Pre-experimental Research Design Research Articles

Improved Fitness and VO2Max: Implementation of Traditional “Massallo” Games

Students' health needs are one of the priorities in learning. Therefore, physical education, sports and health have a very significant role. Physical education, sports and health are not only a means of improving physical fitness, but also play a role in maintaining body health and understanding the local wisdom contained in traditional sports such as Massallo. Therefore, the aim of this research is how Massallo games can shape students' fitness and Vo2max. This research is a quantitative pre-experimental design research using a Pretest-Posttest one group design. With a total of 42 students participating, they used exercises with the Massallo game. All data obtained were searched for mean, min, max, and standard deviation values as well as differences in applying exercises and Massallo games using independent sample t-test and simple regression. There are differences in results in implementing training with Massallo games in increasing students' fitness and VO2Max. It was found that using the Massallo game training method had a difference of 11,421 in increasing students' fitness and VO2Max and had a significant influence of 0.610, which indicated that the Massallo game had a good role in students' fitness and VO2Max. Key Words: Fitness, Massallo Games, Physical Education, VO2Max

Learning Package impact on awareness about danger signs of pregnancy

Background: All pregnant women by virtue of their pregnant status face some level of maternal risk. Data suggest that around 40% of all pregnant women have some complications. Therefore, present study aims to assess effectiveness of learning package on awareness regarding danger signs of pregnancy. Method: Pre experimental research design with Quantitative approach was applied to conduct the study. A sample of 120 antenatal women selected for the study through non probability purposive sampling technique. Results: The mean pretest knowledge score was 13.52 ± 2.62, whereas mean posttest knowledge score was 24.52 ± 3.83. The post-test mean value knowledge score among antenatal women was significantly higher than the pretest knowledge score. The mean difference was 11 The paired student “t” test value was 33.67 which was significant at p=0.05 level. The findings revealed that there was no significant association between knowledge score with selected demographic variables of the antenatal women. Conclusion: Findings of our study strongly recommend the need for conducting learning program to increase the awareness regarding danger signs of pregnancy among antenatal women.

Safeguarding Vascular Health: Unleashing the Potential of Smartphone Early Warning Systems to Elevate Phlebitis Prevention in IV Infusion Therapy

Intravenous (IV) infusion is a pervasive medical intervention, administered to approximately 90% of hospitalized patients. Phlebitis, characterized by inflammation of the veins resulting from infusion, stands as a prevalent complication, ranking fourth among hospitalacquired infections globally. This research investigates the efficacy of a Smartphone Early Warning System (EWS) display in mitigating the incidence of phlebitis within the Safa treatment room at Aisyiyah Hospital. Employing a pre-experimental research design with a Static-group Comparison approach, 16 respondents were allocated to treatment and control groups. The Mann-Whitney Test, a statistical analysis, unveiled a significant difference (P Value = 0.001 < 0.05) in phlebitis incidence between the treatment group, utilizing the Smartphone EWS display, and the control group, which relied on conventional monitoring methods. Notably, the average rank of phlebitis incidence in the control group (21.12) exceeded that in the treatment group (9.78). This study sheds light on the potential of the Smartphone EWS display to curtail phlebitis during infusion, emphasizing its role in advancing nursing care quality through real-time monitoring and early prevention strategies.

The Correlation Between Student’s Self-Esteem and English Speaking Ability of Tenth Grade in SMAN 3 Bulukumba

This research was aimed to know the correlation between student’s self-esteem and English speaking ability of tenth grade in SMAN 3 Bulukumba. This research applies a quantitative method with a pre-experimental research design, where the sample was class 25 students in grade tenth and used simple random sampling. The instrument used questionnaire for the student’s self-esteem and the English speaking ability test. The result of data analysis showed that there are correlation between student’s self-esteem and English speaking ability of tenth grade in SMAN 3 Bulukumba. It can be proven by the result of Pearson Correlation Method that have a significance value (sig) 0.040 < α (0.05). This indicates a rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (H1). It can be concluded that there are correlations between student’s self-esteem and English speaking ability of tenth grade in SMAN 3 Bulukumba.Key words-- Correlation, Student’s Self-esteem, English Speaking Ability

EFFECTIVENESS OF CBT BASED RELAPSE PREVENTION THERAPY IN REDUCING RELAPSE RISK AND CRAVING AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER

Present study explored the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Relapse Prevention Techniques (CBT-BRPT) in reducing relapse risk and craving among individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). Drawing from a comprehensive literature review, the study addressed the pressing need for evidence-based interventions to combat SUD and its associated challenges. Present study employed a Pre-Experimental Research Design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach, utilized the purposive sampling to recruit a sample of 50 male participants seeking treatment for SUD. The instruments utilized include the Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale (SRRS), the Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS), and a Demographic Information Form. Results demonstrated significant reductions in both craving and relapse risk among participants who received CBT-BRPT intervention. These findings underscore the importance of CBT-BRPT as a viable treatment option for individuals with SUD, offering promising implications for clinical practice and substance abuse treatment programs. Despite limitations such as sample size and absence of a control group, the study's findings advocate for the integration of CBT approaches into existing treatment modalities and call for further research to validate the efficacy of CBT interventions in addressing substance use disorders comprehensively.

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant effect of the application of the Team Assisted Individualization type cooperative learning model on Christian Religious Education learning motivation of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung in the 2023/2024 Learning Year. The research method used is quantitative method with the type of pre-experimental design research with the form of “One Shot Case Study”. The population was all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung who were Protestant Christians totaling 175 people and a sample of 32 people was determined using Purposive Sample technique. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 20 items for variable X and an observation sheet of 22 items for variable Y. The results of data analysis are shown through: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.560 > rtable (=0.05, n=32) = 0.349. b) significant relationship test obtained tcount = 3.704 > ttable (=0.05, dk=n-2=30) = 2.042. 2) Effect test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂ = “33.23”+0.58X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 31.4%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fhitung> Ftabel = (=0.05, dk numerator k = 21, dk denominator = n-2 = 32-2 = 30), namely 13.70> 1.62. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So, the study concluded that there is a positive and significant effect of the Application of Team Assisted Individualization Type Cooperative Learning Model on Christian Religious Education Learning Motivation of Class VII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung Learning Year 2023/2024.

Peer Education Sadari terhadap Perilaku Remaja dalam Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara

This study aims to analyze the influence of breast self-examination peer education on adolescent behavior in early breast cancer detection. This research method is quantitative with a pre-experimental research design, one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling method in this study used proportional stratified random sampling, so the total sample in this study was 114 respondents. This research began in September 2023 – February 2024. Based on the results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the P-value was obtained, namely 0.000 < α = 0.05. In conclusion, there is an influence before and after breast self-examination peer education is carried out on adolescent behavior in early detection of breast cancer. Keywords: Adolescent Behavior, Breast Cancer, Breast Self-Examination, Peer Education

Influence Supplements Multi Micronutrients (MMS) on Nutritional Status Mother Pregnant in City Gorontalo

Multi micronutrient supplements (MMS) are supplements that contain 15 most essential vitamins and minerals for pregnant women. MMS contains many nutrients, one of which is vitamin B which can increase appetite, vitamin B12 and folic acid which can form hemoglobin to prevent anemia. This research aims to determine the effect of multi supplements micronutrient (mms) on the nutritional status of pregnant women in Gorontalo City. This research method is a quantitative method with a pre-experimental research design with a one group pre and post test design . The sample was 112 people using the Slovin formula, sampling using proportional sampling . Statistical analysis used the T-test to see changes before and after being given MMS. The results of the study showed that for nutritional status there was a decrease in the percentage of malnutrition before it was given mms 12.5% decreased to 0.9% after being given MMS. Normal nutrition which was previously 87.5% increased to 99.1% after being given MMS. Conclusion: There is an influence of MMS on the nutritional status of pregnant women in Gorontalo City with a p-value of 0.000 ≤0.05, meaning that MMS is effective in improving the nutritional status of pregnant women.

THE USE OF FABLE STORY TROUGH STAD TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This research aimed to find out to improve students’ reading comprehension that focused in determine the (main idea) and (conclusion) in the fable story in narrative text.This research employed pre-experimental research design with one group pre-test and post-test design. There were to variables: independent variable is the use of fable in terms of main idea and determining conclusion and dependent variable was the result of the test about improving students reading comprehension in terms of main idea and determining conclusion. The research findings showed that the students’ of SMP Pesantren Guppi Samata had low score in pre-test. After treatment, their post-test was significantly improved. The result of the research were the mean score of reading comprehension obtained by the students’ through pre-test was (main idea) 14.42 and (conclusion) 14.12 and post-test was (main idea) 22.95 and (conclusion) 21.48, with the t-test value is higher that t-table value (9,024 > 2,119). It meant that there was significant difference between before and after giving the treatment. It indicated that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It was concluded that the using fable text was successful to increase the students’ capability in reading comprehension skills in reading English activity that improve them in narrative text.

Pengaruh Penerapan Ice Breaking Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dan Budi Pekerti Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sitio Tio Kabupaten Samosir Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of implementing Ice Breaking on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sitio Tio, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. The method in this research is a pre-experimental design research method in the form of "One Shot Case Study". The population is all class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Sitio-tio Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 105 people and a sample of 35 people was determined using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 31 items, namely 15 items for variable Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year is known based on: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained by the value rxy = 0.580 > rtable(=0.05,n=35) = 0.334. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 4.090 > ttable(=0.05, dk=n-2=33)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="36.05"+0.71X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 33.6%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=15, dk denominator=n-2=35-2=33) namely 16.70 > 2.01. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Script Terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Siswa Kelas VIII SMP N 1 Tarutung Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024

The aim of this research is to find out more about the influence of the Cooperative Script Learning Model on the Learning Activeness of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP N 1 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The research method used is a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design research type in the form of "One Shot Case Study". The population is the entire class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency, 157 people for the 2023/2024 academic year and a sample of 32 people was determined using the purposive sample technique.

The Effectiveness of Scrabble Games to Promote Vocabulary Achievement of Migrant Workers’ Children in Malaysia

Vocabulary skill is crucial for every English as foreign language (EFL) learners as it forms the foundation for effective communication, comprehension, and overall language proficiency. However, Indonesian migrant workers’ children who attend school at PPWNI Klang that has only two teachers who are not experts in the field of English, resulting in a lack of enthusiasm among students to learn the language. The study aimed to examine whether the use of Scrabble games was effective in increasing students' vocabulary achievement or not. The research design was a pre-experimental research design, with one group pretest-posttest used by the researchers. The sample of the study was 21 students of grade 9 SMP PPWNI Klang Malaysia, selected using purposive sampling. The results of the pretest and posttest data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test through the SPSS software. The findings of the study showed that Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. This means that there is a significant difference and effectiveness in learning outcomes after using the scrabble games method in learning English vocabulary. As the conclusion, a scrabble game is an effective strategy for teaching vocabulary especially to students facing various challenges, such as limited teacher resources and an unsupportive learning environment, they can be comfortable and motivated to continue learning due to the enjoyable game-based learning experience.

The Effect of Tera Gymnastics on Reducing Hypertension in the Elderly in Dukugawing-Kepunduan Cirebon

Elevations in blood pressure and pulse might result from changes in the cardiovascular system that occur with aging, including the loss of artery flexibility. Motion-based exercise for the elderly increases the release of hormones that relax the patient by stimulating the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Senior gymnastics is an excellent physical activity for removing fat and cholesterol from blood vessels. This study aimed to determine the impact of senior exercise on hypertension in the older population in the Dukugawing Block, Kepunduan Village, Dukuntang District, and Cirebon Regency. The pre-experimental research design employed in this study included 34 senior hypertensive participants in a one-group pre-posttest design using simple total sampling. As the data were normally distributed, a paired t-test was used for data analysis after blood pressure was taken using a sphygmomanometer and elderly gymnastics was measured using a standard operating procedure (SOP). As a result of the intervention, the average blood pressure dropped from 150/94 mmHg to 140/90 mmHg, according to the data. After administering an aged exercise intervention for the elderly in the Dukugawing Block, Kepunduan Village, Dukuntang District, Cirebon Regency, a paired sample t-test analysis yielded a p-value = 0.00 <0.05, indicating a significant difference in blood pressure before and after participation.

THE EFFECT OF THE PREVIEW, QUESTION, READ, SUMMARIZE, AND TEST (PQRST) TECHNIQUE PLUS CHARACTER JOURNAL ENTRIES (CJE) PROJECT TOWARDS STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION

This study employed a pre-experimental research design to determine the effectiveness of using the Preview, Questions, Read, Summarize, and Test (PQRST) technique plus Character Journal Entries (CJE) in teaching reading comprehension of narrative texts. The participants of this research were SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak students in the tenth-grade students, consisting of 252 students in academic 2023/2024. The sample was chosen using cluster random sampling facilitated by the Spinning Wheel website. The study’s sample consisted of 30 students from X E. This research used a test as its instrument. The test consisted of 20 multiple types of questions. The calculation was done using SPSS v.23. The researcher used the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for the paired test. The result shows the Asymp.Sig (W) value (0,000) < W table (critical values table) (0,05). As a result, the null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted, meaning the PQRST technique plus CJE project has been significantly effective towards students’ reading comprehension, with the result of effect size 2,45.

ENHANCING STUDENTS’ ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION THROUGH PHONETIC METHODOLOGY AT MTSN 3 BANDA ACEH

This study investigates how well first-grade students at MTsN 3 Banda Aceh can pronounce English words correctly while using a phonetic approach. The study uses tests, questionnaires, and experimental instruction sessions to investigate the efficacy of the phonetic technique using a pre-experimental research design. All first-grade children at MTsN 3 Banda Aceh make up the target population, and 30 students were chosen as a sample size for the research. The data is analyzed using statistical techniques such as t-tests, percentage computations and SPSS 21. Based on the difference between pretest and posttest scores, the results show that students' pronunciation skills significantly improved after using the phonetic approach. Furthermore, both the quantitative and qualitative results show that students had positive attitudes regarding the phonetic technique.

APPLYING DUOLINGO IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL

This study aims to find out the use of the Duolingo application in improving the speaking skills of students at SMP 8 Banda Aceh. This study used a pre-experimental research design to obtain accurate research results. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique which is part of non-random sampling, and theree were 34 students involved in this study as participants. Research instruments are the form of pre-test and post-tests to distinguish the results before and after treatment. Based on data analysis, it was identified that there is an improvement in students’ speaking skills and the result of the hypothesis is that the value of the t score is higher than the t table (0.967>0.678). This means that the hypothesis is accepted. It can be concluded that the use of the Duolingo application can improve the students’ speaking skills. Therefore, the use of the Duolingo application in the learning process in improving students' speaking skills is highly recommended to be applied at all levels of study.

The Improvement of Students' Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills and Learning Motivation Through Contextual Teaching and Learning

This research aims to investigate the improvement of students' critical thinking skills and learning motivation using a problem-solving approach through Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) in the topic of statistics with the assistance of GeoGebra. This study employs a pre-experimental research design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consists of one eighth-grade class in a public junior high school in Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques include pretests and posttests to measure students' critical thinking skills and a questionnaire to assess students' learning motivation. The paired sample t-test is utilized for data analysis. The results reveal an improvement in critical thinking skills, with an average pretest score of 49.33 and a posttest score of 85.00. Students' learning motivation also increased, with an average pretest score of 73.60 and a posttest score of 88.87. The t-test result shows a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis. This implies that there is a significant influence on students' critical thinking skills using a problem-solving approach through Contextual Teaching and Learning in the statistics subject, resulting in an enhancement of students' critical thinking skills

Health Education Influences Mother's Knowledge in Preventing Stunting in Infants

Introduction: The 2022 SSGI results indicate that the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia has decreased from 24.4% to 21.6% compared to the previous year. The target to be achieved by 2024 is to reduce the prevalence of stunting to 14%. Efforts to reduce the incidence of stunting include conducting health promotions about stunting. Purpose: This research aims to analyze the effect of health education on mothers' knowledge about stunting prevention in toddlers in the Malei Health Center working area, Poso Regency. Method: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-experiment research design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The research was conducted in July 2023 in the working area of the Malei Health Center, Lage District, Poso Regency. The sample size was 65 people, selected through simple random sampling. Result: Univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents were aged 20–35 years (53.9%), had education levels ranging from elementary to junior high school (58.5%), and were unemployed (72.3%). The Wilcoxon test was used for bivariate analysis due to the non-normal distribution of the data. Statistical test results showed a significant increase in respondents' knowledge, with an average score increase of 50.2 and a p-value <0.05. Conclusion: Health education significantly influences maternal knowledge of stunting prevention. It is recommended that health promotion efforts be enhanced through education about stunting.

EFFECT OF TRAINING PROGRAMS ON TRAINEES’ LEARNING

Employees’ learning is the primary driver of organizational sustainability. To achieve sustainability, organizations are required to invest in training for their employees’ continuous learning. Evaluation of training programs is the heart of continuous improvement in employees’ learning. This study investigates the effect of training programs on employees’ learning, focusing on knowledge-based outcomes (KBO), skill-based outcomes (SBO), and affective outcomes (AO). Drawing upon Human Capital Theory (HCT) and the second level of the Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model, a pre-experimental research design and quantitative method were employed. Stratified random sampling technique is used to select a sample of 381 employees from eight Private Commercial Banks (PCBs) of four bank generations in Bangladesh who participated in pre-test and post-test assessments. Statistical techniques including comparison chart, normality tests (Shapiro-Wilk W Test and Skewness and Kurtosis Test), and paired t-test were utilized to analyze the data. Findings indicate significant improvements in KBO, SBO, and AO following training interventions, supported by statistical test conducted using MS Excel v.13. Later, findings from executing STATA v.12 also underscore the effect of training programs on upgrading employees’ learning in the PCBs. Limitation includes the absence of a control group that hinders the influence of potential external factors on learning outcomes, which is a new avenue for future research.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge and Attitude of Adolecsent Regarding Healthy Food Habits in Selected School of D&NH

Background: The world health organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as any person between ages 10–19. During adolescent various physiological changes occurs as a result, nutritional requirement of the body increase tremendously, therefore important to consume a balance diet at this stage. In adolescent various health problem occur such as reproductive health problems, nutritional health problem, psychosocial problem etc., but due to poor intake and availability of diet major health problem is under nutrition or over nutrition. Adolescent especially school going children are most vulnerable towards the problem like undernutrition or obesity and when they grow in age this adverse health tendency continues to persist and impairs the health and wellbeing of adolescent population and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and some cancer. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on healthy food habits among adolescents. Methodology: In this study, pre-experimental research design was used. For total 100 adolescents who met the sampling criteria were selected with Simple random sampling technique from the selected school of D&NH. The data were collected using structure knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale. Results: The result revealed that a significant difference in the mean pre-test knowledge score (9.13) and the mean post-test knowledge score (17.08) of adolescent after administering of video assisted teaching as measured by ‘t’ test (27.248) which was highly significant at 0.001 level of significance. It shows that there was significant difference in mean attitude pre-test score (42.87) and post-test attitude score (49.17) of adolescents, the ‘t’ test measured (11.815) which shows highly significance at 0.001 level of significance. There is no association between pre-test knowledge and attitude with selected demographic variable. Only gender shows that Significant association with selected demographic variable.