移有很好的耦合关系。先秦时期巢湖流域相对温暖湿润的气候、中原文化与南方古文化交流的重要位置，以及水网发达、生物资源丰富等，这些都为流域先秦文化的形成、发展和繁盛提供了优越的环境条件。 The Chaohu Lake Basin is one of the human influenced regions during the Pre-Qin Period in Anhui Province of East China, and more than 300 ancient archaeological sites of Pre-Qin Period were found in this area. There are good relationships between the temporal-spatial distribution of archaeological sites and environmental changes, especially with the changes of lakeshore of Chaohu Lake caused by regional climate changes. The relatively warm and humid climate of Pre-Qin Period, the important position of ancient Chinese culture exchanges between the north and south, the developed water network, and rich biological resources, all had been important environmental foundation for the origin and development of Pre-Qin culture in the Chaohu Lake Basin.

Chronological Narrative and Locale-based Narrative in Early Chinese Prose: A Case Study of Wu-Yue Rivalry in Zuozhuan and Guoyu

Chinese narrative tradition traces back to the Pre-Qin Period, and very often, such early historical prose employs a distinct narrative style. Amongst them, Zuozhuan is representative of the “chronological narrative” style, and Guoyu is representative of the “locale-based narrative” style. This paper seeks to analyse the narrative of “Wu-Yue rivalry” in the two texts from a narratology point of view, to understand how the two narrative styles influenced the plot development, characterisation, narrator perspective and significance, and narrative characteristics. Keywords: Chronological Narrative; Locale-based Narrative; Zuozhuan ; Guoyu ; Wu-Yue Rivalry

Old Chinese as an Inflectional Language: With Evidence from the Personal Pronoun System

&lt;p&gt;This paper reviews the nature of Old Chinese (OC) by exploring the morpho-syntactic feature of the personal pronoun system. It carried out a statistic analysis of the frequency of 吾, 我，予，余，朕，印，台; 爾，汝；彼, 其, 之 being used as person pronouns. The findings reveal that 吾 never appears in an accusative position; 予 never appears in a genitive position; An order of preference as regards case function of 我 runs from nominaitve, to accusative, genitive, down to dative. 其 conveys an accusative or a genitive, but never denotes a nominative. 之 denotes a generic third person or non-person and often marries up with 吾. This might suffice to draw the conclusion that OC was probably an inflectional language in the pre-Qin period.&lt;/p&gt;

Oral diseases recorded in several ancient pulse-taking books unearthed in Mawangdui and Zhangjiashan

The earliest known records of oral ulcer, periodontitis and its accompanying lesions were seen in the manuscripts, Bing hou(Syndrome of Disease) and Yin yang mai si hou(Fatal Syndrome of Yin Yang Channels), the ancient pulse-taking books from Mawangdui and Zhangjiashan. In the manuscripts Zu bi shi yi mai jiu jing(11-Channel Moxibustion Classic of Foot and Arm) and Yin yang shi yi mai jiu jing(11-Channel Moxibustion Classic of Yin and Yang), there were the earliest content about mandibular and neck diseases, tongue diseases, tooth diseases and mouth diseases described based on the locations along the channel pathways, and preliminary clinical records of diagnosis and treatment of some oral diseases, reflecting the achievements of stomatology in the pre-Qin period and Oin as well as Han Dynasty. Key words: Bing hou(Syndrome of Disease); Yin yang mai si hou(Fatal Syndrome of Yin Yang Channels); Shi yi mai jiu jing(11-Channel Moxibustion Classic); Stomatology History